Design in Reading : An Introduction to Critical Reading

by Garrigus, Richmond

• ISBN13: 9780205278985
• ISBN10: 0205278981
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Intended for the advanced reading course, "DESIGN IN READING" focuses heavily on purpose, inference, and critical reading. Its coverage of organizational patterns is second to none. After a review of the basics of critical reading--including main idea and supporting details-readers practice recognizing and mapping organizational patterns. Contextual vocabulary coverage is included throughout the book. Paragraphs and short passages used in examples and exercises are drawn from contemporary sources, as well as college textbooks from across the disciplines. The book uses pattern mapping throughout as a heuristic to help readers understand the various organizational structures that authors employ. Integrated throughout the book is instruction on higher-level critical thinking skills, such as drawing inferences, evaluating evidence, recognizing propaganda and bias, and identifying logical fallacies. For those interested in developing their reading skills.

Table of Contents

To the Instructor	xv	(7)
To the Student	xxii
PART I READING FOR INFORMATION	1	(138)
1 The Elements of Reading	3	(34)
Chapter Preview	3	(1)
Topical Organization	4	(1)
READING: The Hominids	5	(6)
Cecie Starr
Main Ideas	11	(6)
Supporting Details	17	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	18	(5)
Using Signals to Locate Main Ideas	23	(3)
Questions	23	(1)
Directional Shifts	24	(2)
Eight Kinds of Ideas	26	(8)
Description/Support	27	(1)
Comparison/Contrast	27	(1)
Time Sequence	28	(1)
Cause/Effect	28	(1)
Classification	28	(1)
Whole/Part	29	(1)
Problem/Solution	29	(1)
Opinion/Reason	29	(5)
Chapter Review	34	(1)
Reading Portfolio An Ongoing Term Activity	35	(2)
2 Patterns of Development	37	(35)
Chapter Preview	37	(1)
Pattern Elements and Signal Words	38	(1)
Divided Main Ideas	39	(2)
Eight Patterns: Transitions and Development	41	(19)
Description/Support	41	(1)
Comparison/Contrast	42	(1)
Time Sequence	43	(1)
Cause/Effect	44	(1)
Classification	45	(1)
Whole/Part	46	(1)
Problem/Solution	47	(1)
Opinion/Reason	48	(12)
Paragraphs and Paragraph Units	60	(8)
Chapter Review	68	(2)
Reading Portfolio Developing a Filing System	70	(2)
3 Making Inferences	72	(34)
Chapter Preview	72	(1)
Inferring and Implying	73	(1)
READING: Ildefonso	73	(4)
Susan Schaller
Using Inference to Complete Main Idea Patterns	77	(3)
Inference in Literature	80	(1)
READING: Fear	80	(3)
Gary Soto
Inference in Context Vocabulary	83	(1)
READING: Saved	83	(11)
Malcolm X
Similarity Clues	88	(1)
Contrast Clues	88	(1)
Example or Instance Clues	89	(1)
Situation Clues	90	(4)
Implied Main Ideas	94	(5)
READING: Tasha's Story	99	(5)
Linda Ellerbee
Chapter Review	104	(1)
Reading Portfolio "Mad Sad Glad"	105	(1)
4 Mastering Factual Information	106	(33)
Chapter Preview	106	(1)
Study Skills: Organizing and Retaining Information	107	(1)
Previewing WHIP SMART: Tricks of the Trade for Better Grades	108	(2)
Lamar Graham
Getting on Track	108	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	109	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	110	(1)
READING: WHIP SMART: Tricks of the Trade for Better Grades	110	(11)
Lamar Graham
The Art of Summarizing	121	(3)
READING: Latchkey Children	124	(4)
Lester Lefton
The Technique of Paraphrasing	128	(8)
Chapter Review	136	(1)
Reading Portfolio An Information Article	136	(3)
PART II FROM INFORMATION TO PROOF	139	(230)
5 Facts, Opinions, and Beliefs	141	(47)
Chapter Preview	141	(1)
Representing Factual Information through Graphics	142	(14)
Tables	144	(2)
Graphs	146	(5)
Charts	151	(4)
Maps	155	(1)
Distinguishing Fact, Opinion, and Belief	156	(6)
Evaluating Evidence	162	(4)
Giving Support to Opinions	166	(1)
Previewing The Great American Vandal	167	(9)
John Keats
Getting on Track	166	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	166	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	167	(1)
READING: The Great American Vandal	167	(9)
John Keats
Purpose and Tone	176	(3)
Frames of Reference	179	(1)
Previewing from Part One: Southern Night	180	(1)
Richard Wright
Getting on Track	180	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	180	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	181	(1)
READING: From Part One: Southern Night	181	(4)
Richard Wright
Chapter Review	185	(2)
Reading Portfolio Evaluating Fact, Opinion, and Belief	187	(1)
6 Description and Support	188	(37)
Chapter Preview	188	(1)
Descriptive Statements	189	(1)
READING: What Are the Characteristics of Successful Students?	189	(3)
David Schultz
Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 1	192	(1)
Emotional Appeals and Logical Fallacies	192	(2)
Name-Calling	193	(1)
Glittering Generalities	193	(1)
Hasty Generalization	193	(1)
Description and Support: Beyond the Paragraph	194	(2)
Previewing A Man of Fire and Grace: Arthur Ashe 1943-1993	196	(1)
Paul A. Witteman
