Dialogues: An Argument Rhetoric And Reader

by Goshgarian, Gary; Krueger, Kathleen

• ISBN13: 9780321288462
• ISBN10: 0321288467
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780205642762, 9780321101464
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Dialogues represents argument not as a battle to be won, but as a process of dialogue and deliberation the exchange of opinions and ideas among people with different values and perspectives.Part One contains succinct instruction on analyzing and developing arguments, including critical reading, source documentation, and analyzing visual arguments. Part Two, updated with many new readings addressing current issues, offers a diverse collection of provocative essays from both the popular and scholarly medium. The lucid, lively, and engaging writing addresses students as writers and thinkers, without overwhelming them with unnecessary jargon or theory.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxv
PART ONE Strategies for Reading and Writing Arguments	1	(314)
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Persuasion: Thinking Like a Negotiator	3	(25)
Argument	3	(1)
What Makes an Argument?	4	(2)
Facts Are Not Arguable	4	(1)
Opinions Based on Personal Taste or Preference Are Not Arguable	5	(1)
Opinions Based on Judgments Are Arguable	6	(1)
The Uses of Argument	6	(1)
Debate	7	(6)
Formulating Claims	8	(1)
Creating Reasons	9	(2)
Anticipating Opposition	11	(2)
Moving from Debate to Dialogue	13	(1)
Dialogue	13	(1)
Deliberation	14	(2)
Deborah Tannen, "Taking a 'War of Words' Too Literally"	16	(12)
SAMPLE ARGUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS	20	(11)
Michael Lewis, "The Case Against Tipping"	21	(2)
Paul Finkelman, "This One's for the Birds"	23	(5)
CHAPTER 2 Reading Arguments: Thinking Like a Critic	28	(34)
Why Read Critically?	28	(1)
Preview the Reading	29	(2)
Skim the Reading	31	(3)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	32	(10)
Henry Wechsler, 'Binge Drinking Must Be Stopped"	32	(2)
Consider Your Own Experience	34	(1)
Annotate the Reading	35	(2)
Summarize the Reading	37	(3)
Analyze and Evaluate the Reading	40	(1)
Argue with the Reading	41	(1)
Create a Debate and Dialogue Between Two or More Readings	42	(2)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	42	(2)
Froma Harrop, "Stop Babysitting College Students" (student essay)	43	(1)
Construct a Debate	44	(4)
SAMPLE ARGUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS	46	(3)
Kathryn Stewart and Corina Sole, "Letter to the Editor" from the Washington Post	46	(1)
James C. Carter, S.J., "Letter to the Editor" from the Times-Picayune	47	(1)
Deliberate About the Readings	48	(1)
Look for Logical Fallacies	49	(13)
Ad Hominem Argument	50	(1)
Ad Misericordiam Argument	50	(1)
Ad Populum Argument	51	(1)
Bandwagon Appeal	52	(1)
Begging the Question	52	(1)
Circular Reasoning	53	(1)
Dicto Simpliciter	53	(1)
False Analogy	54	(1)
False Dilemma	55	(1)
Faulty Use of Authority	55	(1)
Hasty Generalization	56	(1)
Non Sequitur	56	(1)
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc	57	(1)
Red Herring	58	(1)
Slippery Slope	59	(1)
Stacking the Deck	59	(1)
Straw Man	60	(2)
CHAPTER 3 Finding Arguments: Thinking Like a Writer	62	(23)
The Writing Process	63	(1)
Prewriting	63	(1)
Drafting	63	(1)
Rewriting	63	(1)
Editing	64	(1)
Finding Topics to Argue	64	(2)
In Your Immediate Vicinity	64	(1)
In Your Larger Worlds	64	(1)
Keeping a Journal	65	(1)
Developing Argumentative Topics	66	(1)
Getting Started	66	(1)
Brainstorming	66	(1)
Finding Ideas Worth Writing About	67	(5)
Clustering	69	(1)
Freewriting	69	(2)
Asking Questions	71	(1)
