Developments in American Politics 4

by Peele; Bailey; Cain

• ISBN13: 9780333948736
• ISBN10: 0333948734
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-09-06
• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Summary

The long drawn out and heavily politicized presidential election process in 2000 with the winner - Republican George W. Bush - taking a smaller percentage of the popular vote that his Democratic rival, raised important issues of legitimacy. The September 11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington posed a major new challenge to the American political system. Written by a team of leading authorities and tightly edited to provide an accessible and coherent student text, Developments in American Politics 4 assesses the implications of both and the early record of the second Bush in the White House.

Author Biography

Gillian Peele is Fellow and Tutor in Politics at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

Christopher J. Bailey is Professor of American Politics at the University of Keele.

Bruce Cain is Robson Professor of Political Science and Director of the Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

B. Guy Peters is Maurice Falk Professor of Government, University of Pittsburgh

Table of Contents

List of Tables, Figures and Maps	xii
Preface	xiii
Notes on the Contributors	xv
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms	xvii
List of State Abbreviations	xix
Map of the United States of America	xx
Introduction: The United States in the Twenty-First Century	1	(14)
Gillian Peele
Christopher J. Bailey
Bruce Cain
R. Guy Peters
A tarnished victory	1	(3)
Terrorism and war	4	(3)
A closely divided people	7	(2)
Increasing social diversity	9	(3)
Race and ethnicity	9	(2)
Religion and gender	11	(1)
Cultural divisions and the public philosophy	11	(1)
Governance	12	(1)
Alienation and its remedies	13	(2)
Electoral Politics: The 2000 Elections and Beyond	15	(20)
Virginia Sapiro
The nomination process and the campaign	15	(2)
The endgame	17	(2)
The results	19	(5)
Election 2000 and the American political system	24	(1)
The nominations process: competition or showtime	24	(1)
Polling, public opinion and democratic practice	25	(2)
Campaign finance	27	(1)
Voter choice	27	(1)
The mass media and republican citizenship in the twenty-first century	28	(1)
Calling the race: public education or business?	29	(1)
Elections as measurement instruments	29	(3)
The rules of the game: fair and impartial?	32	(1)
Aggregating the votes	33	(1)
Conclusion	34	(1)
Political Parties	35	(18)
Dean McSweeney
Legal regulation	35	(1)
The two-party duopoly	36	(1)
The third party challenge	37	(2)
Party conflict	39	(2)
Party differences	41	(1)
New Democrats	41	(2)
Compassionate Conservatives	43	(2)
Interest group allies	45	(1)
Election campaigns	46	(2)
Party activists	48	(2)
Responsible parties?	50	(1)
Conclusions	51	(2)
Pressure Groups, Social Movements and Participation	53	(19)
Stephen Welch
The structural, cultural and social contexts	54	(4)
The structural context	54	(2)
Political culture	56	(1)
Social diversity	57	(1)
Expanding issues	58	(4)
Identity politics and social movements	58	(2)
Culture wars	60	(2)
Intensifying pressure	62	(4)
Social movements and pressure groups	62	(1)
The generalization of tactics	63	(2)
Overload and hyperpolitics	65	(1)
Declining social capital	66	(5)
Two optimistic perspectives	67	(1)
The social capital perspective	68	(3)
Conclusion	71	(1)
The Presidency	72	(25)
Jonathan Herbert
The decline of the presidency?	72	(4)
Clinton and the defensive presidency	76	(4)
Prospects for presidential leadership under Bush	80	(2)
Bush's strategic options	82	(2)
Bush's strategy	84	(3)
Bush's organization and style	87	(2)
Results of the aggressive, selective strategy	89	(2)
A second phase of the Bush presidency?	91	(1)
Responding to terrorism	92	(3)
Conclusion: Bush's reputation in the balance	95	(2)
Congress	97	(18)
Eric Schickler
What is left of the Republican ``Revolution'' of 1995?	97	(9)
The Hastert Speakership	99	(1)
The House committee system and the legacy of the Republican Revolution	100	(3)
The Senate and the Republican Revolution	103	(2)
Parry voting in the Republican Congress	105	(1)
The rise of toss-up politics	106	(3)
Presidential-Congressional relations in an era of partisan warfare	109	(3)
The Bush presidency	110	(2)
Congressional partisan warfare: its roots and its future	112	(3)
Conditional party government and the revitalization of parties	113	(2)
The Supreme Court and the Constitution	115	(18)
Tinsley E. Yarbrough
The Rehnquist Court in perspective	115	(3)
Bush versus Gore	118	(2)
The rebirth of dual federalism	120	(4)
The First Amendment	124	(2)