Getting on Track	196	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	196	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	196	(1)
READING: A Man of Fire and Grace: Arthur Ashe 1943-1993	197	(6)
Paul A. Witteman
Previewing Living Up to Barbie's Standards Haunts Girls	203	(1)
Anna Quindlen
Getting on Track	203	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	203	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	203	(1)
READING: Living Up to Barbie's Standards Haunts Girls	204	(5)
Anna Quindlen
Previewing Their Fight for Freedom at Home	209	(1)
Neil Henry
Getting on Track	209	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	209	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	209	(1)
READING: Their Fight for Freedom at Home	209	(9)
Neil Henry
Word Parts 1: Unlocking the Meaning of Words	218	(4)
Chapter Review	222	(2)
Reading Portfolio A Profile Article	224	(1)
7 Time Sequence	225	(30)
Chapter Preview	225	(2)
Time Sequence: Narrative History	227	(1)
Previewing Civilize Them with a Stick	227	(1)
Mary Crow Dog
Getting on Track	227	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	228	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	228	(1)
READING: Civilize Them with a Stick	228	(9)
Mary Crow Dog
Time Sequence: Origins	237	(1)
Previewing Kleenex Tissues: 1924, United States	237	(1)
Charles Panati
Getting on Track	237	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	238	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	238	(1)
READING: Kleenex Tissues: 1924, United States	238	(5)
Charles Panati
Word Parts 2: Time Indicators	243	(2)
"How To": Process	245	(1)
Previewing Fixing Leaks	245	(1)
David Mas Masumoto
Getting on Track	245	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	245	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	246	(1)
READING: Fixing Leaks	246	(6)
David Mas Masumoto
Chapter Review	252	(2)
Reading Portfolio A Time Sequence Article	254	(1)
8 Cause and Effect	255	(31)
Chapter Preview	255	(1)
Pattern Variation in Cause and Effect	256	(4)
Cause and Effect: Articles for Analysis	260	(1)
Previewing A Spoonful of Sugar	260	(1)
Mary Hegarty Nowlan
Elizabeth Hiser
Marsha Hudnall
Getting on Track	260	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	260	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	261	(1)
READING: A Spoonful of Sugar	261	(6)
Mary Hegarty Nowlan
Elizabeth Hiser
Marsha Hudnall
Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 2	267	(1)
Previewing Organizer Reduces Life to a Book	268	(1)
Betsy Bates
Getting on Track	268	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	268	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	269	(1)
READING: Organizer Reduces Life to a Book	269	(5)
Betsy Bates
The Faulty Causation Fallacy	274	(1)
"How To": Advice	275	(1)
Previewing Does Your Body-Talk Do You In?	276	(1)
Dianne Hales
Dr. Robert Hales
Getting on Track	276	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	276	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	276	(1)
READING: Does Your Body-Talk Do You In?	276	(7)
Dianne Hales
Dr. Robert Hales
Chapter Review	283	(1)
Reading Portfolio A Cause/Effect Article	284	(2)
9 Patterns of Analysis	286	(49)
Chapter Preview	286	(2)
Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 3	288	(1)
SECTION ONE: CLASSIFICATION	289	(1)
Previewing U.S. Census Fuels Great Debate	290	(1)
Betty Liu Ebron
Getting on Track	290	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	290	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	290	(1)
READING: U.S. Census Fuels Great Debate	291	(5)
Betty Liu Ebron
Classification: Identification and Subdivision	296	(1)
Previewing How to Survive a Sicko Supervisor	297	(1)
Monte Williams
Getting on Track	297	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	297	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	297	(1)
READING: How to Survive a Sicko Supervisor	297	(9)
Monte Williams
Fallacies Related to Classification	306	(4)
Inductive Reasoning	306	(1)
Deductive Reasoning	306	(1)
Hasty Generalization	307	(1)
Guilt by Association	308	(1)
Cross-Classification	308	(2)
SECTION TWO: WHOLE/PART STRUCTURE	310	(1)
Whole/Part: Physical Structure	310	(1)
Previewing The Spear	310	(1)
Victor Davis Hanson
Getting on Track	310	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	310	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	311	(1)
READING: The Spear	311	(8)
Victor Davis Hanson
Whole/Part: Nonphysical Structure	319	(1)
Previewing Marriage as a Group Effort	319	(2)
Dympna Ugwu-Oju
Getting on Track	319	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	319	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	320	(1)
READING: Marriage as a Group Effort	321	(8)
Dympna Ugwu-Oju
Word Parts 3: Space and Structure Relationships	329	(2)
Chapter Review	331	(2)
Reading Portfolio Classification or Whole/Part Analysis	333	(2)
10 Comparison and Contrast	335	(34)
Chapter Preview	335	(1)
Comparison and Contrast: Fact and Opinion	336	(1)
