Developing Distributed and E-Commerce Applications + CD

by Ince, Darrel

• ISBN13: 9780321154224
• ISBN10: 0321154223
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

The growth of interest in distributed systems which address the business needs of companies, and which use network technology primarily the technology employed in the internet - has been dramatic. This book describes the development of the new technologies that have emerged or have matured over recent years, such as web servers, CORBA, HTML, XML and Java. It looks in particular at more challenging applications where major problems in performance and reliability need to be addressed. Using a bottom-up approach, the book discusses client/servers and distributed development paradigms before moving on to more specific technologies that are examples of these concepts. The final part of the book covers advanced topics, such as internet security, concurrency, agents, and ubiquitous/mobile computing.

Author Biography

Darrel Ince is Professor of Computing at the Open University.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Acknowledgements	xxi
1 An Introduction to E-commerce and Distributed Applications	1	(36)
1 Introduction	2	(4)
1.1 What this book is about	2	(1)
1.2 The audience for this book	3	(1)
1.3 The features of the book	3	(1)
1.4 The technology used in the book	4	(1)
1.5 Commerce and the Internet	4	(2)
2 E-commerce applications	6	(9)
2.1 An example -supply chain management	6	(2)
2.2 E-tailing	8	(2)
2.3 Procurement	10	(1)
2.4 Auction sites	11	(1)
2.5 Other commercial Web sites	11	(3)
2.6 Search engines	14	(1)
3 The facilities of the Internet	15	(4)
3.1 The World Wide Web	15	(1)
3.2 FTP	16	(1)
3.3 E-mail	17	(1)
3.4 News groups	17	(1)
3.5 Mailing lists	18	(1)
4 Issues and problems in e-commerce development	19	(8)
4.1 Legacy technology	19	(3)
4.2 Security and privacy	22	(2)
4.3 Programming and abstraction	24	(1)
4.4 The speed of development	25	(1)
4.5 Structure and data	25	(1)
4.6 Problems with transactions	26	(1)
4.7 Design	26	(1)
5 A distributed system	27	(3)
5.1 The application	27	(1)
5.2 The architecture	28	(1)
5.3 The Sydney Olympic Games system	29	(1)
6 Internet business models	30	(6)
6.1 What is a business model?	30	(1)
6.2 Business models	31	(5)
7 Further reading	36	(1)
References	36	(1)
2 The Internet and TCP/IP	37	(18)
1 Introduction	38	(1)
2 Open systems	38	(1)
3 Network concepts	39	(11)
3.1 Network topologies	39	(2)
3.2 Layered models	41	(1)
3.3 The Internet	42	(3)
3.4 Internet addresses	45	(2)
3.5 Domain names and naming	47	(2)
3.6 Clients and servers	49	(1)
3.7 Ports and sockets	49	(1)
4 Network programming in Java	50	(4)
4.1 The socket class	51	(1)
4.2 The Server Socket class	52	(2)
5 Summary	54	(1)
6 Further reading	54	(1)
References	54	(1)
3 Clients and Servers	55	(24)
1 Introduction	56	(1)
2 Servers	56	(5)
2.1 Types of server	56	(3)
2.2 Tiered architectures	59	(2)
3 Middleware	61	(2)
3.1 Message-oriented middleware	62	(1)
4 Protocols	63	(4)
4.1 A simple application protocol	64	(1)
4.2 The POPS protocol	65	(1)
4.3 The Secure Sockets Layer	66	(1)
4.4 Stacks and hierarchy	67	(1)
5 Internal and external services	67	(4)
5.1 Introduction	67	(1)
5.2 File services	67	(2)
5.3 Naming services	69	(1)
5.4 Directory services	69	(1)
5.5 Timing services	69	(1)
5.6 Replication services	70	(1)
5.7 Transaction services	70	(1)
5.8 Concurrency control services	70	(1)
5.9 Security services	71	(1)
5.10 External services	71	(1)
6 Enterprise frameworks	71	(6)
