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9780878403769

Dental Ethics at Chairside: Professional Principles and Practical Applications

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780878403769

  • ISBN10:

    0878403760

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2002-09-01
  • Publisher: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PRESS
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List Price: $44.95

Summary

An essential book for dentists, dental students, and all oral health care providers, this revised, updated, and expanded second edition includes vital, new material.

Author Biography

David T. Ozar, Ph.D., F.A.C.D., is director, Center for Ethics and Social Justice, and professor, Department of Philosophy, Loyola University of Chicago. He is an honorary Fellow of the American College of Dentists. David J. Sokol, D.D.S., J.D., F.A.G.D., is a dentist with many years of private practice experience, and is also in the practice of dental and medical health and malpractice law in Highland Mills, N.Y.

Table of Contents

Preface to Second Edition xiii
Preface xiv
Part One The Dental Profession and Professional Ethics 1(108)
Introduction
3(8)
Ethical Issues in Dental Practice
3(1)
Ethical Questions and Legal Questions
4(1)
Choosing to Be Ethical
5(1)
Published Codes of Conduct and Ethics Committees
5(1)
Habits
6(1)
The Terms Moral and Ethical, Obligation and Principle
7(1)
Do Ethical Questions Have Answers?
8(1)
Sources of Ethical Views and Convictions
8(1)
Who Writes a Book on Dental Ethics?
9(2)
Profession and Professional Obligation
11(16)
Case: Grind it Out!
11(3)
Dentistry as a Profession
14(1)
Dentistry: The Commercial Picture
15(2)
Dentistry: The Normative Picture
17(3)
The Content of Professional Obligations
20(2)
The Introductory Cases
22(1)
Thinking about the Case
23(4)
The Questions of Professional Ethics
27(16)
Case: When Everything Works Right
27(3)
Why This Kind of Case?
30(2)
Obligation
32(1)
Commentary on the Case
33(3)
Nine Categories of Professional Obligation
36(7)
The Chief Client
37(1)
The Ideal Relationship between Dentist and Patient
38(1)
The Central Values of the Dental Profession
38(1)
Competence
38(1)
Sacrifice and the Relative Priority of the Patient's Well-Being
39(1)
Ideal Relationships between Coprofessionals
39(1)
The Relationship between Dentistry and the Larger Community
40(1)
Availability of Services
40(1)
Integrity and Education
40(3)
The Relationship between Patient and Professional
43(20)
Case: The Dreaded Root Canal
43(1)
The Dentist--Patient Relationship
44(2)
Four Models of the Dentist--Patient Relationship
46(6)
The Guild Model
46(2)
The Agent Model
48(1)
The Commercial Model
48(3)
The Interactive Model
51(1)
Autonomy and the Question of Justifiable Paternalism
52(4)
Truth Telling and Informed Consent
56(2)
Thinking about the Case
58(5)
The Central Values of Dental Practice
63(22)
Case: The Cheapest Will Have to Do
63(1)
Studying a Profession's Central Values
64(3)
The Central Values of Dental Practice
67(6)
The Patient's Life and General Health
68(1)
The Patient's Oral Health
68(1)
The Patient's Autonomy
69(1)
The Dentist's Preferred Patterns of Practice
69(2)
Aesthetic Values
71(1)
Efficiency in the Use of Resources
72(1)
Ranking Dentistry's Central Values
73(5)
Thinking about the Case
78(7)
Ethical Decision Making and Conflicting Obligations
85(24)
Case: How Much Sacrifice?
85(3)
Difficult Professional-Ethical Judgments
88(1)
A Model of Professional-Ethical Decision Making
89(2)
Step One: Identifying the Alternatives
89(1)
Step Two: Determining What Is Professionally at Stake
89(1)
Step Three: Determining What Else Is Ethically at Stake
90(1)
Step Four: Determining What Ought to Be Done (Ranking the Alternatives)
90(1)
Sacrifice and the Relative Priority of Patients' Well-Being
91(4)
Conflicting Professional Obligations
95(2)
Conflicts Between Professional and Other Obligations
97(1)
Conscientious Disobedience of Professional Obligations
98(1)
Habits, Moral Reasoning, and Conscience
99(2)
Thinking about the Case
101(7)
Step One: Identifying the Alternatives
102(1)
Step Two: Determining What Is Professionally at Stake
102(3)
Step Three: Determining What Else Is Ethically at Stake
