Digest of Social Experiments

by Greenberg, David H.; Shroder, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780877667223
• ISBN10: 0877667225
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-21
• Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xix
PART 1 INTRODUCTION
An Overview of Social Experimentation and the Digest	3	(22)
What is a Social Experiment?	4	(2)
Internal and External Validity	5	(1)
Categories of Social Experiments	5	(1)
What is a Quasi Experiment?	6	(1)
Reasons for Conducting Social Experiments	7	(1)
Are Experiments Ethical?	8	(1)
Alternatives to Social Experimentation	9	(1)
Threats to External Validity of Impact Estimates	10	(2)
Are Experiments Unduly Expensive?	12	(1)
What ``Optional Features'' Can Experiments Have?	13	(1)
How Might Social Experiments Be Used?	14	(1)
What is the History of Social Experiments?	15	(1)
What is the Future for Social Experiments?	16	(1)
Uses and Organization of This Book	17	(8)
PART 2 EXPERIMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Public Assistance Recipients---AFDC and TANF	25	(128)
Ford Administration	25	(5)
AFDC Job Counselors	25	(2)
Colorado Monthly Reporting Experiment and Pretest	27	(1)
WIN Job-Finding Clubs	28	(2)
Carter Administration	30	(10)
Massachusetts Work Experience Program	30	(2)
Louisville Immediate Job Search Assistance Experiment	32	(2)
WIN Services to Volunteers	34	(1)
Madison and Racine Quality Employment Experiment	35	(1)
Denver Postplacement Services Project	36	(1)
Louisville Group Job Search Experiment	37	(1)
Dayton Wage-Subsidy Voucher Experiment	38	(2)
First Reagan Administration	40	(19)
Monthly Reporting in the AFDC Program	40	(2)
Washington State Intensive Applicant Employment Services Evaluation (Quasi-experimental)	42	(1)
West Virginia Community Work Experience Demonstration	43	(1)
West Virginia Community Work Experience Program (CWEP) (Quasi-experimental)	44	(2)
Baltimore Options Program (Maryland Employment Initiatives)	46	(2)
San Diego Job Search and Work Experience Demonstration	48	(1)
Washington Community Work Experience Program	49	(2)
Arkansas Work Program	51	(1)
Maine Training Opportunities in the Private Sector (TOPS)	52	(2)
Virginia Employment Services Program (ESP)	54	(1)
Florida Trade Welfare for Work	55	(2)
New Jersey Grant Diversion Project	57	(2)
Second Reagan Administration	59	(16)
Cook County Job Search and Work Experience	59	(1)
Saturation Work Initiative Model (SWIM)	60	(2)
Pennsylvania Saturation Work Program (PSWP)	62	(2)
Illinois On-Line Cross-Match Demonstration	64	(2)
New York State Comprehensive Employment Opportunity Support Centers (CEOSC) Program	66	(1)
Teenage Parent Demonstration	67	(2)
Wisconsin Welfare Employment Experiment---Rock County	69	(1)
Child Assistance Program (CAP)	70	(2)
Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN)	72	(1)
Washington State Family Independence Program (FIP) (Quasi-experimental)	73	(2)
G. H. W. Bush Administration	75	(37)
Child Day Care Recycling Fund Experiment---North Carolina	75	(2)
Community Group Participation and Housing Supplementation Demonstration (Bethel Self-Sufficiency Program)	77	(1)
Illinois Career Advancement Project	78	(1)
Cash Incentives in a Self-Sufficiency Program---Montgomery County, Maryland	79	(2)
New Chance	81	(1)
Ohio Transitions to Independence Demonstration---JOBS	82	(2)
Ohio Transitions to Independence Demonstration---Work Choice	84	(1)
Opportunity Knocks Program	85	(2)
Wisconsin Earned Income Disregard Demonstration	87	(1)
Wisconsin Medical Assistance Extension Demonstration	88	(1)
Ohio Learning, Earning, and Parenting Program (LEAP)	89	(2)
Alabama Avenues to Self-Sufficiency through Employment and Training Services (Assets) (Quasi-experimental)	91	(3)
AFDC Jobs Participants: Paths toward Self-Sufficiency	94	(2)
Project Independence---Florida	96	(1)
Wisconsin Learnfare	97	(2)
Partnership for Hope	99	(1)
National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS)	100	(3)
Link-Up	103	(1)
Maryland Primary Prevention Initiative (PPI)	104	(1)
To Strengthen Michigan Families (TSMF)	105	(2)
Utah Single-Parent Employment Demo Program (SPED)	107	(2)
California Work Pays Demonstration Program (CWPDP)	109	(1)
