Design Rules for Actuators in Active Mechanical Systems

by Gomis-bellmunt, Oriol; Campanile, Flavio

• ISBN13: 9781848826137
• ISBN10: 1848826133
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-10-26
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

In active mechanical systems (mechanisms or structures) the possibility of a coupling between active and passive elements at an early stage of the design process is becoming more and more significant. In order to integrate actuators in preliminary design procedures, or in a multidisciplinary optimization approach, reliable models of the actuator performance (actuator force and stroke, loading curves, strength limit, volume and mass specific work and power, frequency range, efficiency) as a function of the design parameters and variables (actuator principle, size of the actuator element) are necessary. Design Rules for Actuators in Active Mechanical Systems deals with the formulation of model-based design rules to be used in the conception of optimized mechatronic and adaptronic systems. The book addresses the comparison of different actuator classes for given applications and offers answers to the following questions:'¢ What is the relationship between actuator geometry and primary output quantities?'¢ How scalable are actuators based on the same principle?'¢ How are energetic output quantities (work and power) related to mechanical load and geometry?'¢ How should actuators be designed and sized to obtain the best performance for the chosen actuator kind, and for a given application?Design Rules for Actuators in Active Mechanical Systems will be of use to industry professionals, such as actuator and machine designers, as well as to researchers and students of mechanical engineering, mechatronics, and electrical engineering.

Table of Contents

Introductory Remarks
Actuator Principles and Classification	p. 3
Actuator Principles	p. 5
Electromagnetic Actuators	p. 5
Fluid Power Actuators	p. 11
Piezoelectric Actuators	p. 13
Thermal Shape Memory Alloy Actuators	p. 20
Other Actuators	p. 22
Solid-State versus Conventional Actuation	p. 25
References	p. 27
Actuator Design Analysis	p. 29
Nature and Objectives of Actuator Design Analysis	p. 29
Performance Indexes	p. 33
Design Parameters	p. 36
Geometrical Factors	p. 37
Aspect Ratios	p. 40
Filling Factors	p. 41
Output Quantities	p. 43
Output Quantities Expression	p. 43
Steady-State Analysis	p. 45
Thresholds	p. 48
Maximum Target Quantity for a Given Size	p. 50
Output Mechanical Quantities Maximization	p. 51
Other Quantities	p. 53
Scalability	p. 54
Dimensional Analysis	p. 55
The Buckingham Pi Theorem	p. 55
Non-Dimensional Numbers	p. 59
Validation	p. 61
Prototype Construction	p. 61
Industrial Actuators	p. 61
Simulation	p. 62
Considerations on Actuators Dynamics	p. 71
Dynamical Analysis	p. 71
Control System	p. 73
References	p. 78
Conventional Actuators
Design Analysis of Solenoid Actuators	p. 81
Design Parameters	p. 81
Output Quantities	p. 82
Thresholds	p. 84
Maximum Output Quantities	p. 86
Scalability	p. 90
Dimensional Analysis	p. 92
Finite Element Analysis	p. 94
Comparison with Industrial Actuators	p. 96
Dynamics	p. 102
System Modeling	p. 102
Open Loop Simulation	p. 103
Control Design	p. 103
Closed Loop Simulation	p. 105
References	p. 109
Design Analysis of Moving Coil Actuators	p. 111
Design Parameters	p. 111
Output Quantities	p. 111
Thresholds	p. 114
Maximum Output Quantities	p. 114
Scalability	p. 116
Dimensional Analysis	p. 116
Finite Element Analysis	p. 118
Comparison with Industrial Actuators	p. 120
Dynamics	p. 120
System Modeling	p. 120
Control Design	p. 126
Closed Loop Simulation	p. 127
References	p. 131
Design Analysis of Hydraulic Actuators	p. 133
Design Parameters	p. 133
Force-Stroke and Work-Stroke Characteristic	p. 133
Thresholds	p. 135
Maximum Force, Stroke and Work	p. 136
Forward Motion	p. 136
Backward Motion	p. 136
Considering Forward and Backward Motion	p. 138
Stroke and Work	p. 139
Scalability	p. 141
Dimensional Analysis	p. 141
Industrial Actuators	p. 141
Dynamics	p. 142
System Modeling	p. 143
Open Loop Simulation	p. 145
References	p. 153
Solid-State Actuators
Design Principles for Linear, Axial Solid-State Actuators	p. 157
Complexity Levels in Modeling Solid-State Actuators	p. 157
Limits and Advantages of a Linear Theory of Solid-State Actuation Based on Prescribed Induced Strain	p. 158
Theory of Single-Stroke Linear Solid-State Actuators	p. 159
Definitions and Symbols	p. 159
Free Stroke and Blocking Force	p. 164
Actuator Coupled with a Linear Elastic Structure	p. 165
Activation Boundary	p. 167
Strength Boundary	p. 168
Stroke Work	p. 168
Hybrid Actuators	p. 174
Design Principles and Rules	p. 176
Actuator Performance as a Function of Geometry	p. 176
The Stiffness-Matching Paradigm	p. 181
Design of Hybrid Actuators	p. 183
Solid-state Actuator in a Compliant Frame	p. 183
The Actuator's Own Stiffness as a Design Requirement	p. 190
Coupled Design of Actuator and Host Structure	p. 192
Simultaneous Optimization of Actuator Position and Geometry	p. 194
Extension to the Dynamic Case	p. 195
Work Produced by a Solid-State Actuator in Cyclic Operation	p. 195
Maximum Cycle Work and Power Output	p. 198
Design Principles and Rules for the Dynamic Case	p. 200
References	p. 200
Index	p. 203
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.