6.1 Introduction	71	(1)
6.2 Features	72	(1)
6.3 The J2EE framework	73	(3)
6.4 The Net framework	76	(1)
7 Why client-server?	77	(1)
8 Summary	77	(1)
9 Further reading	78	(1)
References	78	(1)
4 Distributed Paradigms	79	(22)
1 Introduction	80	(1)
2 Message passing	80	(4)
2.1 Protocols	80	(2)
2.2 Fixed and adaptive protocols	82	(1)
2.3 Synchronous and asynchronous message passing	83	(1)
2.4 The message passing idea	83	(1)
3 Distributed objects technology	84	(2)
4 Event-based bus architectures	86	(6)
4.1 Introduction	86	(1)
4.2 Architectures	87	(2)
4.3 A commercial implementation	89	(3)
5 Remote procedure call	92	(2)
5.1 Introduction	92	(1)
5.2 Features of RPC	92	(1)
5.3 RPC systems	93	(1)
6 Tupte architecture	94	(5)
6.1 Introduction	94	(2)
6.2 An example	96	(3)
7 Further reading	99	(1)
References	100	(1)
5 Database Servers	101	(27)
1 Introduction	102	(1)
2 Relational databases	102	(1)
3 SQL	103	(3)
4 Database servers	106	(4)
4.1 Functions	106	(1)
4.2 Stored procedures	107	(1)
4.3 Referential integrity	108	(1)
4.4 Relational middleware	109	(1)
5 Distributed databases	110	(3)
5.1 Introduction	110	(1)
5.2 Problems with distributed data	111	(1)
5.3 Types of distribution	112	(1)
6 Programming databases	113	(11)
6.1 The basic classes	113	(1)
6.2 Processing steps	114	(5)
6.3 Some support classes	119	(1)
6.4 Prepared statements	120	(1)
6.5 Callable statements	121	(1)
6.6 Metadata	122	(2)
7 Object to database mapping	124	(1)
8 The anatomy of a database server	125	(2)
8.1 Setting up the server	125	(1)
8.2 Monitoring the server	126	(1)
8.3 Programming	126	(1)
9 Summary	127	(1)
10 Further reading	127	(1)
References	127	(1)
6 Web Servers and the World Wide Web	128	(52)
1 Introduction	129	(1)
2 Browsers and HTML	129	(18)
2.1 Markup languages	129	(2)
2.2 An example	131	(1)
2.3 Components of HTML	132	(1)
2.4 Anchors and links	133	(4)
2.5 Forms	137	(3)
2.6 Tables	140	(2)
2.7 Cascading Style Sheets	142	(2)
2.8 Web site design	144	(3)
2.9 The evolution of the Web	147	(1)
3 How Web servers work	147	(6)
3.1 HTTP	148	(2)
3.2 Status codes	150	(1)
3.3 The Common Gateway Interface	151	(1)
3.4 Logging	152	(1)
4 Administering a Web server	153	(1)
5 Client-side Web programming	154	(3)
5.1 Applets	154	(1)
5.2 Applets and security	155	(1)
5.3 Developing applets	155	(2)
5.4 The differences between applets and applications	157	(1)
6 JavaScript	157	(17)
6.1 Introduction	157	(3)
6.2 Operators	160	(1)
6.3 Control structures	160	(1)
6.4 Arrays	161	(1)
6.5 Some larger JavaScript programs	162	(2)
6.6 JavaScript objects	164	(2)
6.7 Functions	166	(1)
6.8 Access to Web documents	167	(7)
7 Accessing Web sites	174	(1)
8 The Apache Web server	175	(2)
9 An example of a rich type of web site	177	(1)
10 Further reading	178	(1)
References	179	(1)
7 Programming Web Servers	180	(30)
1 Introduction	181	(1)
2 Servlets	182	(11)
2.1 Servlet mechanisms	183	(2)
2.2 The servlet lifecycle	185	(5)
2.3 Persistence at the client	190	(3)
3 Java Server Pages	193	(5)
3.1 Introduction	193	(1)
3.2 A forms processing program	194	(2)
3.3 A page counter	196	(1)
3.4 Using control structures	197	(1)
4 Perl	198	(3)
4.1 Data types	198	(1)
4.2 Control constructs	199	(1)
4.3 String processing	199	(1)
4.4 Peri and Web server programming	200	(1)
5 Web services	201	(3)
5.1 Introduction	201	(1)
5.2 Web service architecture	202	(1)
5.3 The role of SOAP	203	(1)
6 An example of a Web service	204	(5)
6.1 A stock exchange service	205	(1)
6.2 The presentation layer	205	(1)
6.3 The business object	206	(2)
6.4 The server component	208	(1)
