Dr. Rajesh Jugulum is a Vice President of the Global Wealth and Investment Division of Bank of America. He is also affiliated with the robust design group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has published several articles in leading technical journals andmagazines and coauthored two books related to Mahalanobis-Taguchi Strategy and Computer-Based Robust Engineering with Dr. Genichi Taguchi, in addition to holding a U.S. patent. He is the recipient of the 2002 American Society for Quality's Feigenbaum Medal and the 2006 International Technology Institute's Rockwell Medal. He was inducted into the World Level of the Hall of Fame for Engineering, Science, and Technology in 2006 and in the same year, was listed in Who's Who in the World by Marquis Who's Who publication board. He was featured as the "Face of Quality" in September 2001 issue of Quality Progress.
Dr. Philip Samuel is the Chief Innovation Officer for the Breakthrough Management Group, a management consulting firm specializing in performance excellence and innovation. He has been active in the management of innovation, design, and operations areas for over twenty years. He has consulted with numerous industrial and governmental organizations including Alberta Research Council, Ameriprise Financial, AXA, Baxter BioScience, BMW, ConocoPhillips, Environment Canada, Hess Corporation, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Johnson Controls, Kaiser Permanente, Merrill Lynch, McKesson, National Research Council of Canada, Rhodia, Schlumberger, Saint-Gobain, and Textron. He holds a PhD from the University of Calgary and an MBA from Arizona State University.
Preface | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xix |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Goal | p. 1 |
Design for Six Sigma - State of the Art | p. 2 |
Approach | p. 3 |
Guide to This Book | p. 7 |
Driving Growth through Innovation | p. 11 |
Delivering on the Promise | p. 11 |
Creating a Better Promise | p. 12 |
Ambidextrous Organization | p. 14 |
Platforms for Growth | p. 17 |
Innovation and Design | p. 18 |
Managing the Paradox of Preservation and Evolution | p. 20 |
Types of Paradoxes | p. 21 |
Conclusions | p. 28 |
Process for Systematic Innovation | p. 29 |
Balanced Innovation Portfolio | p. 30 |
Effective Teams for Collaboration | p. 32 |
Process for Executing Innovation Projects | p. 35 |
Proven Techniques and Tools | p. 38 |
Climate for Innovation | p. 39 |
The Governance System | p. 40 |
Lean Six Sigma Essentials | p. 41 |
Origins of Six Sigma | p. 42 |
Six Sigma Approach | p. 43 |
Origins of Lean | p. 47 |
Lean Six Sigma: Faster, Better, and Cheaper | p. 55 |
Deploying Design for Lean Six Sigma | p. 59 |
Deploying DFLSS | p. 59 |
Design for Lean Six Sigma Enterprise | p. 66 |
Executive Sponsors | p. 67 |
Deployment Champions | p. 68 |
Design Project Champions | p. 68 |
Design Black Belts | p. 68 |
Core Team | p. 68 |
Extended Team | p. 69 |
Building Support Infrastructure | p. 69 |
Capturing the Voice of the Customer | p. 73 |
Defining Elements of Customer-Producer Relationship | p. 75 |
Customer Expectations | p. 78 |
Methods of Collecting Customer Expectations | p. 83 |
Research Ethics | p. 89 |
Design Axioms and Their Usefulness in DFLSS | p. 91 |
Design Axioms | p. 92 |
Domain Thinking | p. 93 |
Designing of MTS Software System | p. 96 |
Designing a System that Will Market Sporting Goods | p. 101 |
Designing a Fan Belt/Pulley System | p. 104 |
Use of Design Principles in an Academic Department | p. 106 |
Mechanical Engineering Department at MIT | p. 106 |
FR-DP Identification | p. 108 |
Actions Taken | p. 109 |
Designing a University System that Will Teach Students Only through the Internet | p. 112 |
Implementing Lean Design | p. 115 |
Key Principles of Lean Design | p. 115 |
Strategies for Maximizing Value and Minimizing Costs and Harm | p. 118 |
Modular Designs | p. 118 |
Value Engineering | p. 122 |
The 3P (Production, Preparation, Process) Approach | p. 123 |
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) | p. 127 |
Introduction to TRIZ | p. 127 |
TRIZ Journey | p. 129 |
TRIZ Road Map | p. 129 |