Engaging in Dialogue with Others	72	(1)
Refining Topics	72	(13)
Reducing Your Options	72	(1)
Avoiding Overspecialized Topics	73	(1)
Formulating a Working Claim	73	(15)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	74	(1)
Stephanie Bower, "What's the Rush? Speed and Mediocrity in Local Television News" (student essay)	75	(10)
CHAPTER 4 Addressing Audiences: Thinking Like a Reader	85	(38)
The Target Audience	86	(1)
The General Audience	87	(1)
Guidelines for Knowing Your Audience	88	(3)
Using Debate and Dialogue	90	(1)
Adapting to Your Readers' Attitudes	91	(18)
Addressing a Neutral Audience	92	(1)
Addressing a Friendly Audience	93	(1)
Addressing an Unfriendly Audience	94	(15)
SAMPLE ARGUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS	96	(1)
C. Everett Koop, "Don't Forget the Smokers"	97	(1)
Jeff Jacoby, "What the Antismoking Zealots Really Crave"	99	(1)
Robert J. Samuelson, "Media Have Fallen for Misguided Antismoking Campaign"	101	(1)
Danise Cavallaro, "Smoking: Offended by the Numbers" (student essay)	103	(6)
Choosing Your Words	109	(14)
Distinguishing Denotation and Connotation	109	(1)
Being Specific	110	(3)
Using Figurative Language	113	(3)
Avoiding Clichés	116	(1)
Defining Technical Terms	117	(1)
Clarifying Familiar Terms	117	(1)
Stimulating Definitions	118	(1)
Avoiding Overdefinition	119	(1)
Using Sarcasm and Humor Sparingly	119	(4)
ChAPTER 5 Shaping Arguments: Thinking Like an Architect	123	(41)
Components of an Argument	123	(5)
The Beginning	124	(1)
The Middle	124	(3)
The End	127	(1)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	127	(1)
Clara Spotted Elk, "Indian Bones"	127	(1)
Analyzing the Structure	128	(4)
The Beginning	128	(1)
The Middle	129	(1)
The End	130	(2)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	130	(1)
Ron Karpati, "I Am the Enemy"	130	(2)
Analyzing the Structure	132	(4)
The Beginning	132	(1)
The Middle	132	(1)
The End	133	(1)
Blueprints for Arguments	133	(1)
The Formal Outline	134	(2)
Two Basic Shapes for Arguments	136	(1)
Position Arguments	136	(9)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	141	(2)
Bruce Wexler, "Poetry Is Dead. Does Anybody Really Care?"	141	(2)
Analysis of a Position Argument	143	(2)
Proposal Arguments	145	(19)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	148	(12)
Amanda Collins, "Bring East Bridgewater Elementary into the World" (student essay)	149	(11)
Analyzing the Structure	160	(4)
CHAPTER 6 Using Evidence: Thinking Like an Advocate	164	(20)
How Much Evidence Is Enough?	165	(1)
Why Arguments Need Supporting Evidence	165	(1)
Forms of Evidence	166	(5)
Personal Experience—Yours and Others'	167	(1)
Outside Authorities	168	(1)
Factual References and Examples	169	(1)
Statistics	170	(1)
Some Tips About Supporting Evidence	171	(13)
Do You Have a Sufficient Number of Examples to Support Your Claim?	171	(1)
Is Your Evidence Detailed Enough?	172	(1)
Is Your Evidence Relevant to the Claim You Make or to the Conclusion You Reach?	172	(1)
Does Your Conclusion (or Claim) Exceed the Evidence?	172	(1)
Is Your Evidence Up-to-Date and Verifiable?	173	(1)
Is Your Evidence Appropriate for Your Audience?	173	(1)
Is Your Evidence Slanted?	174	(11)
SAMPLE ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	176	(1)
Arthur Allen, "Prayer in Prison: Religion as Rehabilitation" (student essay)	177	(7)
CHAPTER 7 Establishing Claims: Thinking Like a Skeptic	184	(24)
The Toulmin Model	184	(1)
Toulmin's Terms	185	(3)
The Claim	185	(1)
The Grounds	185	(1)
The Warrant	185	(1)
The Backing	186	(1)
The Qualifiers	186	(1)
The Rebuttals	187	(1)
Finding Warrants	188	(6)
