Democratic Destiny and the District of Columbia Federal Politics and Public Policy

by Walters, Ronald W.; Travis, Toni-Michelle; Norton, De l. Eleanor Holmes; Flowers, Angelyn; Fishman, Darwin; Harris, Daryl; Norton, Eleanor Holmes; Ball, Jared; Glasper, Kevin L.; Fauntroy, Michael; Moore, ReShone; Walters, Ronald; Travis, Toni-Michelle C.

• ISBN13: 9780739127179
• ISBN10: 0739127179
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-03-01
• Publisher: Lexington Books

Summary

This book contributes substantially to urban affairs and public policy literature by presenting an introduction to the complex politics and public policy issues of Washington, D.C. The uniqueness of the city, as elaborated in this volume, provides background for understanding the non-traditional congressional relationship with the city and the way in which this establishes and perpetuates the continuing fight for congressional representation, real home rule and equitable federal benefits for citizens of the District of Columbia. Usually becoming a mayor, member of a city council, or agency head in a major city could become a stepping stone to higher office. In Washington, D.C. however, this has not been the case. Contests for political leadership operate in a unique political climate because Washington, D.C is the capital of the U.S., subject to congressional oversight, has a majority African American population, and has a majority Democratic population. Those who become mayor are therefore, confined to play a local with rare opportunities for a national role. One Objective of this volume is to highlight the difficulties of experiencing political democracy and adequate policy distribution by citizens of the District of Columbia. These analyses conclude that one of the major obstacles to these objectives is the manner in which home rule was constructed and persists, leading to the conclusion that the desire of citizens and their leaders for change is well founded.

Author Biography

Ronald Walters is director of the African American Leadership Institute and professor of government and politics at the University of Maryland. His many books include Black Presidential Politics, winner of the American Political Science Association's Ralph Bunche Prize, and White Nationalism, Black Interests, an "academic bestseller," covered by C-SPAN. Toni-Michelle C. Travis is associate professor and program director of African American studies at George Mason University. She is the faculty representative to the Board of Visitors' Committee on Equity and Diversity. She has been a member of the Department of Public and International Affairs since 1984, and is the editor of the Almanac of Virginia Politics.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	p. ix
Foreword	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Endorsements	p. xvii
Introduction	p. xix
Methodology	p. xxiii
The Beginning: The Arrival of the Israelites in Japan B.C. 250-A.D. 250
The Origin of the Japanese People	p. 3
The Yamato People & Their State	p. 4
Shintoism, Kojiki & Nihongo	p. 6
Origin of Japan-Hebrew Theories	p. 8
The Lost Tribes of Israel	p. 11
The Silk Route	p. 14
The Jewish Entrance into Japan	p. 16
The Hada People	p. 19
Hebrew-Japanese Cultural Comparisons	p. 22
Mythological Links	p. 22
Hebrew Words in Japanese Myth	p. 22
Yasaka Beads	p. 24
The Wedding of Izanagi & Izanami	p. 24
The Heavenly Koyane & Priestly Office	p. 26
The Three Japanese Emperors	p. 26
Hebrew-Japanese Linguistic Links	p. 28
Hebrew Words in the Japanese Language	p. 28
Japanese & Hebrew Alphabets	p. 30
Hebrew Songs in the Japanese Language	p. 31
Hebrew & Japanese Cultural Links	p. 34
Hebrew Shinto Comparisons	p. 34
Japanese Festivals with Hebrew Roots	p. 40
Cultural Similarities	p. 48
The Imperial House of Japan	p. 51
Emperor as the High Priest	p. 52
The Imperial Sacred Mirror	p. 53
Keikyo: The Church of the East in Japan A.D. 600
The Church of the East in Asia	p. 59
The Definition of the Church of the East	p. 60
The Beginning of the Church of the East	p. 61
The Early Persecutions	p. 62
The Rise of Nestorians	p. 63
Church of the East in China & Mongolia	p. 65
Christianity during China's Tang Dynasty	p. 66
Church of the East in Mongolia	p. 69
The Cultural Heritage of the Church of the East in Asia	p. 72
Medical Science	p. 72
Language & Alphabet	p. 73
Nestorians & Religious Dialogue	p. 75
The Church of the East in Japan	p. 77
Early Records of Keikyo in Japan	p. 77
Records of Keikyo during the Eighth Century A.D.	p. 78
Kobo Daishi & the Nestorian Monument in Koya	p. 79
Uzumasa & the Koryuji Temple	p. 80
Miroku Bosatsu-Christ	p. 81
The Well of Isarai & the Shrine of David	p. 81
The Legend of Uzumasa	p. 82
The Influence of Keikyo on the Japanese Language	p. 84
The So-Called Crave of Jesus	p. 84
The Keikyo-Hada Migrants in Japan	p. 85
Amenominakanushi no Kami-The Japanese Name of God	p. 86
Kirishitan: The Catholic Church in Japan, The Age of Persecution A.D. 1542
The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Social, Political and Economic Conditions in Asia & Japan	p. 91
Dutch Colonialism during the Seventeenth Century	p. 93
Japan during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century	p. 93
Tokugawa Period (1603-1868)	p. 94
Society and Culture during the Tokugawa Period	p. 94
The Isolation of Japan during the Tokugawa Period	p. 96
The Arrival of the Roman Catholic Church in Japan	p. 98
Roman Catholicism's Arrival in Japan	p. 98
The Jesuits in Japan	p. 99
The Arrival of the Franciscans in Japan	p. 106
The Dutch in Japan	p. 107
The Legacy of the Jesuits in Japan	p. 109
Establishment of Seminaries	p. 109
Churches & the Local Christians	p. 110
Hospitals & Other Works of Charity	p. 110
The City of Nagasaki	p. 110
Portuguese & Dutch Words in Japanese	p. 111
Toward the Era of Persecution	p. 113
The Age of Persecution	p. 114
The Causes of Persecution	p. 115
Moral Factors	p. 115
Religious Factors	p. 117
Political Factors	p. 118
Organized Destruction & Martyrdom	p. 119
Legalized Persecution	p. 122
The Hidden Church	p. 124
Discovery of the Kakure Kirishitans	p. 125
Glimpses of Tenchi, a Kakure Literature	p. 126
Creation	p. 127
The Nativity Story	p. 127
Jesus Betrayed and Crucified	p. 128
Worship in Secret	p. 129
Kirisuto Kyokai: The Arrival of Protestantism in Japan, The Age of Revival & Indigenization A.D. 1853
The Protestant Movement Enters Japan	p. 133
The Period of Meiji Restoration	p. 134
The Impact of Christianity on Japanese-Society	p. 137
The Clash of Cultures	p. 140
Uchimura Kanzo & the Non-church Movement	p. 143
Christianity in Post-War Japan	p. 145
Post-War Modern Japan	p. 145
Post-Modern Japan	p. 146
Analysis & Conclusions, The Age of a New Beginning A.D. 2000
A Brief Summary & Conclusions	p. 151
Conclusions	p. 152
Concerning the Hebrew Origin of Japanese People (Part 1)	p. 152
Concerning the Church of the East & Japan (Part 2)	p. 155
Concerning Roman Catholicism & Japan (Part 3)	p. 159
Concerning the Protestant Church and Japan (Part 4)	p. 161
Concluding Remarks	p. 163
Language	p. 164
Folklore and Religious Traditions	p. 164
Charity Work	p. 164
A Lesson in Missiology & a New Beginning	p. 165
Lessons Yet to Be Learned	p. 168
Rediscovering Japan & Reintroducing Christendom	p. 170
Bibliography	p. 173
Index	p. 177
Bibliographical Information	p. 185
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