Previewing Stop the Clock	337	(1)
Amy Wu
Getting on Track	337	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	337	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	338	(1)
READING: Stop the Clock	338	(6)
Amy Wu
Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Analogy	344	(4)
Simile	345	(1)
Metaphor	345	(1)
Analogy	345	(3)
Word Parts 4: Comparison and Contrast	348	(3)
Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 4	350	(1)
Comparison and Contrast: Culture and Identity	351	(1)
Previewing Lalita Mashi	351	(1)
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Getting on Track	351	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	351	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	352	(1)
READING: Lalita Mashi	352	(11)
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Comparison and Contrast: Fallacies and Emotional Appeals	363	(3)
False Analogy	363	(1)
Either/Or Thinking	364	(1)
Transfer	364	(1)
Testimonial	365	(1)
Chapter Review	366	(2)
Reading Portfolio Comparison and Contrast	368	(1)
PART III PERSUASION TO ACTION	369	(108)
11 Problems and Solutions	371	(32)
Chapter Preview	371	(1)
Pattern Elements in Problem/Solution	372	(2)
Components in Problem/Solution Analysis	374	(2)
Truth Component	375	(1)
Value Component	376	(1)
Action/Decision Component	376	(1)
Problem Area: Educating America's Children	376	(1)
Reference Frameworks: Public Issues and Political Positions	377	(1)
Previewing Link between After-School Hours, Teen Mischief Bears Notice	378	(1)
Ellen Goodman
Getting on Track	378	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	378	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	378	(1)
READING: Link between After-School Hours, Teen Mischief Bears Notice	379	(6)
Ellen Goodman
Previewing Reasons Many for Black Students' Scores	385	(1)
William Raspberry
Getting on Track	385	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	385	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	385	(1)
READING: Reasons Many for Black Students' Scores	386	(7)
William Raspberry
Problem and Solution: Humor and Irony	393	(1)
Previewing Pounded by Gravity? Lighten Up	393	(1)
Dave Barry
Getting on Track	393	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	393	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	394	(1)
READING: Pounded by Gravity? Lighten Up	394	(4)
Dave Barry
Problem/Solution: Two Potential Fallacies	398	(1)
Chapter Review	399	(2)
Reading Portfolio A Problem/Solution Article	401	(2)
12 Opinions and Reasons	403	(35)
Chapter Preview	403	(1)
Pattern Elements in Opinion/Reason	404	(2)
Reading between the Lines	406	(1)
Fallacies Common to Opinion/Reason	407	(1)
Begging the Question	407	(1)
Card Stacking	408	(1)
Opinion/Reason Issue Area 1: Personal Freedoms	408	(1)
Previewing Zipped Lips	408	(1)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Getting on Track	408	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	409	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	409	(1)
READING: Zipped Lips	409	(8)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Opinion/Reason Issue Area 2: Education	417	(1)
Previewing All A's Are Not Equal	417	(1)
Albert Shanker
Getting on Track	417	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	417	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	418	(1)
READING: All A's Are Not Equal	418	(5)
Albert Shanker
Previewing In Praise of the "F" Word	423	(1)
Mary Sherry
Getting on Track	423	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	424	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	424	(1)
READING: In Praise of the "F" Word	424	(7)
Mary Sherry
Opinion/Reason in Editorial Cartoons	431	(4)
Chapter Review	435	(2)
Reading Portfolio Opinion/Reason Article	437	(1)
13 Detecting Disinformation	438	(39)
Chapter Preview	438	(1)
Manipulation in Advertising	439	(1)
Previewing How to Analyze an Ad	439	(1)
Phil Sudo
Getting on Track	439	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	439	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	440	(1)
READING: How to Analyze an Ad	440	(5)
Phil Sudo
Fairness in Advertising	445	(1)
Previewing Selling to School Kids from Consumer Reports	445	(1)
Getting on Track	445	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	445	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	445	(1)
READING: Selling to School Kids from Consumer Reports	446	(9)
Beyond the Bounds: Bogus Offers	455	(1)
Previewing Beware of GUARANTEED Sweepstake Winners	455	(1)
Sharon Walsh
Getting on Track	455	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	455	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	455	(1)
READING: Beware of GUARANTEED Sweepstakes Winners	456	(4)
Sharon Walsh
Behind the Mask: Deceit in Relationships	460	(1)
Previewing Stop the Manipulative Trickery	460	(1)
Faith Nitschke
Getting on Track	460	(1)
Preview Vocabulary	460	(1)
Tracking the Main Idea	461	(1)
READING: Stop the Manipulative Trickery	461
Faith Nitschke