Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians

by Hendrix & Robinson

• ISBN13: 9780323036146
• ISBN10: 0323036147
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-21
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

Now in full color and spiral bound, the 3rd edition of this outstanding resource features clear and concise discussions of the most commonly encountered internal and external parasites. It offers step-by step guidelines for gathering samples and performing lab procedures. Comprehensive terminology coverage familiarizes readers with the language of parasitology for effective communication with clients and other members of the veterinary team. Chapters are organized by parasite group protozoans, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, arthropods, leeches, and pentastomes and include a detailed description of the group, with special emphasis on morphology, life cycle, and uniquely important parasites of the group. Species covered in this text include dogs and cats, ruminants, horses, swine, birds, rabbits, laboratory animals, and fish. Also features a chapter on zoonoses that discusses public health concerns related to various kinds of parasites. Presents clear, organized, and concise coverage of the most commonly encountered internal and external parasites. Includes a basic chapter on terminology so readers can become familiar with the language of parasitology and communicate effectively with clients. The multispecies approach addresses how parasites can be specifically diagnosed in individual species. Emphasizes the zoonotic potential of parasites. Includes comprehensive information on the different laboratory techniques used to identify parasites. Reorganized content more closely follows a typical veterinary technology class curriculum by putting the laboratory procedures chapter first, then describing the classes of parasites in order of importance to veterinary practice, beginning with the nematodes. Features full-color images of the parasites. Includes 15 new color illustrations of the life cycle of parasites. A new chapter covers common parasite ova and forms seen in veterinary medicine. Offers expanded heartworm coverage, including an extensive discussion of the performance and interpretation of heartworm diagnostic tests. Features more information on avian and exotic species, as well as laboratory animals. Provides expanded coverage of clinical signs, treatment, and chemoprophylaxis.

Table of Contents

The Language of Veterinary Parasitology	1	(10)
Symbiosis	1	(1)
Parasitism	2	(4)
Life Cycle	6	(1)
The Linnaean Classification Scheme	7	(4)
Parasites That Infect and Infest Domestic Animals	11	(4)
Monogenetic Trematodes (Monogenetic Flukes)	11	(1)
Digenetic Trematodes (Digenetic Flukes)	11	(1)
Eucestodes (True Tapeworms)	12	(1)
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms)	12	(1)
Nematodes (Roundworms)	12	(1)
Acanthocephalans (Thorny-Headed Worms)	12	(1)
Hirudineans (Leeches)	12	(1)
Arthropods	13	(1)
Protista (Protozoa)	13	(2)
Introduction to the Nematodes	15	(8)
Nematodes of Importance in Veterinary Medicine	15	(4)
Key Morphologic Features	15	(4)
Life Cycle of the Nematode	19	(4)
Nematodes That Infect Domestic Animals	23	(46)
Nematodes of Dogs and Cats	23	(20)
Gastrointestinal Tract	23	(8)
Circulatory System	31	(5)
Respiratory System	36	(2)
Urinary Tract	38	(2)
Skin	40	(2)
Eye and Adnexa	42	(1)
Nematodes of Ruminants	43	(4)
Gastrointestinal Tract	43	(2)
Circulatory System	45	(1)
Respiratory System	45	(1)
Skin	46	(1)
Eye and Adnexa	46	(1)
Abdominal Cavity	47	(1)
Nematodes of Equids	47	(8)
Gastrointestinal Tract	47	(6)