Ideality Equation | p. 131 |
Itself Method | p. 132 |
TRIZ Analysis Tools | p. 132 |
TRIZ Database Tools | p. 139 |
Case Examples of TRIZ | p. 147 |
Improving the Process of Fluorination | p. 147 |
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Support Problem | p. 152 |
Robustness through Inventions | p. 157 |
What Is a Robustness Invention? | p. 159 |
Research Methodology | p. 160 |
Results of the Patent Search | p. 161 |
Robust Invention Classification Scheme | p. 161 |
Signal-based-Robust Invention | p. 163 |
Response-based Robust Invention | p. 165 |
Noise-factor-based Robust Invention | p. 167 |
Control-factor-based Robust Invention | p. 169 |
Design for Robustness | p. 171 |
Engineered Quality | p. 171 |
Evaluation of the Function Using Energy Transformation | p. 173 |
Studying the Interactions between Control and Noise Factors | p. 174 |
Use of Orthogonal Arrays (OAs) and Signal-to-Noise Ratios to Improve Robustness | p. 174 |
Two-step Optimization | p. 174 |
Tolerance Design Using Quality Loss Function | p. 174 |
Additional Topics in Designing for Robustness | p. 175 |
Parameter Diagram (P-diagram) | p. 175 |
Design of Experiments | p. 176 |
Signal-to-Noise (S/N) Ratios | p. 178 |
Role of Simulations in Design for Robustness | p. 179 |
Example - Circuit Stability Design | p. 180 |
Control Factors and Noise Factors | p. 181 |
Parameter Design | p. 182 |
PCB Drilled-hole Quality Improvement | p. 184 |
Introduction | p. 185 |
Drilled-hole Quality Characteristics | p. 186 |
Background | p. 186 |
Hole-quality Standard | p. 187 |
Experiment Description | p. 190 |
Selection of Levels for These Factors | p. 191 |
Designing the Experiment | p. 192 |
Predictions and Confirmation Run | p. 195 |
Benefits | p. 196 |
Design of a Valveless Micropump Using Taguchi Methods | p. 197 |
Introduction | p. 197 |
Working Principle and Finite Element Modeling | p. 199 |
Design for Robustness | p. 200 |
Conclusions | p. 208 |
Robust System Testing | p. 209 |
Introduction | p. 209 |
A Typical System Used in Testing | p. 210 |
Role of the Orthogonal Arrays | p. 211 |
Method of Software Testing | p. 212 |
Study of Two-factor Combinations | p. 213 |
Construction of Combination Tables | p. 213 |
MTS Software Testing (Case Study 1) | p. 215 |
Case Study 2 | p. 219 |
Analysis of Results | p. 221 |
Debugging the Software | p. 221 |
Conclusions | p. 223 |
Development of Multivariate Measurement System Using the Mahalanobis-Taguchi Strategy | p. 225 |
What Is Mahalanobis-Taguchi Strategy? | p. 226 |
Stages in MTS | p. 229 |
Signal-to-Noise Ratio - A Measure of Prediction Accuracy | p. 231 |
Types of S/N Ratios in MTS | p. 232 |
Medical Case Study | p. 234 |
Stage 1: Development of Measurement Scale Using Mahalanobis Space | p. 234 |
Stage 2: Validation of the Measurement Scale | p. 235 |
Stage 3: Identification of Useful Variables (Development Stage) | p. 236 |
Case Example 2: Auto Marketing Case Study | p. 240 |
Introduction | p. 240 |
Construction of Mahalanobis Space | p. 241 |
Validation of the Measurement Scale | p. 241 |
Identification of Useful Variables | p. 242 |
Case Study 3: Improving Client Experience | p. 245 |
Methodology | p. 245 |
Improvements Made Based on Recommendations from MTS Analysis | p. 246 |
Improvement of the Utility Rate of Nitrogen while Brewing Soy Sauce | p. 247 |
Introduction | p. 247 |
Process of Producing Soy Sauce or Tamari | p. 248 |
Selection of Factors for MTS Application | p. 248 |
MTS for Aging | p. 249 |
MTS for Koji-molding | p. 249 |
Application of MTS for Measuring Oil in Water Emulsion | p. 250 |
Introduction | p. 250 |
Application of MTS | p. 251 |
Prediction of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) from Repetitive Annual Health Check-up Data | p. 252 |
Introduction | p. 252 |
Diabetes Mellitus | p. 253 |
Application of MTS | p. 253 |
References | p. 255 |
Appendixes | p. 263 |
TRIZ Contradiction Matrix | p. 265 |
40 TRIZ Inventive Principles | p. 267 |
Some Useful Orthogonal Arrays | p. 269 |
Equations for Signal-to-noise (S/N) Ratios | p. 277 |
Related Topics of Matrix Theory | p. 281 |
Index | p. 287 |
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