SAMPLE ARGUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS	190	(4)
Steven Pinker, "Why They Kill Their Newborns"	190	(4)
An Analysis Based on the Toulmin Model	194	(14)
Claims and Grounds	195	(1)
Warrants, Backing, and Rebuttals	196	(2)
Qualifiers	198	(4)
Michael Kelley, "Arguing for Infanticide"	199	(3)
SAMPLE STUDENT ARGUEMNT OFR ANALYSIS	202	(8)
Lowell Putnam, "Did I Miss Something?" (student essay)	202	(6)
CHAPTER 8 Using Visual Arguments: Thinking Like an Illustrator	208	(44)
Common Forms of Visual Arguments	208	(1)
Analyzing Visual Arguments	209	(1)
Art	210	(7)
Pablo Picasso's Guernica	210	(3)
Normal Rockwell's Freedom of Speech	213	(4)
Advertisements	217	(4)
Toyota Tacoma Truck Ad	217	(4)
Sample Ads for Analysis	221	(5)
Quaker Fruit 'n Crunch	223	(2)
Victoria's Dirty Secret	225	(1)
Editorial or Political Cartoons	226	(5)
Jack Ohman's "Cloned Embryo Department" Cartoon	227	(2)
Pat Bagley's "Back in Aught-Five ..." Cartoon	229	(1)
Daryl Cagle's "1 Hate Them" Cartoon	230	(1)
News Photographs	231	(3)
Ancillary Graphics: Tables, Charts, and Graphs	234	(18)
Numerical Tables	234	(3)
Line Graphs	237	(1)
Bar Graphs	238	(1)
Pie Charts	239	(1)
Tips for Using Ancillary Graphics	240	(13)
SAMPLE STUDENT ARGUMENT FOR ANALYSIS	240	(1)
Lee Innes, "Olympic Babes?" (student essay)	242	(10)
CHAPTER 9 Researching Arguments: Thinking Like an Investigator	252	(26)
Sources of Information	253	(2)
Primary Sources	253	(2)
Secondary Sources	255	(1)
A Search Strategy	255	(2)
Choosing Your Topic	255	(1)
Getting an Overview of Your Topic	256	(1)
Compiling a Working Bibliography	256	(1)
Sample Entries for an Annotated Bibliography	257	(1)
Locating Sources	258	(5)
Finding Periodicals	258	(2)
Finding Books	260	(1)
Finding Internet Sources	261	(2)
Evaluating Sources	263	(5)
Print Sources	263	(1)
Electronic Sources	263	(5)
Taking Notes	268	(2)
Summary	269	(1)
Paraphrase	269	(1)
Quotation	270	(1)
Drafting Your Paper	270	(3)
Incorporating Your Research	271	(1)
Attribution	272	(1)
Revising and Editing Your Paper	273	(5)
Preparing and Proofreading Your Final Manuscript	274	(1)
Plagiarism	275	(3)
DOCUMENTATION GUIDE MLA and APA Styles	278	(37)
Where Does the Documentation Go?	278	(1)
Documentation Style	279	(1)
A Brief Guide to MLA and APA Styles	280	(37)
Books	280	(4)
Articles	284	(2)
Electronic Sources	286	(2)
Miscellaneous Sources	288	(30)
SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPERS	290	(1)
Shannon O'Neill, "Literature Hacked and Torn Apart: Censorship in Public Schools" (MLA) (student essay)	291	(1)
Robin Fleishman, "Public Policy Proposal: Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Purposes" (APA) (student essay)	304	(11)
PART TWO The Readings	315	(472)
CHAPTER 10 Advertising and Consumerism	317	(94)
Hooking the Consumer	318	(28)
Targeting a New World	318	(5)
Joseph Turow
"With budgets that add up to hundreds of billions of dollars, the [advertising] industry exceeds the church and the school in its ability to promote images about our place in society—where we belong, why, and how we should act toward others."
Buy This 24-Year-Old and Get All His Friends Absolutely Free	323	(8)
Jean Kilbourne
"Although we like to think of advertising as unimportant, it is in fact the most important aspect of the mass media. It is the point."
Friendly Persuasion: The Growing Ubiquity of Advertising, or What Happens When Everyone Becomes an Ad?	331	(7)
John Fraim
"Ads have wandered away from their well-known hangouts in magazines and TV shows. Like alien-infected pod-people of early science fiction movies, they have stumbled out of these familiar media playgrounds and suddenly sprouted up everywhere."
