Differentiated Instructional Strategies for Science, Grades K-8

by Gayle H. Gregory

• ISBN13: 9781412916516
• ISBN10: 1412916518
• Edition: CD
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2008-02-26
• Publisher: Corwin Pr

Summary

"This book addresses a real area of need and contains an abundant set of strategies." a??Susan Koba, Educational Consultant "This is an excellent sourcebook for science teachers who are looking for strategies to engage diverse learners." a??Phyllis Milne, Associate Director of School Administration York County School Division, Yorktown, VA Help all your students "do" science confidently and successfully! Preparing students to understand and adapt to the rapid pace of scientific and technological changes is an important educational priority. Using proven strategies for differentiating instruction, authors Gayle H. Gregory and Elizabeth Hammerman provide a blueprint for strengthening science instruction and accommodating students' individual learning styles. This educator-friendly resource is aligned with national science curriculum standards and includes: Grade-appropriate sample lessons and strategies for inquiry-based, problem-based, and cooperative learning Guidelines for creating performance tasks that have real-world applications Methods for using data-based assessment before, during, and after learning A collection of templates, planners, checklists, and graphic organizers A CD-ROM with reproducibles for classroom instruction Rich in content and tools, Differential Instructional Strategies for Science, Grades Ka??8 is the perfect resource to help elementary and middle school students become more creative and engaged thinkers and inquirers.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xv
Differentiated Instruction	p. xvi
Teaching Matters	p. xvi
Clarifying Instructional Goals	p. xvii
Differentiated Instruction in Action	p. xviii
Effective Science Education	p. 1
Creating a Climate for Differentiated Instruction	p. 3
A Climate for Learning	p. 3
A Safe and Enriched Environment	p. 4
Internet Resources Related to Health and Safety	p. 4
Natural Learning Systems	p. 5
Emotional Learning System	p. 6
Social Learning System	p. 6
Physical Learning System	p. 7
Cognitive Learning System	p. 7
Reflective Learning System	p. 7
Learning Systems With Links to National Standards	p. 8
A Planning Guide for Differentiated Instruction	p. 9
Phases of the Planning Guide	p. 9
Scientific and Technological Literacy for the Twenty-First Century	p. 13
Scientific Literacy	p. 13
Science Education Standards	p. 14
Unifying Concepts and Processes	p. 15
Process and Thinking Skills in K-8 Science	p. 17
Dispositions That Underlie Science	p. 17
Dimensions of Learning	p. 17
Technological Literacy	p. 21
Views of Technology	p. 21
Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)	p. 22
Knowing the Learner	p. 25
Multicultural Education	p. 25
Multicultural Education in Science	p. 26
Gender Equity	p. 27
Gender Equity in Science	p. 28
Learning Modalities	p. 29
Learning and Thinking Styles	p. 29
Kolb's Learning Styles	p. 30
McCarthy's 4MAT System	p. 32
Gregorc's Thinking Styles	p. 32
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences	p. 32
Eight Intelligences Linked to Science	p. 33
Sternberg's View of Intelligence	p. 41
Learning Activities Linked to Intelligences	p. 41
Strategies for Preassessment	p. 43
Assessing Prior Knowledge	p. 43
Addressing Misconceptions	p. 45
Pretest of Concepts	p. 46
Pretest of Skills	p. 46
Designing Differentiated Instruction	p. 49
Methods and Effective Practices for Increasing Student Achievement	p. 51
Methods for Teaching and Learning Science	p. 52
The Roles of Teachers and Students in Methods	p. 55
Research-Based Effective Practices	p. 55
Strategies Linked to Brain Research and Classroom Practices	p. 58
Science Notebooks as Tools for Learning	p. 58
Lab Reports	p. 61
Grouping	p. 61
Cooperative Learning	p. 64
Adjustable Assignments	p. 65
Curriculum Compacting	p. 69
Strategies for Activating and Engaging	p. 73
Strategies for Engagement	p. 73
K-W-L Charts	p. 74
Discrepant Events	p. 74
School Site Investigations	p. 76
Informal Learning Environments	p. 76
Video Clips	p. 77
Guest Speakers	p. 79
Displays	p. 79
Literature in Science	p. 80
Case Studies	p. 80
Strategies for Acquiring and Exploring	p. 83
Inquiry Defined	p. 83
Traditional Versus Inquiry-Based Classrooms	p. 84
Factors That Support Inquiry and Differentiated Instruction in Science	p. 85
Environments That Support Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning	p. 85
Classroom Features	p. 87
Equipment and Supplies	p. 88
Management Strategies	p. 88
Problem-Based Learning	p. 91
Examples of PBL Topics	p. 91
Projects	p. 92
Models	p. 93
Booklets, Posters, and Brochures	p. 94
Projects at the Primary, Intermediate, and Middle Grade Levels	p. 94
Science Fair Projects	p. 95
Product Testing and Survey Research	p. 96
Science and Technological Design	p. 97
Presentations	p. 97
Stations	p. 97
Examples of Stations at the Primary Grade Level	p. 98
Example of Stations at the Intermediate Grade Level	p. 99
Example of Stations at the Middle Grade Level	p. 99
Centers	p. 100
Structured Centers	p. 100
Exploratory Centers	p. 101
Relearning Centers	p. 101
Assessment for Stations and Centers	p. 102
Choice Boards	p. 104
Choice Boards for a Primary Level Study of Animals	p. 105
Contracts	p. 105
Contract for Rocks and Minerals	p. 105
Choice Board for Activities	p. 110
Computer-Based Technologies as Tools for Learning	p. 111
Strategies for Explaining, Applying, and Creating Meaning	p. 115
Group Discussion	p. 115
Questions for Thinking and Problem Solving	p. 116
Discussion Starters	p. 117
Nonlinguistic Representations for K-8 Science	p. 118
Charts	p. 118
Data Tables and Graphs	p. 118
Creating Graphs	p. 123
Bar Graphs	p. 123
Line Graphs	p. 123
Circle Graphs	p. 123
Six Types of Graphic Organizers	p. 126
Four-Corner Organizer	p. 130
Strategies for Elaborating and Extending Learning	p. 133
Beyond the Basics	p. 133
Games That Enhance Learning	p. 134
Cubing	p. 134
Cubing With Questions About the Moon	p. 135
Jigsaw	p. 135
Analogies and Similes	p. 138
Analogies	p. 138
Similes	p. 138
Similes for a Middle Grade Unit on Cells	p. 139
Strategies for Assessing and Evaluating Learning	p. 141
Assessment and Evaluation	p. 141
Assessment Strategies in the Science Classroom	p. 142
Performance Tasks for Learning and Assessment	p. 142
Creating Rubrics for Teacher Assessment and Self-Assessment	p. 152
Holistic Rubrics	p. 153
Generalized Rubrics	p. 153
Analytic Rubrics	p. 155
Planning Differentiated Instruction: The Key to Success	p. 158
Considerations, Resources, and Strategies for Differentiating Instruction in Science	p. 158
References	p. 163
Index	p. 171
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