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A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Sentence Patterns

by Chino, Naoko

ISBN13: 9784770026088
ISBN10: 4770026080
Additional ISBN(s): 9781568365107, 9784770023360
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 2000-08-01
Publisher: Kodansha USA
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1. A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Sentence Patterns > ISBN13: 9784770026088

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Summary

A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Sentence Patterns is a fundamental learning tool for all students of the Japanese language, whether they be unblemished beginners or scarred veterans. With both types of struggling student, as well as for all the gradations that fall in between, there is a strong tendency, in the heat of battle, to lose sight of the essential nature of the Japanese sentence. It is for just such people that this dictionary has been created, to help them keep their eyes fixed firmly on the target and not be led astray. The dictionary contains fifty of the most fundamental Japanese sentence patterns as well as sixty-nine variations. This number covers all the patterns that are needed for levels 3 and 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. Each pattern and variation is clearly defined by a formula given in Japanese, romanization, and English. Each is exemplified by sample sentences (both in single sentences and in dialogues), and each is represented in both polite and informal usage. By means of this approach, the essential nature of the Japanese sentence is clarified, and once that has been done, the many patterns and variations fall easily into place. The simple, undisguised truth is that there are only three types of sentence in Japanese, and all of the convolutions and complications that distract and bemuse the student are nothing more than modifications of these three fundamental types. The study of the Japanese sentence need not be as difficult as it is seems. A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Sentence Patterns may be used as a reference book to look up individual patterns for the purpose of learning, confirming, or reapproaching them, or it may be used as a textbook to be read from beginning to end, providing an overview of the Japanese sentence while buttressing the student's grasp of individual patterns. Naoko Chino, the author of the best-selling All about Particles and Japanese Verbs at a Glance, has again presented one of the more forbidding aspects of the language in a way that is both approachable and eminently comprehensible. Main Features - Fifty of the Most Common Basic Patterns - Sixty-nine Variations of the Basic Patterns - Formulas Delineating Basic Pattern Structure - Definitions of Terms Used in the Formulas - Polite Example Sentences and Dialogues - Informal Example Sentences and Dialogues - Commentary on Individual Usages - All the Basic Patterns Needed for Levels 3 & 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test

Author Biography

NAOKO CHINO is a lecturer at Sophia University, Tokyo, and the author of All About Particles and Japanese Verbs at a Glance.

Preface

(9)

Abbreviations and Definitions

(2)

PART 1 Noun and Adjective Sentences

(92)

Basic Patterns 1-3

(30)

Noun Sentence

(1)

Adjective Sentence

(4)

Adjective Modifying the Subject

(3)

Noun Sentence with mo after the Subject

(1)

Adjective Sentence with mo after the Subject

(2)

Noun Sentence in Past Tense

(1)

I-adjective and Na-adjective Sentences in Past Tense

(3)

Noun and Adjective Sentences as Questions

(4)

Questions with interrogative Words

(2)

N2 desu ka, N3 desu ka as Predicate in Questions

(3)

Negative Noun and Adjective Sentences

(5)

Basic Patterns 4-5

(20)

Noun Sentences with N2 no N3 as Predicate

(4)

Noun Sentence with N2 no as Predicate

(2)

Noun and Adjective Sentences with N1 no N2 as Subject

(2)

Noun Sentence with N2 to N3 as Predicate

(2)

Noun and Adjective Sentence with N1 to N2 as Subject

(3)

Two Noun Sentences Connected by de

(2)

Adjective Sentence with Adj1 te/de Adj2 as Predicate

(2)

Adjective Sentence with Adjectives Connected by shi/da shi

(3)

Basic Patterns 6-14

(20)

Adjective Sentence with Topic (wa) and Subject (ga)

(2)

Adjective Sentences with Topic/Subject and shi/da shi

(2)

Adjective Sentences Connected by ga/da ga

(1)

Adjective Sentences Connected by te/de

(3)

Noun Sentence with the Subject Omitted

(2)

Adjective Question with dochira and Answer with ho

(2)

Adjective Sentence Stating Preference with ho and yori

(2)

Adjective Question with dore and Answer with ichiban

(2)

Adjective Sentence Indicating Equality with onaji kurai

(2)

Adjective Sentence Indicating Inequality with hodo...nai

(2)

Basic Patterns 15-17

100

(21)

Subjunctive Adjective Sentence with tara/dattara

100

(2)

Subjunctive Adjective Sentence with to/da to

102

(2)

Subjunctive I-adjective Sentence with kereba

104

(2)

Subjunctive Adjective Sentence with nara

106

(2)

Adjective Sentence about Appearance with-so

108

(2)

Negative Adjective Sentence about Appearance with-so

110

(2)

Adjective Sentence Indicating Hearsay with so

112

(2)

Negative Adjective Sentence Indicating Hearsay with so

114

(3)

Conjectural Noun and Adjective Sentences with daro to omoimasu

117

(4)

PART 2 Verb Sentences

121

(152)

Basic Pattern 18

122

(25)

Verbs of Existence for Inanimate and Animate Objects

122

(3)

Verbs of Existence with mo after the Subject

125

(2)

Verbs of Existence in Questions

127

(2)

Verbs of Existence with Interrogatives

129

(3)

