Designing and Managing Programs

by Kettner, Peter M.; Moroney, Robert M.; Martin, Lawrence L.

• ISBN13: 9780761915485
• ISBN10: 0761915486
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-02-01
• Publisher: Sage Pubns

Summary

The Second Edition of Designing and Managing Programs takes the reader through the process of setting up and administering any kind of welfare initiative. Several sections have been enhanced with more targeted examples and illustrations, and the book incorporates budgeting systems.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Part I. Assessing Current Practices
Contemporary Issues in Social Service Program Planning and Administration	3	(18)
The Era of Accountability	3	(2)
The Issue of Effectiveness	5	(1)
What Is Effectiveness-Based Program Planning?	6	(1)
Using Effectiveness Principles to Understand Existing Programs	7	(14)
Part II. Problem Analysis/Needs Assessment
Understanding Social Problems	21	(12)
Stating Problems as Solutions	22	(3)
The Need for a New Approach	25	(1)
Identifying a Social Condition	25	(1)
Defining Problems	26	(2)
Frameworks for Problem Analysis	28	(5)
Needs Assessment: Theoretical Considerations	33	(16)
The Concept of Need	33	(1)
Theoretical Understandings of Need	34	(1)
Needs Assessment and the Planning Process	35	(2)
Factors Influencing the Definition of Need	37	(2)
Different Perspectives on Need	39	(6)
Need Categories and the Planning Process	45	(1)
Determining Who Is in Need	46	(3)
Needs Assessment: Approaches to Measurement	49	(24)
Extrapolating From Existing Studies (Normative Need)	49	(5)
Using Resource Inventories (Normative Need)	54	(2)
Using Service Statistics (Expressed Need)	56	(4)
Conducting a Social Survey (Perceived Need)	60	(2)
Holding a Public Forum (Perceived Need)	62	(2)
Selecting the Best Method	64	(1)
Approaches Useful for Locating Concentrations of High-Risk Groups	64	(5)
Concluding Comments on Needs Assessment	69	(4)
Part III. Planning, Designing, and Tracking the Intervention
Selecting the Appropriate Intervention Strategy	73	(16)
The Program Hypothesis	73	(1)
A Maternal and Child Health Example	74	(2)
Types of Program Hypotheses	76	(4)
The Process of Developing a Program Hypothesis	80	(3)
Program Hypotheses and the Idea of Consequences	83	(2)
From Program Hypothesis to Service	85	(4)
Setting Goals and Objectives	89	(22)
From Program Hypothesis to Goals and Objectives	89	(5)
The Function of a Mission Statement	94	(1)
The Formulation of Goals	95	(2)
The Formulation of Objectives	97	(1)
Requirements for All Objectives	97	(5)
Outcome Objectives	102	(3)
Prcess Objectives and Activities	105	(2)
Activities	107	(4)
Designing Effective Programs	111	(28)
The Significance of Program Design	111	(1)
Designing the Elements of a System	112	(1)
Defining the Elements of a Program	113	(21)
The Relationship Between Objectives and System Components	134	(5)
Building a Management Information System	139	(34)
Documentation Practices in Social Services	139	(1)
Building an Effectiveness-Based Management Information System	140	(1)
Designing a New Management Information System	141	(25)
Utilizing Data From an Existing System	166	(7)
Part IV. Calculating the Costs and Value of the Intervention
Line-Item, Functional, and Program Budgeting Systems	173	(32)
Types of Budgeting Systems	173	(4)
Line-Item Budgeting Systems	177	(3)
The Link Between Line-Item Budgeting and Functional or Program Budgeting	180	(17)
Functional Budgeting Systems	197	(3)
Program Budgeting Systems	200	(5)
Budgeting for Control, Management, and Planning	205	(10)
The Principal Purposes of Budgeting	205	(2)
Budgeting and the Systems Framework	207	(1)
Models of the Budgetary Process	208	(3)
Budget Reductions and Increases	211	(2)
Budgeting in Social Service Agencies Today	213	(1)
Which Budgeting System Is Best?	214	(1)
Performance Measurement, Monitoring, and Program Evaluation	215	(24)
Feedback and Self-Learning Systems	216	(1)
Performance Measurement	216	(2)
Monitoring	218	(1)
Program Evaluation	219	(1)
Program Impact Evaluation and Hypothesis Testing	220	(3)
Program Data Requirements	223	(4)
Performance Measurement, Monitoring, Program Evaluation, and Program Data	227	(1)
A Case Study of a Job Training Program	227	(4)
Impact Performance Evaluations	231	(6)
The Utility Performance Measurement, Monitoring, and Program Evaluation	237	(1)
A Concluding Comment	238	(1)
Appendix---Line-Item, Functional, and Program Budgeting Systems: A Case Example	239	(10)
Implementing a Combined Functional and Program Budgeting System	239	(10)
References	249	(4)
Index	253	(8)
About the Authors	261