Which One of These Sneakers Is Me?	338	(5)
Doug Rushkoff
"The battle in which our children are engaged seems to pass beneath our radar screens, in a language we don't understand. But we see the confusion and despair that results. How did we get in this predicament, and is there a way out?"
READING THE VISUAL: Logos, a History	343	(3)
Grace Conlon, Logoworks.com
The Quest for Stuff	346	(16)
Two Cheers for Consumerism	346	(4)
James Twitchell
Face it. We're all consumerists at heart. So why doesn't anyone want to talk about it?
READING THE VISUAL: Powerful Drug Advertising	349	(1)
Mike Lester
Manufacturing Desire	350	(3)
Harry Flood
Six bathrooms, four bedrooms, vaulted ceiling, indoor swimming pool, great room: How much house does anyone really need?
Confessions of a Shop-a-holic	353	(4)
Steven Danner
A confessed "shop-a-holic" outlines his twelve-step program toward recovery.
The $100 Christmas	357	(5)
Bill McKibben
A small revolt takes hold in the author's New England hometown when a local minister proposes families celebrate a "$100 holiday."
READING THE VISUAL: Bump	361	(1)
The Language of Advertising	362	(49)
With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything	362	(13)
William Lutz
"Advertisers use weasel words to appear to be making a claim for a product when in fact they are making no claim at all."
The Language of Advertising	375	(9)
Charles A. O'Neill
"The language of advertising is a language of finely engineered, ruthlessly purposeful messages."
Language Abuse	384	(8)
Herschell Gordon Lewis
"Today's marketers throw terms the way they'd throw confetti...and with just about as much impact."
Sexuality and Advertising	392	(5)
Arthur Asa Berger
"One of the problems sexploitation of the female body causes is a sense of inadequacy on the part of many women, who don't have the lean and boyish, or in some cases, anorexic bodies that so many supermodels do."
Sample Ads and Study Questions	397	(14)
Dentyne
Until
(Pump) Reebok
Got Milk?
Verizon
Kashi GOLEAN
CHAPTER 11 Gender Matters
Fitting In	411	(29)
Saplings in the Storm	411	(7)
Mary Pipher
"Something dramatic happens to girls in early adolescence. Just as planes and ships disappear mysteriously into the Bermuda Triangle, so do the selves of girls go down in droves. They crash and burn in a social and developmental Bermuda Triangle."
The Bully in the Mirror	418	(9)
Stephen S. Hall
"Tormented by an unattainable ideal, boys are learning what girls have long known: it isn't easy living in a Baywatch world."
READING THE VISUAL: NEDA Ad and BOD Ad	425	(2)
In the Combat Zone	427	(6)
Leslie Marmon Silko
"It isn't height or weight or strength that makes women easy targets; from infancy women are taught to be self sacrificing, passive victims."
Revisionist Feminism	433	(7)
Susan Faludi and Karen Lehrman
"Karen, I enter into this conversation with you about feminism with some misgivings. Not because I don't want to talk to you. It is just that 1 suspect it will be like a phone conversation where the connection's so bad neither party can hear the other through the static."
Gender Communications	440	(16)
Women Have More to Say on Everything	440	(3)
Tony Kornheiser
"Left to their own devices, girls go through life volubly answering questions. And boys? Multiple choice is way too complicated. Boys restrict themselves to true/false."
I'm Sorry, I Won't Apologize	443	(5)
Deborah Tannen
"It's as if there's a tenet that real men don't say they're sorry."
READING THE VISUAL: Asking for Directions	447	(1)
Don Reilly
In Each Other's Company	448	(2)
Herbert Gold
"No matter what good company I find in a man in a bar or on a commuter train, there remains that secret need to know: Will he pull me into the lifeboat when I am danger of swamping at sea?"
The Comfort of Friends	450	(6)
Anna Quindlen
"...the truth is that most of the women I know, in the midst of hectic, confusing and sometimes disappointing lives, find one of the greatest sources of strength in a circle of female friends."
Gender and Sports	456	(19)
Point-Counterpoint—Title IX: Battle of the Sexes Continues	456	(3)
Mary Ann Cooper
Since its passage [Title IX] has opened the door to many educational opportunities for females, but an increase in sports programs for women has attracted the most controversy.
