Diffusion MRI

by Derek K Jones

• ISBN13: 9780195369779
• ISBN10: 0195369777
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-12-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Since its initial development in the mid-1980's, and wide accessibility to perform diffusion MRI on all MRI scanners, the use of diffusion MRI has exploded. Nearly every MRI centre carries out diffusion MRI of some kind. Obtaining good quality diffusion MRI and making sound and robust inferences from the data is not trivial, however, and involves a long chain of events from ensuring that the hardware is performing optimally, the pulse sequence is carefully designed, the acquisition is optimal, the data quality is maximized while artifacts are minimized, the appropriate post-processing is used, and, where appropriate, the appropriate statistical testing is used, and the data are interpreted correctly. Professor Derek Jones, a world authority on diffusion MRI, has assembled most of the world's leading scientists and clinicians developing and applying diffusion MRI to produce an authorship list that reads like a "Who's Who" of the field and a definitive, didactic and essential reference volume for those working with diffusion MRI. Renowned for the clarity of his presentations, Prof Jones has worked closely with each author to ensure that the material is presented in the best possible and accessible manner. The book is aimed at those wishing to really understand where the diffusion signal comes from, and obtain a thorough grounding in the theory, methods and applications of diffusion MRI. The aim here is not to 'skim the surface' - but to dig deep into each topic - so that a thorough grounding is obtained. In assembling these topics (many of which have never previously appeared in a text book on the topic), Prof Jones carefully balances theoretical treatments with practical considerations. Destined to be a modern classic, this definitive and richly illustrated reference volume deserves a place on the bookshelf of all imaging centres.

Author Biography

Prof Derek Jones has worked in the field of diffusion MRI since 1995. He is considered a world leader making many respected contributions to the literature on all aspects of the diffusion pipeline from raw data acquisition through to clinical applications. He reported on one of the first ever applications of diffusion tensor imaging to study disease, the first ever attempt to map human brain connectivity using DT-MRI, and proposed what has become the industry standard approach to arranging gradient encoding vectors. He has twice served as Chairman of the Diffusion / Perfusion study group of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, and is now Professor and Director of MRI at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC).

Table of Contents

Contributors

What Are We Studying and Why?

The Functional Anatomy of White Matter: From Postmortem Dissections to In Vivo Virtual Tractography

Neurobiology of White Matter Disorders

Invasive Methods for Tracing White Matter Architecture

The Basics of Diffusion MRI

The Physics of Diffusion

Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Imaging: Introduction and Concepts

Anisoptropic Diffusion: From the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to the Apparent Diffusion Tensor

What Makes Diffusion Anisotropic in the Nervous System?

Biophysics of Diffusion in Cells

Extracting Geometric Properties of White Matter with q-Space Diffusion MRI (QSI)

The Cumulant Expansion: An Overarching Mathematical Framework For Understanding Diffusion NMR

Experimental Aspects of Diffusion MRI

Hardware Considerations for Diffusion MRI

EPI-Based Pulse Sequences for Diffusion Tensor MRI

Non-EPI Pulse Sequences for Diffusion MRI

Phase Errors in Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Optimal Approaches to Diffusion MRI Acquisition

Least Squares Approaches to Diffusion Tensor Estimation

Artifacts in Diffusion MRI - Carlo Pierpaoli: Image Distortion and Its Correction in Diffusion MRI

Artifacts in Diffusion MRI

Quality Assurance for Diffusion MRI

Statistical Issues in Diffusion Tensor MRI

Visualization of Diffusion MRI Data

Fiber Tracking

Deterministic White Matter Tractography

Probabilistic White Matter Tractography

Connectivity-Based Parcellation of Gray Matter

Diffusion Tensor Microimaging and its Applications

Anatomical Validation of DTI and Tractography

Crossing Fibers

Mathematics of Crossing Fibers

The Biophysics of Crossing Fibers

Diffusion MRI of Brain Disorders

Strategies for Patient-Control Comparison of Diffusion MR Data

DTI in Brain Development

Diffusion in Acute Stroke

Diffusion in Chronic Stroke and Small Vessel Disease

Diffusion Imaging in Brain Tumors

Diffusion Tensor MRI in Multiple Sclerosis

Diffusion MRI in Epilepsy

DTI and Tractography in Neurosurgical Planning

Diffusion MRI in Psychiatric Disorders

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders

Diffusion MRI Beyond White Matter

Diffusion Imaging in Gray Matter

Diffusion Imaging in the Optic Nerve, Spinal Cord, and Peripheral Nerve

Diffusion Imaging in Muscle

Insights into Diffusion Tensor Imaging from Animal Models of White Matter Pathology

How It All Started-Personal Perspectives from the Pioneers

Reminiscences about the Development of Pulsed Field Gradient Spin Echo NMR (PFGSE-NMR)

Diffusion, Diffraction, and Microimaging

Diffusion MRI: Conception, Birth, and Adolescence

DWI in Cerebral Ischemia: The Early Days

Invention and Development of Diffusion Tensor MRI (DT-MRI or DTI) at the NIH

Index

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