Development of the Cerebral Cortex

Research on the development of the cerebral cortex is advancing rapidly. It has long been an area attracting scientists with diverse interests because of the range of the problems posed. Many different approaches are now achieving considerable success, so that older hypotheses are being replaced by new concepts of cortical organization and development. This book presents and evaluates these new approaches. It includes a review of a variety of techniques, such as the analysis of cell growth in culture and specific cell transplantation experiments, that have been invaluable for the analysis of neuronal proliferation and specification. These studies have established that environmental cues participate in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. In addition, ablation of certain neurons at particular developmental stages results in the failure of specific axons to innervate their targets, highlighting the importance of cellular interactions within the developing neural network. The development of labelling techniques using retroviral vectors that express marker genes has also facilitated the analysis of the pattern of cell migration and cell lineage. These new areas of research have important implications for our concepts of structurally differentiated cortical regions and our understanding of brain malformations. Indeed, recent neuropathological investigations and magnetic resonance imaging studies have suggested that abnormalities of cortical development may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. The relationship between the type and location of the developmental abnormalities and the consequent implications for our understanding of the aetiology of these disorders are also discussed in this book. Related Ciba Foundation Symposia: No. 184 Higher-order processing in the visual system Chairman: Michael Morgan 1994 ISBN 0 471 94412 2 No. 182 Germline development Chairwoman: Anne McLaren 1994 ISBN 0 471 94264 2 No. 181 Neural tube defects Chairwoman: Judith Hall 1994 ISBN 0 471 94172

Symposium on Development of the cerebral cortex, held at the Ciba Foundation, London, 29 Nov-1 Dec 1994

This symposium is based on a proposal made by Jack Price

Gregory R. Bock (Organizer)

Gail Cardew

C. Blackemore

Introduction: mysteries in the making of the cerebral cortex

1

(20)

C. Walsh

C. Reid

Cell lineage and patterns of migration in the developing cortex

21

(20)

Discussion

34

(7)

J. G. Parnavelas

M. C. Mione

A. Lavdas

The cell lineage of neuronal subtypes in the mammalian cerebral cortex

41

(18)

Discussion

52

(7)

General disussion I Dendritic differentiation

59

(58)

Cell lineage

61

(10)

J. Price

B. P. Williams

M. Gotz

The generation of cellular diversity in the cerebral cortex

71

(14)

Discussion

79

(6)

P. F. Bartlett

L. R. Richards

T. J. Kilpatrick

P. T. Talman

K. A. Bailey

G. J. Brooker

R. Dutton

S. A. Koblar

V. Nurcombe

M. O. Ford

S. S. Cheema

V. Likiardopoulos

G. Barrett

M. Murphy

Factors regulating the differentiation of neural precursors in the forebrain

85

(25)

Discussion

94

(6)

E. Boncinelli

M. Gulisano

F. Spada

V. Broccoli

Emx and Otx gene expression in the developing mouse brain

100

(24)

Discussion

110

(14)

General discussion II Teleology for tangential migration

117

(75)

Differentiation factors in culture

124

(3)

Guidance of thalamocortical innervation

127

(23)

Discussion

140

(10)

A. Ghosh

Subplate neurons and the patterning of thalamocortical connections

150

(23)

Discussion

165

(8)

J. Bolz

A. Kossel

D. Bagnard

The specificity of interactions between the cortex and the thalamus

173

(19)

Discussion

186

(6)

General discussion III The handshake hypothesis

192

(59)

P. Levitt

R. Ferri

K. Eagleson

Molecular contributions to cerebral cortical specification

200

(14)

Discussion

207

(7)

D. D. M. O''Leary

D. J. Borngasser

K. Fox

B. L. Schlaggar

Plasticity in the development of neocortical areas

214

(17)

Discussion

223

(8)

D. J. Price

R. B. Lotto

N. Warren

G. Magowan

J. Clausen

The roles of growth factors and neural activity in the development of the neocortex

231

(20)

Discussion

244

(7)

General discussion IV In vitro and in vivo evidence for areal commitment of neuron precursors in the ventricular zone of the neocortex

251

(71)

N. W. Daw

S. N. M. Reid

X.-F. Wang

H. J. Flavin

Factors that are critical for plasticity in the visual cortex

258

(19)

Discussion

270

(7)

E. G. Jones

Cortical development and neuropathology in schizophrenia

277

(19)

Discussion

289

(7)

G. W. Roberts

M. C. Royston

M. Gotz

Pathology of cortical development and neuropsychiatric disorders

296

(26)

Discussion

316

(6)

Final discussion Determination and specification

322

(4)

Index of contributors

326

(2)

Subject index

328

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