Title IX to Blame for Loss of Baseball: A Letter to the Editor of the Iowa State Daily	459	(2)
Brian Gunsolley
"Just think if Title IX was imposed on life outside of school. WNBA players would have to be paid the same amount as Michael Jordan. Seem extreme? It should! And for those of you out there saying, 'Well, why don't WNBA players get paid at the same rate as Jordan?' I have one thing to say: Overall, men's sports are more exciting."
Title IX Creates Opportunity: Column in the Iowa State Daily	461	(2)
Ashley Pierson
"I didn't want it to come Out...but like a ticking time bomb, it was waiting for something, or someone to set it off. I am talking about my feminist nature, which stays fairly dormant until aggravated by ignorance and misinformation."
He's a Laker; She's a "Looker"	463	(10)
Jennifer L. Knight and Traci A. Giuliano
"Coverage of women's sport is inferior to that of men's not only in quantity but in quality.... Sport commentators and writers often allude or explicitly refer to a female athlete's attractiveness, emotionality, femininity, and heterosexuality...yet male athletes are depicted as powerful, independent, dominating, and valued."
READING THE VISUAL: Victory Lap	472	(1)
Wrestling with Resolutions	473	(3)
Jessica Foley
"One resolution that the team has come up with this semester is to have a dress up day every week. Yes, that's right ... we made a resolution just to look nice for class...no sweatpants...and no sneakers."
CHAPTER 12 Security and Freedom	475	(50)
Reacting to Terrorism Post-9/11	476	(18)
This Is What a Day Means	476	(4)
Andrew Sullivan
America "was a symbol that the world need not always be the impenetrably dark place it has often been. It was a sign that someplace, somewhere, was always secure...."
READING THE VISUAL: Predictable	484	(1)
Cam Cardow
Americans Don't Understand That Their Heritage Is Itself a Threat	480	(5)
Caleb Carr
"The terrorist obsession with the World Trade Center was, in this light, not irrational. In fact it was, viewed in the context of a war of cultures, entirely understandable."
Terrorists R' Us	485	(2)
Ziauddin Sardar
"Yes, terrorists r' (also) us...ordinary people consuming much too much...committing cultural genocide on the vast majority of humanity, plundering non-western economies in the name of free trade, and imposing our lifestyle and morality on the rest of humanity."
Terrorism and the Media	487	(4)
The Council on Foreign Relations
"Terrorism is calculated violence, usually against symbolic targets, designed to deliver a political or religious message.... Terrorists [tailor! their attacks to maximize publicity and get their messages out through all available channels."
News Judgment and Jihad	491	(3)
Mark Bowden
Terrorists depend on the cooperation of the media. It's time to stop providing it.
The Patriot Act and Personal Liberty	494	(19)
USA PATRIOT Act Overview	494	(8)
U.S. Department of Justice
The U.S. Department of Justice presents an overview of the Patriot Act, and explains why it feels it is essential in combating terrorism.
READING THE VISUAL: Speaking Out Loud	500	(1)
American Civil Liberties Union
In Defense of the Patriot Act	502	(2)
Heather MacDonald
"Hardly a day passes without a well-publicized denunciation of the government's alleged assault on civil liberties.... The charge[s are] baseless."
Patriotic Questions	504	(3)
Timothy Lynch
The director of the Cato Institute poses some questions about the Patriot Act to former Attorney General John D. Ashcroft.
Rhetoric vs. Reality	507	(6)
Barbara Comstock
The director of public affairs at the Department of Justice responds to Timothy Lynch's questions to John Ashcroft.
National ID Cards and Personal Privacy	513	(12)
The Case for a National ID Card	513	(2)
Margaret Carlson
Big Brother already knows where you live, says Margaret Carlson. Why not let him make you safer?
National ID Cards: 5 Reasons Why They Should Be Rejected	515	(3)
American Civil Liberties Union
"The creation of a national ID card remains a misplaced, superficial 'quick fix.'It offers only a false sense of security and will not enhance our security—but will pose serious threats to our civil liberties and civil rights. A national ID will not keep us safe or free."
A National ID Card Wouldn't Make Us Safer	518	(3)
Bruce Schneien
"My primary objection isn't the totalitarian potential of national IDs....My objection to the national ID card...is much simpler: It won't work."
You'll Love Those National ID Cards	521	(5)
Amitai Etzioni
"We live in a new world, and now must make some careful adjustments to our way of life."