Verbs of Existence in the Negative

132

(2)

Negative Verbs of Existence with mo after the Subject

134

(3)

Verbs of Existence in the Past Tense

137

(4)

Verbs of Existence with Place (ni) and Subject

141

(2)

Verbs of Existence with Subject and Place (ni)

143

(4)

Basic Patterns 19-22

147

(21)

V-masu Sentence in the Present/Future Tense

147

(2)

V-masu Sentence with mo after the Subject

149

(2)

V-masu Sentence as Question

151

(1)

V-masu Sentence in the Negative

152

(2)

V-masu Sentence in the Past Tense

154

(1)

Time Indicated by ni

155

(2)

Direction of Movement Indicated by ni/e

157

(1)

Time (ni) and Movement (ni/e)

158

(2)

Direct Object Indicated by o

160

(2)

Direct Object (o) and Location (de)

162

(2)

Time (ni), Location (de), and Direct Object (o)

164

(2)

Purpose of V-masu Verb Indicated by ni

166

(2)

Basic Patterns 23-27

168

(27)

Te imasu Showing Action in Progress

168

(2)

Te imasu Showing Regular or Habitual Action

170

(2)

Te imasu Showing an Unintentional State or Condition

172

(2)

Te arimasu Showing an Intentional State or Condition

174

(1)

Te Form Indicating Successive Actions

175

(2)

Te kara Indicating One Action Occurs after Another

177

(2)

Mae ni Indicating One Action Occurs before Another

179

(1)

Te kudasai for a Polite Request

180

(2)

Nai de kudasai for a Negative Polite Request

182

(2)

Te kudasaimasen ka for a Polite Request

184

(1)

Te itadakemasen ka for a Polite Request

185

(1)

Te hoshii for a Request

186

(2)

Requesting Permission with te mo ii desu ka

188

(2)

Requesting Permission with te mo kamaimasen ka

190

(2)

Saying ``Shouldn't'' with te wa ikemasen

192

(1)

Expression Prohibition with dame desu

193

(2)

Basic Patterns 28-29

195

(13)

Giving with agemasu

195

(2)

Receiving with moraimasu

197

(3)

Giving with kuremasu

200

(2)

Doing Something for Another with te agemasu

202

(2)

Being the Recipient of an Action with te moraimasu

204

(2)

Giving with te kuremasu

206

(2)

Basic Patterns 30-41

208

(31)

Inviting with V-masen ka

208

(2)

Inviting with V-masho

210

(1)

Inviting with V-masho ka

211

(1)

Showing Intention with tsumori

212

(1)

Showing Negative Intention with V-nai tsumori

213

(2)

Showing Intention with V-yo to omoimasu

215

(2)

Expressing a Desire with V-tai

217

(2)

Expressing a Desire with V-tai to omoimasu/omotte imasu

219

(1)

Expressing Ability with V koto ga dekimasu

220

(2)

Expressing Ability with V (potential)-masu

222

(1)

Becoming Able with V(potential) yo ni narimasu/narimashita

223

(2)

Commencing an Action with V yo ni narimasu/narimashita

225

(1)

Avoiding an Action with V-nai yo ni V-masu

226

(2)

Stating Previous Experience (V-ta koto ga arimasu)

228

(1)

Indicating Habitual Action with V koto ga/mo arimasu

229

(2)

Indicating Habitual Actions with V-tari V-tari shimasu

231

(2)

Offering Advice with V-ta ho ga ii/yokatta

233

(1)

Offering Advice with V-nai ho ga ii/yokatta

234

(3)

Doing Things in Advance with V-te okimasu

237

(2)

Basic Patterns 42-46

239

(14)

Expressing Duty and Necessity with V-nakereba narimasen/ikemasen

239

(2)

Expressing Duty and Necessity with V-nakute mo ii/kamaimasen

241

(1)

Verb Modifying Noun (V N)

242

(2)

Negative Verb Modifying Noun (V-nai N)

244

(2)

Expressing Hearsay with V so

246

(1)

Expressing Negative Hearsay with V-nai so

247

(1)

Conjecturing and Making Suppositions with V-so

248

(2)

Conjecturing and Making Suppositions with V yo

250

(1)

Conjecturing and Making Suppositions with V rashii

251

(2)

Basic Pattern 47

253

(7)

The Subjunctive with V-tara

253

(2)

The Subjunctive with V-ba

255

(2)

The Subjunctive with to

257

(3)

Basic Patterns 48-50

260

(13)

Direct Passive (N ni [transitive] V[passive]-masu)

260

(2)

Indirect Passive (N ni [intransitive] V[passive]-masu)

262

(2)

Suffering Passive (N ni N o [transitive] V[passive]-masu)

264

(1)

Causative with N o/ni V(causative)-masu

265

(2)

Causative with N o/ni N o V(causative)-masu

267

(1)

Causative Passive with N ni V(causative-passive)-masu

268

(2)

Causative Passive with N ni N o V(causative-passive)-masu

270

(3)

Appendices

273

(27)

Verb Conjugation Chart

274

(18)

Adjective Inflection Chart

292

(8)

Index

300

Supplemental Materials

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A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Sentence Patterns

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Rewards Program