Respiratory System	53	(1)
Skin	53	(1)
Eye and Adnexa	54	(1)
Abdominal Cavity	55	(1)
Nematodes of Swine	55	(4)
Gastrointestinal Tract	55	(2)
Respiratory Tract	57	(1)
Urinary Tract	57	(1)
Musculoskeletal System	58	(1)
Nematodes of Mice	59	(2)
Gastrointestinal Tract	59	(2)
Nematodes of Rats	61	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	61	(1)
Nematodes of Hamsters	62	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	62	(1)
Nematodes of Gerbils	62	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	62	(1)
Nematodes of Guinea Pigs	63	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	63	(1)
Nematodes of Rabbits	63	(3)
Gastrointestinal Tract	63	(3)
Nematodes of Pet and Aviary Birds	66	(3)
Gastrointestinal Tract	66	(3)
The Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda	69	(10)
Eucestoda (True Tapeworms)	69	(5)
Key Morphologic Features	69	(3)
Life Cycle of the True Tapeworm	72	(2)
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms)	74	(5)
Key Morphologic Features	74	(2)
Life Cycle of the Pseudotapeworm	76	(3)
Tapeworms That Parasitize Domestic Animals and Humans	79	(22)
Eucestoda (True Tapeworms)	79	(3)
Mice, Rats, Gerbils, and Hamsters	79	(1)
Intestinal Tract	79	(2)
Ruminants	81	(1)
Intestinal Tract	81	(1)
Metacestode (Larval) Stages Found in Musculature of Food Animals	82	(1)
Metacestode (Larval) Stages Found in Abdominal Cavity of Food Animals	83	(14)
Horses	85	(1)
Intestinal Tract	85	(1)
True Tapeworms of Dogs and Cats	86	(1)
Dipylidium caninum	86	(2)
Taenia pisiformis, T. hydatigena, and T. ovis	88	(3)
Taenia taeniaeformis (Hydatigera taeniaeformis)	91	(1)
Multiceps multiceps and multiceps serialis	91	(3)
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis	94	(1)
Mesocestoides Species	95	(2)
Cotyloda (Pseudotapeworms)	97	(4)
Spirometra Species	99	(1)
Diphyllobothrium Species	100	(1)
The Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Trematoda	101	(6)
Subclass Monogenea	101	(1)
Subclass Digenea	101	(6)
Key Morphologic Features	102	(1)
Life Cycle of the Fluke	103	(4)
Trematodes (Flukes) of Animals and Humans	107	(8)
Flukes of Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats)	107	(2)
Flukes of Small Animals (Dogs and Cats)	109	(6)
The Phylum Acanthocephala	115	(4)
Common Acanthocephalans	115	(4)
Key Morphologic Features	115	(1)
Life Cycle of the Thorny-Headed Worm	116	(1)
Acanthocephalans of Importance in Veterinary Parasitology	117	(1)
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus	117	(1)
Oncicola canis	118	(1)
The Protozoans	119	(4)
Characteristics of the Protozoans	119	(1)
Mastigophora (Flagellates)	119	(1)
Sarcodina (Amoebae)	120	(1)
Ciliophora (Ciliates)	120	(1)
Apicomplexa (Apicomplexans)	121	(2)
Common Protozoans That Infect Domestic Animals	123	(20)
Dogs and Cats	123	(5)
Gastrointestinal Tract	123	(1)
Flagellates	123	(1)
Amoebae	124	(1)
Ciliates	125	(1)
Apicomplexans	125	(1)
Circulatory System and Blood	126	(1)
Flagellates	126	(1)
Apicomplexans	127	(1)
Ruminants (Cattle and Sheep)	128	(2)
Gastrointestinal Tract	128	(1)
Ciliates	128	(1)
Apicomplexans	128	(1)
Circulatory System and Blood	129	(1)
Flagellates	129	(1)
Apicomplexans	129	(1)
Urogenital System	129	(1)
Horses	130	(2)
Gastrointestinal Tract	130	(1)
Flagellates	130	(1)
Ciliates	130	(1)
Apicomplexans	130	(1)
Circulatory System and Blood	131	(1)
Apicomplexans	131	(1)
Urogenital System	131	(1)
Apicomplexans	131	(1)
Nervous System	132	(1)
Apicomplexans	132	(1)
Swine	132	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	132	(1)
Ciliates	132	(1)
Apicomplexans	132	(1)
Pet and Aviary Birds and Other Domestic Fowl	133	(3)
Gastrointestinal Tract	133	(1)
Flagellates	133	(1)