Criminal justice	126	(1)
Equal protection	127	(1)
Unenumerated rights	128	(1)
Judicial appointments and the Bush presidency	129	(2)
Conclusion	131	(2)
Bureaucracy and Public Management	133	(14)
B. Guy Peters
George W. Bush as public manager	134	(1)
Barriers and boons for the President as manager	135	(3)
Reform and change	138	(1)
National Performance Review	139	(2)
The Government Performance and Results Act	141	(2)
The Bush administration	143	(2)
Conclusion	145	(2)
Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations	147	(16)
Gillian Peele
Why federalism matters	147	(2)
The diversity of the states	149	(2)
Local government	151	(1)
Funding	152	(2)
Cities	154	(2)
A shifting federal balance	156	(4)
The Bush agenda and federalism	160	(2)
Conclusion	162	(1)
Economic Policy	163	(18)
Christopher J. Bailey
The uneasy economy	164	(7)
The crowded institutional context of economic management	171	(4)
The politics of surplus	175	(3)
The economics of terror	178	(2)
Conclusion	180	(1)
Law and Order	181	(21)
Robert Singh
The governance of crime	182	(3)
The politicization of crime	185	(1)
Federalizing crime	186	(1)
``Fortress America''	186	(1)
The 2000 elections	187	(2)
Gun control	189	(3)
Capital punishment	192	(3)
Drugs	195	(2)
The racialization of crime	197	(1)
Homeland security	198	(3)
Conclusion	201	(1)
Social Policy	202	(20)
Fiona Ross
Welfare American style	203	(4)
The Clinton years	207	(1)
The first term: big promises, mixed results	207	(1)
Welfare overhaul	208	(8)
The legacy of welfare overhaul: work and poverty	210	(4)
Clinton's second term: small promises, small results	214	(2)
Explaining developments in social policy	216	(3)
The future of American social policy	219	(3)
Health Care Policy	222	(12)
Stephen Linder
Pauline Vaillancourt Rosenau
A piecemeal and fragmented system	222	(1)
Federalism and health care	223	(1)
Exceptionalism	223	(1)
Access to health care services	224	(3)
Health insurance and the insurers	224	(2)
The role for employers	226	(1)
The role of the states: ERISA, CHIP, and Medicaid	226	(1)
The Federal role: Medicare	227	(1)
Paying for health care services	227	(2)
Health Care Costs	227	(2)
Contracts and competition: health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations	229	(1)
For-profit versus nonprofit payment: does it matter?	230	(1)
Other controversies	231	(3)
Prescription drug coverage	231	(1)
A patients' bill of rights	231	(3)
Foreign and Security Policy	234	(16)
David Williams
Searching for a role	235	(3)
Assessing Clinton's foreign policy	238	(5)
Security issues	239	(1)
Economic issues	240	(1)
Multilateralism and humanitarianism	241	(2)
Assessing the Clinton legacy	243	(1)
The Bush administration	243	(1)
Security issues	243	(3)
Economic issues	246	(2)
The abandonment of multilateralism?	246	(2)
Responding to September 11, 2001	248	(2)
Direct Democracy	250	(14)
Elisabeth Gerber
Historical context	252	(2)
Recent trends	254	(3)
Controversies	257	(1)
Citizen competence: do voters make good laws?	258	(1)
Quality of legislation: do amateurs write good laws?	259	(3)
Minority rights: does the majority tyrannize minorities?	260	(1)
Money: do wealthy interest groups dominate?	261	(1)
Representative government: does direct democracy undermine the legislative process?	261	(1)
Future developments	262	(1)
National initiative or referendum	262	(1)
Internet voting	263	(1)
Conclusion	263	(1)
Religion and Morality	264	(14)
Susan B. Hansen
Trends in American religiosity	265	(4)
Religion and American voting behavior	269	(3)
Parties, candidates, and church involvement in elections	272	(2)
Government support of religious activity	274	(2)
Conclusion	276	(2)
The Media	278	(11)
Tim Hames
Americans and their political information	278	(3)
The rise of cable	281	(1)
Changes within cable	282	(1)
The decline of local television	283	(1)
The limits of the Internet	284	(2)
New outlets, old coverage	286	(1)
Conclusions	287	(2)
Campaign Finance	289	(11)
Alan Grant
The 1970s reform legislation	289	(2)
Reform proposals in the 1990s	291	(1)
The soft money issue	292	(2)
Issue advocacy commercials	294	(1)
Important recent developments	295	(2)
Supreme Court decisions	295	(1)
Passage of the first campaign finance legislation since 1979	296	(1)
The 2000 election campaigns	296	(1)
Senate passage of the McCain-Feingold bill	297	(1)
Problems in the House of Representatives	298	(2)
The United States in Evolution: Majoritarian Reforms in a Madisonian System	300	(17)
Bruce Cain
Madisonian logic considered	301	(3)
State government and majoritarianism	304	(3)
Direct democracy and the majoritarian frontier	307	(3)
Parties and political reform	310	(6)
Conclusion	316	(1)
Guide to Further Reading	317	(6)
Bibliography	323	(18)
Index	341