105(1)
Step Four: Determining What Ought to Be Done
106(1)
After Judging: Choosing a Course of Action
107(1)
Transition to Part Two
108(1)
Part Two Ethical Issues in Dental Practice 109(208)
Patients with Compromised Capacity
111(22)
Case: Mrs. Morris's Wonderful Teeth
111(1)
Treatment Decisions for Patients with Compromised Capacity
112(2)
The Role of Parents and Legal Guardians
114(2)
The Capacity for Autonomous Decision Making
116(7)
Dealing with Patients with Partially Compromised Capacity
123(6)
Thinking about the Case
129(4)
Education and Cooperation
133(14)
Case: Fear of Drowning
133(3)
Supporting Patient Education and Cooperation
136(2)
The Ideal Relationship, Respecting Autonomy, and Education
138(1)
Integrity and Education
139(1)
How Much Sacrifice Is Required?
140(2)
Firing the Extremely Noncooperative Patient
142(2)
Thinking about the Case
144(3)
Bad Outcomes and Bad Work
147(32)
Case: Dr. Singer's Vacation
147(2)
Applying Professional Norms to Bad Outcomes
149(1)
When the Patient Is Another Dentist's Patient
150(4)
Three Situations
154(2)
If the Patient Asks in the Third Situation
156(8)
The First and Second Situations Revisited
164(1)
When the Patient Doesn't Ask
165(2)
Calling the Other Dentist
167(2)
When My Patient Has Another Dentist's Bad Outcome
169(1)
When the Bad Outcome or Bad Work Is My Own
170(4)
Thinking about the Case
174(5)
Working Together
179(24)
Two Sets of Gums
179(4)
Collaboration versus the Myth of the Lone Ranger
183(1)
Collaboration between Generalists and Specialists
184(3)
Working Together through Conflict
187(4)
Impaired Dentists
191(1)
Other Collaborators and Other Challenges
192(5)
Thinking about the Case
197(6)
HIV and AIDS in Patients and Dentists
203(24)
Case: Best Friends
203(1)
The Ethical Challenges of HIV and AIDS
204(1)
The Obligation to Accept Risk and Its Limits
205(5)
Caution Beyond the Universal Precautions
210(1)
A Distinctive Pattern of Thinking
211(2)
The HIV Positive Dentist and the Risk to Patients
213(4)
Should Patients Be Informed of the Dentist's HIV Status?
217(4)
Testing Dentists for HIV
221(1)
The Community's Responsibility to Seropositive Practitioners
221(1)
A Dentist's Staff and Seroconversion
222(1)
Thinking about the Case
223(4)
Confidentiality and Patient Records
227(18)
Case: An Unexpected Phone Call
227(3)
The General Obligation of Confidentiality
230(1)
The Health Professions and Confidentiality
231(2)
HIV/AIDS, Confidentiality, and Other Caregivers
233(3)
Confidentiality and Risk to Other Third Parties
236(1)
Legally Mandated Reporting
237(1)
Maintaining Appropriate Records
238(1)
The Era of Electronic Record Keeping
239(3)
Thinking about the Case
242(3)
Social Justice and Access to Dental Care
245(16)
Case: Distributing Health Care Resources
245(1)
Social Justice
246(2)
Basic Needs and the Just Distribution of Dental Care
248(1)
Contribution and Effort as Possible Criteria
249(3)
The Free Market View of Justice
252(3)
Basic Dental Care
255(2)
Thinking about the Case
257(4)
Third-Party Payers and Managed Care
261(16)
Case: But It Will Show!
261(1)
The Arrival of Third-Parry Payers and Managed Care
262(2)
Impact on the Dentist-Patient Relationship
264(3)
Capitation Programs
267(1)
Adequate Treatment
268(2)
The Obligations of Third-Parry Payers and Managed Care Organizations
270(1)
Advocating for Change
271(1)
Thinking about the Case
272(5)
Dentistry as a Business
277(22)
Case: Happy Smiles
277(2)
New Challenges for Dentistry
279(3)
Ethical Advertising
282(5)
The Competitive Spirit and Professional Integrity
287(3)
Different Models and Philosophies of Dental Practice
290(2)
Thinking about the Case
292(7)
The Dental Profession and the Community
299(18)
Case: Professional Organization or Commercial Enterprise
299(2)
The Obligations of the Profession as a Whole
301(4)
Chief Client, Central Values, and Competence
305(2)
More on Competence
307(1)
More on Central Values
308(1)
Relationship to Coprofessionals
309(1)
Availability of Services
309(1)
Integrity and Education, and the Priority of the Patient
310(1)
Thinking about the Case
311(2)
Relationship to the Patient and to the Larger Community
313(2)
Conclusion
315(2)
Bibliographic Essay 317(14)
Index 331

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