7 Further reading	209	(1)
References	209	(1)
8 XML	210	(47)
1 Introduction	211	(2)
2 What is XML?	213	(6)
2.1 The history of XML	213	(2)
2.2 An example of an XML-defined language	215	(4)
3 Defining XML-based languages	219	(3)
4 Processing XML-based documents	222	(5)
4.1 Introduction	222	(1)
4.2 An example of a parser	222	(5)
5 Approaches to XML processing	227	(24)
5.1 SAX	227	(7)
5.2 DOM	234	(6)
5.3 XSL	240	(9)
5.4 Formatting objects	249	(1)
5.5 Web publishing systems	250	(1)
6 XML in action	251	(4)
6.1 Scalable vector graphics	251	(1)
6.2 The Channel Definition Format	252	(1)
6.3 WebXML	253	(2)
7 XML in a retail environment	255	(1)
8 Further reading	255	(1)
References	256	(1)
9 RMI and Distributed Objects	257	(16)
1 Introduction	258	(1)
2 Distributed objects	258	(1)
3 Object-oriented middleware	259	(1)
4 Developing object-oriented remote systems	260	(2)
5 The RMI architecture	262	(2)
5.1 The three-layered architecture	262	(1)
5.2 Garbage collection	263	(1)
5.3 Security	263	(1)
6 Developing remote object programs	264	(5)
6.1 Developing the server code	264	(2)
6.2 Developing the client code	266	(2)
6.3 The RMI registry	268	(1)
7 Two examples	269	(2)
7.1 Legacy software	269	(1)
7.2 Agents	270	(1)
8 Summary	271	(1)
9 Further reading	272	(1)
References	272	(1)
10 CO RBA	273	(22)
1 Introduction	274	(2)
2 CORBA services	276	(1)
3 The Interface Definition Language	277	(4)
3.1 Interfaces and modules	277	(1)
3.2 Attributes	278	(1)
3.3 The struct facility	279	(1)
3.4 The sequence facility	280	(1)
3.5 The array facility	280	(1)
3.6 The enum facility	280	(1)
3.7 Using the facilities	281	(1)
4 Developing CORBA/lava code	281	(11)
4.1 An application architecture	281	(1)
4.2 Files for remote code	282	(1)
4.3 Developing a CORBA application	283	(8)
4.4 The code	291	(1)
5 An application architecture	292	(1)
6 Evaluating distributed object schemes	292	(1)
7 Further reading	293	(1)
References	293	(2)
11 Internet Security	295	(40)
1 Introduction	296	(1)
2 Reasons for insecurity	296	(2)
3 Forms of attack	298	(10)
3.1 Non-technological attacks	299	(1)
3.2 Destructive devices	300	(1)
3.3 Viruses	301	(2)
3.4 Scanners	303	(1)
3.5 Password crackers	304	(1)
3.6 Sniffers	304	(1)
3.7 Trojan horses	305	(1)
3.8 Spoofing	305	(2)
3.9 Technology-based attacks	307	(1)
4 Cryptography and its products	308	(7)
4.1 The basis of cryptography	309	(1)
4.2 Symmetric key cryptography	310	(1)
4.3 Attacks on symmetric key schemes	311	(1)
4.4 Public key cryptography	312	(3)
5 Technologies based on encryption	315	(5)
5.1 Message digest functions	315	(1)
5.2 Digital signatures	316	(1)
5.3 Digital certificates	317	(1)
5.4 Cryptographic systems	318	(2)
5.5 Key exchange	320	(1)
6 Techniques and software tools	320	(4)
6.1 Logging tools	321	(1)
6.2 Virus scanners	321	(1)
6.3 Network topology techniques	321	(2)
6.4 Security checking software	323	(1)
7 SSL: a case study	324	(3)
7.1 Functionality	324	(1)
7.2 Supported cipher suites	324	(1)
7.3 The transfer process	325	(1)
7.4 Server authentication	326	(1)
7.5 Client authentication	327	(1)
8 Security facilities in Java	327	(2)
8.1 The Java security model	328	(1)
8.2 The Java Cryptographic Extension	328	(1)
9 Payment systems	329	(2)
9.1 Customer to business payments	329	(2)
9.2 Business to business payments	331	(1)
10 Web sites and security	331	(2)
11 Further reading	333	(1)
References	334	(1)
12 Concurrency	335	(20)
1 Introduction	336	(1)
2 Concurrency in Java	336	(4)
2.1 Implementing threads in Java	337	(3)
3 Threads and shared objects	340	(9)