Apicomplexans	134	(1)
Circulatory System and Blood	134	(1)
Flagellates	134	(1)
Apicomplexans	135	(1)
Respiratory System	135	(1)
Apicomplexans	136	(1)
Rabbits	136	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	136	(1)
Apicomplexans	136	(1)
Mice	137	(2)
Gastrointestinal Tract	137	(1)
Flagellates	137	(1)
Apicomplexans	138	(1)
Urogenital System	138	(1)
Apicomplexans	138	(1)
Rats	139	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	139	(1)
Flagellates	139	(1)
Apicomplexans	139	(1)
Hamsters	139	(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract	139	(1)
Flagellates	139	(1)
Guinea Pigs	139	(2)
Gastrointestinal Tract	139	(1)
Flagellates	139	(1)
Amoebae	140	(1)
Apicomplexans	140	(1)
Fish	141	(2)
Skin	141	(1)
Ciliates	141	(2)
Introduction to the Arthropods	143	(4)
Arthropoda	143	(1)
Key Morphologic Features	143	(1)
Divisions of the Phylum Arthropoda	143	(1)
Crustacea (Aquatic Arthropods)	144	(1)
Myriopoda (Centipedes and Millipedes)	144	(1)
Insecta (Insects)	144	(1)
Key Morphologic Features	144	(1)
Orders of Insecta	145	(1)
Acarina (Mites and Ticks)	145	(2)
Arthropods That Infect and Infest Domestic Animals	147	(50)
Crustaceans	147	(1)
Myriopodans	148	(1)
Insects	148	(24)
Dictyoptera (Cockroaches)	149	(1)
Coleoptera (Beetles)	149	(1)
Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)	149	(1)
Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, and Wasps)	149	(1)
Hemiptera (True Bugs)	150	(1)
Mallophaga (Chewing or Biting Lice) and Anoplura (Sucking Lice)	151	(2)
Lice of Mice, Rats, Gerbils, and Hamsters	153	(2)
Lice of Guinea Pigs	155	(1)
Lice of Rabbits	156	(1)
Diptera (Two-Winged Flies)	156	(1)
Periodic Parasites of Which Only Adult Females Feed on Vertebrate Blood	157	(2)
Periodic Parasites of Which Both Adult Males and Females Feed on Vertebrate Blood	159	(3)
Periodic Parasites That Feed on Mucus, Tears, and Saliva	162	(1)
Myiasis-Producing Flies	163	(5)
Siphonaptera (Fleas)	168	(4)
Mites and Ticks	172	(25)
Mites of Veterinary Importance	172	(1)
Family Sarcoptidae (Mites)	172	(4)
Psoroptidae	176	(3)
Nonsarcoptiform Mites	179	(5)
Fur Mites	184	(5)
Ticks of Veterinary Importance	189	(3)
Argasid (Soft) Ticks	192	(1)
Ixodid (Hard) Ticks	193	(4)
Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Pentastomida	197	(6)
Pentastomes (Parasites of Reptiles)	197	(3)
Morphology	197	(1)
Life Cycle	198	(1)
Diagnosis	199	(1)
Definitive Host	199	(1)
Incidental Host	200	(1)
Adult Pentastome That Infects Nasal Passages and Turbinates of a Mammalian Host	200	(3)
Diagnosis	200	(1)
Definitive Host	200	(1)
Intermediate Host	201	(2)
The Phylum Annelida	203	(4)
Hirudinea (Leeches)	203	(4)
Morphology	203	(1)
Life Cycle of the Leech	204	(3)
Parasites of Public Health Importance in Veterinary Parasitology	207	(20)
Protozoans of Public Health Importance	208	(2)
Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)	208	(1)
Human Infection with Toxoplasmosis	208	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	208	(1)
Treatment	209	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	209	(1)
Cryptosporidium parvum (Cryptosporidiosis)	209	(1)
Human Infection with Cryptosporidiosis	209	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	209	(1)
Treatment	210	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	210	(1)
Trematodes of Public Health Importance	210	(1)
Schistosomes of Wild Migratory Birds (Schistosome Cercarial Dermatitis, Swimmer's Itch)	210	(1)
Human Infection with Swimmer's Itch	210	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	210	(1)
Treatment	211	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	211	(1)
Cestodes of Public Health Importance	211	(5)
Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm)	211	(1)
Human Infection with Beef Tapeworm	211	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	211	(1)
Treatment	212	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	212	(1)
Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm)	212	(1)
Human Infection with Pork Tapeworm	212	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	212	(1)
Treatment	213	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	213	(1)
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis (Unilocular and Multilocular Hydatid Disease)	213	(1)
Human Infection with Hydatid Disease	213	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	213	(1)
Treatment	214	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	214	(1)
Dipylidium caninum (Human Dipylidiasis)	214	(1)
Human Infection with Dipylidium	214	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	214	(1)
Treatment	214	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	215	(1)
Hymenolepis nana (Hymenolepiasis)	215	(1)
Human Infection with Hymenolepis	215	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	215	(1)
Treatment	215	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	215	(1)
Diphyllobothrium latum (Diphyllobothriasis)	215	(1)
Human Infection with Diphyllobothrium latum	215	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	215	(1)
Treatment	216	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	216	(1)
Nematodes of Public Health Importance	216	(8)
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Toxocaral Larva Migrans, Visceral Larva Migrans, Ocular Larva Migrans)	216	(1)
Human Infection with Toxocaral Larva Migrans	216	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	216	(1)
Treatment	217	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	217	(1)
Baylisascaris procyonis (Neural Larva Migrans, Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis)	217	(1)
Human Infection with Larvae of Baylisascaris procyonis	217	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	217	(1)
Treatment	218	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	218	(1)
Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and Uncinaria stenocepahala (Cutaneous Larva Migrans, Creeping Eruption, Plumber's Itch)	219	(1)
Human Infection with Cutaneous Larva Migrans	219	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	220	(1)
Treatment	220	(1)
Prevention of Transmission of Humans	220	(1)
Ancylostoma caninum (Enteric Hookworm Disease)	220	(1)
Human Infection with Enteric Hookworm Disease	221	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	221	(1)
Treatment	221	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	221	(1)
Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis, Trichinellosis)	221	(1)
Human Infection with Trichinosis	221	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	222	(1)
Treatment	222	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	222	(1)
Dirofilaria immitis (Pulmonary Dirofilariasis)	223	(1)
Human Infection with Dirofilariasis	223	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	223	(1)
Treatment	223	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	223	(1)
Arthropods of Public Health Importance	224	(1)
Sarcoptes scabei variety canis (Canine Scabies)	224	(1)
Human Infection with Canine Scabies	224	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	224	(1)
Treatment	224	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	225	(1)
Pentastomes of Public Health Importance	225	(1)
Reptilian Pentastomiasis	225	(1)
Human Infection with Pentastomes	225	(1)
Symptoms and Diagnosis	225	(1)
Treatment	225	(1)
Prevention of Transmission to Humans	226	(1)