CHAPTER 13 Individual Rights and Personal Responsibility	525	(65)
Free Speech on Campus	526	(41)
Free Speech for You But Not for Me?	526	(6)
Mary Beth Marklem
"As campus officials look for ways to accommodate the growing diversity of their student bodies, an increasingly vocal number of students....say there is little room for their opinions and beliefs."
Speech Pathology	532	(3)
Harvey A. Silverglate
"At first glance, [Shippensburg's speech] code seems like it was written for a drug-treatment center, or even a psychiatric hospital complete with 'quiet rooms' and other soothing facilities for the severely disturbed. But Shippensburg is a real university."
READING THE VISUAL: Student Rally	541
Hate Speech Harms Public Discourse	535	(7)
Richard Delgado
"Hate speech may well make the speaker feel better, but it does not make the victim safer....permitting a person to say something hateful to another increases, not reduces, the chance that he or she will do so again. Moreover, others may feel that they can follow suit."
Regulating Racist Speech on Campus	542	(4)
Charles R. Lawrence III
"University officials who have formulated policies to respond to incidents of racial harassment have been characterized in the press as 'thought police,' but such policies generally do nothing more than impose sanctions against intentional face-to-face insults."
The Man in the Maelstrom: An Interview with Ward Churchill	546	(8)
Pamela White
"I wanted to talk about what it was I said, not my right to say it. But I've suddenly become the poster boy for academic freedom. This is something I can't back up an inch on. I simply cannot."
There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It's a Good Thing, Too	554	(13)
Stanley Fish
"Free speech...is not an independent value but a political prize, and if that prize has been captured by a politics opposed to yours, it can no longer be invoked in ways that further your purposes, for now it is an obstacle to those purposes."
Should Colleges Regulate Student Drinking?	567	(23)
Welcome to the Fun-Free University	567	(4)
David Weigel
"Many college administrators throughout the country are taking great pains to keep their students under tight control. The return of in loco parentis is killing student freedom."
Who's Serving?	571	(4)
Anne M. Weeks
"In recent years, I have found a small but vocal group of graduates who complain that the social scene on their respective campuses provides little that is not alcohol-related"
Parental Notification: Fact or Fiction	575	(7)
Joel Epstein
On campuses across the country, inebriated students are being written up and told that under a newly enacted disciplinary policy their parents will be notified. Can a school really confront student drinking in this manner?
READING THE VISUAL: Binge Drinking at an All-Time High	581	(1)
Brian Fairrington
All Hail the Medulla Oblongata!	582	(2)
Danise Cavallaro
You are a freshman at your first frat party. Are any of those DARE lectures about the dangers and horrors of alcohol you saw in high school coming back to you? No, and when your beer cup is empty, you will likely refill it. And what's wrong with that?
Can Tougher Laws Slow Underage Drinking?	584	(7)
Bryan Knowles
"While 21 may be the legal drinking age in the U.S., no scientific evidence exists proving this is the age at which young people can safely begin drinking alcohol. Leaving prohibitions on alcohol largely to the family is the best tactic if the aim is to reduce binge drinking by minors."
READING THE VISUAL: NASULCG/Anheuser-Busch Spring Break Ad	587	(3)
CHAPTER 14 Family and Relationships	590	(59)
What About Marriage?	591	(28)
What's Happening to Marriage?	591	(5)
The National Marriage Project
"...Most Americans continue to prize and value marriages as an important life goal....But when men and women marry today, they are entering a union that looks very different from the one that their parents or grandparents entered."
Single Mothers: A Menace to Society?	596	(8)
Stephanie Coontz
Everyone's blaming society's ills on single moms. The author is one, and she's tired of taking the heat.
READING THE VISUAL: Families on Television	602	(2)
Marriage and Divorce American Style	604	(7)
E. Mavis Hetherington
"Before betting the farm on marriage...policy makers should take another look at the research. Lt reveals that there are many kinds of marriage and not all are salutary."