3.1 Locking	340	(2)
3.2 Using wait and notify	342	(4)
3.3 A threaded server	346	(3)
4 Client and server locks	349	(4)
4.1 Locking	349	(2)
4.2 Deadlock	351	(2)
5 Locking and database servers	353	(1)
6 Further reading	354	(1)
References	354	(1)
13 Transactions	355	(19)
1 Introduction	356	(1)
1.1 Transactions	356	(1)
1.2 Serial equivalence	357	(1)
2 Distributed transactions	357	(6)
2.1 Atomic commit protocols	358	(1)
2.2 Two-phase commit for nested transactions	359	(1)
2.3 Concurrency control	360	(3)
3 TP monitors	363	(1)
4 A simple example of a TP monitor	364	(9)
4.1 Introduction	364	(2)
4.2 Entity and session beans	366	(2)
4.3 Bean classes	368	(1)
4.4 Developing bean code	368	(5)
5 Further reading	373	(1)
References	373	(1)
14 Designing Distributed Systems	374	(16)
1 Introduction	375	(1)
2 Performance prediction	376	(2)
2.1 Using vendor measurements	376	(1)
2.2 Rules of thumb	377	(1)
2.3 Simulation modelling	377	(1)
2.4 Analytical modelling	377	(1)
2.5 Projecting from measurements	378	(1)
3 Design principles	378	(9)
3.1 The locality principle	379	(4)
3.2 The principle of sharing	383	(2)
3.3 The parallelism principle	385	(2)
4 Reliability	387	(1)
5 Further reading	388	(1)
References	389	(1)
15 Bots, Agents and Spiders	390	(17)
1 Introduction	391	(1)
1.1 Terminology	391	(1)
1.2 Ataxonomy	392	(1)
2 The roots of agents	392	(2)
2.1 Search engines and spiders	392	(1)
2.2 Exclusion technology	393	(1)
3 Types of agent	394	(4)
3.1 Chatterbots	394	(1)
3.2 Commerce agents	394	(1)
3.3 Data management agents	395	(1)
3.4 Government agents	395	(1)
3.5 Newsagents	395	(1)
3.6 Newsgroup agents	396	(1)
3.7 Shopping agents	396	(1)
3.8 Software agents	396	(1)
3.9 Stock agents	397	(1)
3.10 Update agents	397	(1)
3.11 Web developer agents	397	(1)
4 Development issues	398	(6)
4.1 Base software	398	(3)
4.2 Principles	401	(1)
4.3 Agent development	401	(3)
5 Agent architectures	404	(2)
5.1 Non-mobile agents	404	(1)
5.2 Mobile agents	405	(1)
6 Further reading	406	(1)
References	406	(1)
16 Ubiquitous and Mobile Computing	407	(15)
1 Introduction	408	(1)
2 Problems with mobile computing	408	(2)
3 Applications	410	(4)
3.1 Active badges	410	(2)
3.2 Hand-held devices for nurses	412	(1)
3.3 Keeping track of cows	412	(1)
3.4 Tracking stolen cars in the Netherlands	412	(1)
3.5 The mobile computer engineer	413	(1)
3.6 Relaxing with ClubNation	413	(1)
3.7 Multi-messaging services	413	(1)
4 System aspects	414	(4)
4.1 Mobile middleware	414	(1)
4.2 Special protocols	415	(2)
4.3 Markup languages	417	(1)
5 Integrating novel devices	418	(3)
6 Further reading	421	(1)
References	421	(1)
17 Case Study	422	(19)
1 Introduction	423	(1)
2 Links	424	(1)
3 The business model	425	(1)
4 The base software	425	(3)
5 The Web site	428	(1)
5.1 The structure of the Web site	428	(1)
6 Functions of the Web site	429	(2)
6.1 Link checking site registration	429	(1)
6.2 Link checking database maintenance	429	(1)
6.3 Link checking	430	(1)
6.4 Link software sales	431	(1)
7 The software architecture	431	(6)
7.1 The link checking service architecture	431	(3)
7.2 The link maintenance architecture	434	(1)
7.3 The link checking software	434	(1)
7.4 The software sales architecture	435	(2)
8 Promoting the site	437	(2)
8.1 Search engine notification	437	(1)
8.2 Best of the Web listings	438	(1)
8.3 Links from other sites	438	(1)
8.4 Using specialised indexes	438	(1)
8.5 Using newsgroups	439	(1)
8.6 Using the print media	439	(1)
9 Summary	439	(1)
10 Further reading	439	(1)
References	440	(1)
Glossary	441	(10)
Index	451