Conclusion	226	(1)
Common Laboratory Procedures for Diagnosing Parasitism	227	(28)
Diagnosis of Parasites of the Digestive Tract	227	(18)
Collection of the Fecal Sample	228	(1)
Small Animal Samples	228	(1)
Large Animal Samples	228	(1)
Examination of the Fecal Sample	228	(1)
Gross Examination of Feces	229	(3)
Microscopic Examination of Feces	232	(1)
Direct Smear	233	(1)
Concentration Methods for Fecal Examination	234	(1)
Fecal Flotation	234	(3)
Fecal Sedimentation	237	(1)
Quantitative Fecal Examination	238	(1)
Examination of Feces for Protozoa	239	(1)
Fecal Culture	240	(1)
Nematode (Roundworm) Eggs	240	(1)
Coccidial Oocysts	240	(1)
Sample Collection at Necropsy	241	(1)
Shipping Parasitologic Specimens	242	(1)
Miscellaneous Procedures for Detection of Digestive Tract Parasites	243	(1)
Cellophane Tape Preparation	243	(1)
Baermann Technique	243	(1)
Blood in the Feces	244	(1)
Gross Examination of Vomitus	244	(1)
Microscopic Examination of Vomitus	244	(1)
Diagnosis of Parasites of the Blood and Vascular System	245	(6)
Collection of Blood Samples	245	(1)
Examination of Blood	245	(1)
Direct Microscopic Examination	245	(1)
Thin Blood Smear	246	(1)
Thick Blood Smear	246	(1)
Buffy Coat Method	247	(1)
Modified Knott's Technique	247	(2)
Commercial Filter Technique	249	(1)
Immunologic Heartworm Tests	250	(1)
Miscellaneous Methods for Microfilarial Identification	250	(1)
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Respiratory System	251	(1)
Fecal Examination for Respiratory Parasites	251	(1)
Examination of Sputum and Tracheal Washes	251	(1)
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Urinary System	251	(1)
Collection of the Urine Sample	251	(1)
Urine Examination for Parasites	251	(1)
Diagnosis of Parasitism of the Skin	252	(1)
Skin Scrapings	252	(1)
Cellophane Tape Preparation	253	(1)
Gross Specimens	253	(1)
Diagnosis of Parasitism of Miscellaneous Body Systems	253	(2)
Parasites of the Eye	253	(1)
Parasites of the Ear	253	(1)
Parasites of the Genital Tract	254	(1)
Reference to Common Parasite Ova and Forms Seen in Veterinary Medicine	255	(6)
Common Parasites of Dogs and Cats	255	(2)
Common Parasites of Horses	257	(1)
Common Parasites of Ruminants	258	(1)
Common Parasites of Swine	259	(2)
APPENDIX. PARASITE REFERENCE LIST BY SPECIES AND PARASITE TYPE	261	(6)
Parasites of Dogs and Cats	261	(1)
Nematodes	261	(1)
Cestodes	261	(1)
Trematodes	261	(1)
Acanthocephalans	261	(1)
Protozoans	261	(1)
Arthropods	262	(1)
Pentastomes	262	(1)
Annelids	262	(1)
Parasites of Ruminants	262	(1)
Nematodes	262	(1)
Cestodes	262	(1)
Trematodes	262	(1)
Protozoans	262	(1)
Arthropods	263	(1)
Annelids	263	(1)
Parasites of Horses	263	(1)
Nematodes	263	(1)
Cestodes	263	(1)
Protozoans	263	(1)
Arthropods	263	(1)
Annelids	264	(1)
Parasites of Swine	264	(1)
Nematodes	264	(1)
Acanthocephalans	264	(1)
Protozoans	264	(1)
Arthropods	264	(1)
Annelids	264	(1)
Parasites of Birds	264	(1)
Nematodes	264	(1)
Tremtodes	264	(1)
Protozoans	264	(1)
Arthropods	264	(1)
Annelids	265	(1)
Parasites of Rabbits	265	(1)
Nematodes	265	(1)
Protozoans	265	(1)
Arthropods	265	(1)
Parasites of Guinea Pigs	265	(1)
Nematodes	265	(1)
Protozoans	265	(1)
Arthropods	265	(1)
Parasites of Rats	265	(1)
Nematodes	265	(1)
Cestodes	265	(1)
Protozoans	265	(1)
Arthropods	265	(1)
Parasites of Mice	265	(1)
Nematodes	265	(1)
Cestodes	266	(1)
Protozoans	266	(1)
Arthropods	266	(1)
Parasites of Hamsters	266	(1)
Nematodes	266	(1)
Cestodes	266	(1)
Protozoans	266	(1)
Arthropods	266	(1)
Parasites of Gerbils	266	(1)
Nematodes	266	(1)
Cestodes	266	(1)
Arthropods	266	(1)
Parasites of Fish	266	(1)
Protozoans	266	(1)
Parasites of Reptiles	266	(1)
Pentastomes	266	(1)
Glossary	267