READING THE VISUAL: 2004 Marriage Trends	609	(1)
The National Marriage Project
Let's Get Married	611	(8)
Interview with James Q. Wilson
"Marriage is a fragile institution. Unless you enforce it by social mechanisms including shame for not being married, stigma for having a child out of wedlock, then we will see marriage continue to suffer"
Gay Marriage..."We Do?"	619	(15)
The "M" Word	619	(3)
Andrew Sullivan
"When people talk about gay marriage,' they miss the point. This isn't about gay marriage. It's about marriage. It's about family. It's about love."
Same-Sex Marriage	622	(5)
Laurie Essig
"The reality is that I don't want to marry Liza (nor she me). In fact, I'm against same-sex marriage for the same reasons I'm against all marriage."
READING THE VISUAL: Wedding Day	625	(2)
What's Love Got to Do with It?	627	(4)
E.G. Graff
"While modern folk take for granted that marriage is about love, it's really a historically peculiar—even radical—idea."
"Gay Marriage" Confusions	631	(3)
Thomas Sowell
"Marriage is a social contract because the issues involved go beyond the particular individuals. Unions of a man and a woman produce the future generations on whom the fate of the whole society depends. Society has something to say about that."
Rethinking Adoption	634	(15)
A 21st-Century Adoption Overview	634	(2)
Lois Melina
"Today it is widely accepted that adoption is not simply a legal process and social institution, but is another way of forming family relationships. And family relationships are anything but simple."
Tracking Down Mom	636	(3)
John Cloud
Should adopted children have the right to uncover their birth parents? More states are trying to open the records.
Triumph, Tragedy, Farce	639	(3)
Sam Schulman
"Who's Your Daddy?" can be easily dismissed as a new low in the new 'reality' of television. But it may be more than that, underscoring, in its way, a change in our attitudes toward adoption."
End to Secrecy	642	(2)
Marianne Means
"Parents [who have given up their children for adoption] have counted on the presumption—usually based on a specific promise from state officials—that the stigma of an unwanted pregnancy would not be revived years later by a forced confrontation with accusatory offspring."
Alien Among Us	644	(6)
Batty
"To hide my alien-ness, I made myself the perfect Asian American. I assimilated every stereotype there was, just out of gratitude for my salvation. You saved me, white America. I can at least make myself easier for you to deal with."
CHAPTER 15 Race and Ethnicity	649	(67)
Stereotypes: How They Hurt	650	(18)
Familiar Strangers	650	(3)
Ray Suárez
"Middle-class Hispanics are inevitably class straddlers...economically tethered to whites while maintaining strong emotional bonds to Hispanics."
The Myth of the Latina Woman	653	(6)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
"There are...thousands of Latinas without the privilege of an education or the entrée into society that I have. For them life is a struggle against the misconceptions perpetuated by the myth of the Latina as whore, domestic or criminal."
Fairness for America's Muslims	659	(2)
Omar Ahmad
"With negative stereotypes prevailing among more than a quarter of the American people, there is no wonder that reported hate crimes and discrimination against Muslim Americans [have] increased."
Sorry for Not Being a Stereotype	661	(2)
Rita Pyrillis
"You don't look Indian, a woman told me once. I asked her what an Indian is supposed to look like. 'You know. Long black hair, braids, feathers, beads.'"
Who Is a Whiz Kid?	663	(5)
Ted Gup
"Stereotypes that hint at superiority in one race implicitly suggest inferiority in another. They are ultimately divisive, and in their most virulent form, even deadly."
READING THE VISUAL: Chief Wahoo	666	(2)
Assimilation and Immigration	668	(19)
The Return of the Melting Pot	668	(4)
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
"We used to say e pluribus unum. Now we glorify pluribus and belittle unum. The melting pot yields to the Tower of Babel."
Forging a New Vision of America's Melting Pot	672	(4)
Gregory Rodriguez
"Rather than upholding the segregated notion of a country divided by mutually exclusive groups, Mexican-Americans might use their experience to imagine an America in which racial, ethnic and cultural groups collide to create new ways of being American."
Diversity and Its Discontents	676	(8)
Arturo Madrid
"In short, diversity is desirable only in principle, not in practice....We desire, we like, we admire diversity, not unlike the way the French (and others) appreciate women; that is, Vive la difference!—as long as it stays in its place."
Please Ask Me Who, Not "What," I Am	684	(3)
Jordan Lite
"My ethnicity isn't obvious at first glance. But why should it matter to people I've just met?"
