Dendrimers in Medicine And Biotechnology

by Boas, U.; Christensen, J. B.; Heegaard, P. M. H.

• ISBN13: 9780854048526
• ISBN10: 0854048529
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-06-30
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Summary

Dendrimers are a new class of macromolecule increasingly used in the fields of synthetic organic chemistry, biology, medicine and biotechnology. Dendrimers in Medicine and Biotechnology: New Molecular Tools looks at this exciting and rapidly growing area of science. Using an interdisciplinary approach with particular emphasis on biological applications, the book discusses the relationship between the dendrimer molecular motif and its biological properties. A general introduction to the subject of dendrimers, including definitions of terms and symbols, is provided. Subsequent sections discuss topics including dendrimers in biological systems, dendrimers as drug delivery devices, dendrimers in diagnostics and dendrimer drugs. Throughout the book, examples from current research are also provided. This book will appeal to a wide range of scientists, including non-specialists who require an introduction to dendrimers, as well as those wishing to know more about the applications of dendrimers in the fields of biology and medicine.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Dendrimers: Design, Synthesis and Chemical Properties	1	(27)
1.1 Introduction	1	(2)
1.2 Terms and Nomenclature in Dendrimer Chemistry	3	(4)
1.3 Dendrimer Design	7	(1)
1.4 Dendrimer Synthesis	8	(8)
1.5 Physicochemical Properties of Dendrimers	16	(8)
1.6 Summary	24	(1)
References	24	(4)
Chapter 2 Properties of Dendrimers in Biological Systems	28	(34)
2.1 Significance of Multivalent Binding in Biological Interactions	28	(4)
2.1.1 Dendritic Effect	29	(1)
2.1.2 Carbohydrate Ligands	30	(2)
2.2 Biocompatibility of Dendrimers	32	(1)
2.3 In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Dendrimers	32	(11)
2.4 In Vivo Cytotoxicity of Dendrimers	43	(3)
2.5 Biopermeability of Dendrimers	46	(9)
2.6 Biodistribution of Dendrimers	55	(2)
2.7 Immunogenicity of Dendrimers	57	(1)
2.8 Summary	57	(2)
References	59	(3)
Chapter 3 Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Devices	62	(28)
3.1 Introduction	62	(1)
3.2 Dendrimer Hosts	63	(13)
3.2.1 Dendrimer Hosts: Non-Specific Interactions with the Dendrimer Core	64	(6)
3.2.2 Dendritic Boxes or Topological Trapping of Guests	70	(1)
3.2.3 Dendrimer Hosts: Specific Interactions with the Dendrimer Core	71	(1)
3.2.4 Dendrimer Hosts: Non-Polar Interactions with the Dendrimer Surface Group	72	(1)
3.2.5 Dendrimer Hosts: Polar Interactions with the Dendrimer Surface Groups	73	(3)
3.3 Covalently Bound Drug-Dendrimer Conjugates	76	(5)
3.3.1 Self-Immolative Systems	79	(2)
3.4 Dendrimers as Gene Transfer Reagents	81	(4)
3.5 Summary	85	(1)
References	85	(5)
Chapter 4 Dendrimer Drugs	90	(40)
4.1 Introduction	90	(1)
4.2 Antiviral Dendrimers	91	(6)
4.3 Antibacterial Dendrimers	97	(6)
4.4 Dendrimers in Antitumour Therapy	103	(3)
4.5 Dendrimers in Therapy of Other Diseases	106	(1)
4.6 Dendrimer-Based Vaccines	107	(12)
4.7 Dendrimer Interactions with Proteins. Solublilisation of Protein Aggregates	119	(4)
4.8 Summary	123	(1)
References	124	(6)
Chapter 5 Dendrimers in Diagnostics	130	(22)
5.1 Contrast Agents based on Dendrimers	130	(3)
5.1.1 Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for CT	131	(1)
5.1.2 Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for MRI	132	(1)
5.1.3 Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Scintigraphy	133	(1)
5.2 Fluorescence Enhanced by Dendrimers	133	(2)
5.3 Dendrimers in Bioassays	135	(14)
5.3.1 Dendrimer-Enhanced Signal Generation	135	(4)
5.3.2 Dendrimers for Amplifying the Covalent Binding Capacity of Solid Phases	139	(2)
5.3.3 Microarray Application of Dendrimers	141	(4)
5.3.4 Fluorophore-Labelled -Dendrimers for Visualisation Purposes	145	(2)
5.3.5 Using Dendrimers to Increase DNA Extraction Yields	147	(1)
5.3.6 Using Dendrimers for direct Detection of Live Bacteria	148	(1)
5.4 Summary	149	(1)
References	149	(3)
Chapter 6 Dendrimers as Biomimics	152	(21)
6.1 Introduction	152	(1)
6.2 Dendrimers as Protein Mimics	153	(8)
6.3 Dendrimers as Artificial Enzymes	161	(6)
6.4 Dendrimers as Artificial Antigens, Cell Surfaces and Antibodies	167	(3)
6.5 Summary	170	(1)
References	171	(2)
Subject Index	173