Racial Profiling	687	(29)
You Can't Judge a Crook by His Color	687	(6)
Randall Kennedy
Racial profiling may be justified, but is it still wrong?
In Defense of Racial Profiling	693	(9)
John Derbyshire
"By far the largest number of Americans angry about racial profiling are law-abiding black people who feel...that they are the victims of a negative stereotype. They are. Unfortunately, a negative stereotype can be correct, and even useful."
READING THE VISUAL: Pulling Teeth	700	(1)
American Civil Liberties Union
Are You a Terrorist, or Do You Play One on TV?	702	(5)
Laura Fokkena
"Racial profiling and ethnic stereotyping are nothing new to Americans of Middle Eastern descent....Nowhere is this game of Pin-the-BombThreat-on-the-Muslim more obvious than at the airport."
The Racial Profiling Myth Debunked	707	(5)
Heather MacDonald
"The anti–racial profiling juggernaut has finally met its nemesis: the truth."
Hailing While Black	712	(5)
Shelby Steele
Are we debating racism in America or merely defending our ideologies?
CHAPTER 16 Casebook: Young and Criminal	716	(42)
Adult Crime, Adult Time: Outdated Juvenile Laws Thwart Justice	717
Linda J. Collier
"Children who knowingly engage in adult conduct and adult crimes should automatically be subject to adult rules and adult prison time."
Young and Arrestless	702	(24)
T. Markus Funk
"Supporters say expungement is an enlightened practice that forgives youthful transgressions. But expungement is actually an astonishingly counterproductive policy that benefits only young criminals."
The Maximum Security Adolescent	726	(9)
Margaret Talbot
The juvenile justice system, founded on the idea that childhood is a distinct stage of life, is being dismantled, with more and more teenagers imprisoned as adults. The tough-on-crime crowd has won, but what kind of society has been left behind?
The Apocalypse of Adolescence	735	(12)
Ron Powers
"Since the end of World War II adolescents have been chafing against an ever more impervious, unheeding social system....And now it's expressed by the kids who carry out school shootings and other acts of vicious and inexplicable violence."
READING THE VISUAL: Supreme Court Approves Execustion for Juveniles	746	(1)
Mike Keefe
Crackdown on Kids	747	(6)
Annette Fuentes
Although violent crimes like the recent shooting sprees in Colorado and California are a rarity, they've become the rationale for a host of crackdown policies on teens. Will this new mood of "meanness" toward children help stop the violence?
READING THE VISUAL: Juvenile Arrest Rates	752	(1)
Center for Juvenile Justice
From Schoolhouse to Jailhouse	753	(5)
Judith Browne
"The truth is, juvenile violence and school violence, in particular are on the decline. Zero tolerance and its outgrowth—overzealous arrests of students for minor conduct-are a cure in search of a disease."
CHAPTER 17 Casebook: Church and State
The Wall That Never Was	758	(8)
Hugh Heclo
"A hundred years ago, advanced thinkers were all but unanimous in dismissing religion as a relic of mankind's mental infancy. What's being dismissed today is the idea that humanity will outgrow religion."
Why We're Not One Nation "Under God"	766	(6)
David Greenberg
"Since the founding, critics of America's secularism have repeatedly sought to break down the church-state wall."
READING THE VISUAL: Pledge of Allegiance Protest	771	(1)
God of Our Fathers	772	(2)
Walter Isaacson
"Whenever an argument arises about the role that religion should play in our civic life, such as the dispute over the phrase 'under God' in the Pledge of Allegiance...assertions about the faith of the founders are invariably bandied about."
Public Prayers on State Occasions Need Not Be Divisive or Generic	774	(6)
Charles Haynes
"Since it's difficult to imagine any...president eliminating the tradition of opening and closing the inauguration with prayer; is there a way to pray that is genuine and vet somehow speaks to our nation's expanding diversity?"
READING THE VISUAL: Church and State	778	(1)
USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll
What Happy Holidays?	780	(2)
Cathy Young
"Peace on Earth? Forget it. Nowadays, Christmas is a battle in the culture wars."
Deck the Halls?	782	(5)
Bridget Samburg
"The tension that we face is a larger tension about what the relationship of religion and state should be in America. We agree that the notion of a triumphant Christianity in society or in the classroom is inappropriate."
Credits	787	(6)
Index	793