Georgia Preschool Immunization	110	(2)
First Clinton Administration	112	(33)
Iowa Family Investment Program	112	(2)
New Jersey Family Development Program	114	(2)
Colorado Personal Responsibility and Employment Program (CPREP)	116	(1)
Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP)	117	(3)
Post-Employment Services Demonstration (PESD)	120	(1)
Vermont Welfare Restructuring Project (WRP)	121	(1)
Florida Family Transition Program (FTP)	122	(2)
Arkansas Welfare Waiver Demonstration	124	(1)
Cal-Learn	125	(2)
LA Jobs-First GAIN Evaluation	127	(2)
Teenage Parent Home Visitor Services Demonstration	129	(1)
Indiana Welfare Reform Evaluation	130	(2)
Ohio Children of Opportunity: Learnfare	132	(1)
Virginia Independence Program (VIP)	133	(2)
Delaware: A Better Chance	135	(1)
Connecticut Jobs First	136	(2)
San Diego School Attendance Demonstration Project (SADP)	138	(1)
The Achieving Change for Texans (ACT) II Experiments	139	(1)
Common Elements for the Three Experiments	139	(1)
Responsibilities, Employment, and Resources (RER)--Non-Choices	140	(1)
Time Limits Pilot	141	(1)
Responsibilities, Employment, and Resources (RER)--Choices	142	(1)
Wisconsin Self-Sufficiency First/Pay for Performance Program	143	(2)
Second Clinton Administration	145	(4)
Work-First Profiling Demonstration	145	(2)
W-2 Child Support Demonstration Evaluation	147	(2)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	149	(4)
New Visions: College as a Job Advancement Strategy	149	(1)
New Jersey Substance Abuse Research Demonstration (SARD)	150	(1)
Employment Retention and Advancement Project	150	(1)
Welfare to Work Housing Voucher Demonstration	151	(2)
Public Assistance Recipients---Food Stamps and Medicaid	153	(12)
Food Stamp Work Registration and Job Search Demonstration	153	(3)
Illinois Monthly Reporting Food Stamp Demonstration	156	(2)
Program for Prepaid Managed Health Care (PPMHC)	158	(1)
Food Stamp Employment and Training Program	159	(2)
San Diego Food Stamp Cash-Out Demonstration	161	(1)
Alabama Food Stamp Cash-Out Demonstration	162	(3)
Firms and Organizations	165	(12)
Power Customers	165	(3)
Southern California Edison Electricity Pricing Experiment	165	(1)
Niagara Mohawk Hourly Integrated Pricing Program (HIPP)	166	(2)
Employers	168	(2)
Wage-Subsidy Variation Experiment	168	(1)
Wilkes-Barre Job Search Voucher Project	169	(1)
Health Care Providers	170	(7)
NCHSR Nursing Home Incentives Demonstration	170	(2)
National Home Health Prospective Payment Demonstration---Phase I	172	(2)
National Home Health Prospective Payment Demonstration---Phase II	174	(3)
Middle-Class and Employee Populations	177	(16)
Power Customers	177	(4)
Introduction	177	(1)
Connecticut Peak Load Pricing Experiment	178	(1)
Los Angeles Peak Load Pricing Experiment for Electricity	179	(2)
Health Care Consumers	181	(5)
RAND Health Insurance Study	181	(4)
United Healthcare Gatekeeper Plan Experiment	185	(1)
Other	186	(7)
Minnesota Income Tax Compliance Experiment	186	(1)
Seed Money Experiment	187	(1)
Employee Monitoring (Quasi-experimental)	188	(2)
Lifelong Learning Demonstration	190	(1)
Retirement Plan Decisions Experiment	191	(2)
Low-Income Households (General)	193	(30)
New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment	193	(2)
Rural Income Maintenance Experiment	195	(2)
Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance Experiment	197	(4)
Gary Income Maintenance Experiment	201	(1)
Housing Allowance Demand Experiment	202	(4)
Freestanding Housing Voucher Demonstration	206	(2)
National Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) Study	208	(3)
Emergency Food and Homelessness Intervention Project	211	(1)
Operation INC (Incubator for New Companies)	212	(1)
Project Hope (Head Start Opportunities for Parents through Employment)	213	(1)
North Dakota Self-Reliance Program	214	(1)
Wisconsin New Hope Project	215	(2)
Parents' Fair Share (PFS) Demonstration	217	(2)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	219	(4)
Moving to Opportunity (MTO)	219	(1)
Bridges to Work	220	(1)
Chicago Housing Voucher Lottery	220	(1)
Community Action Program of Tulsa County (CAPTC) American Dream Demonstration	220	(1)
Jobs-Plus (Quasi-experimental)	221	(2)
Lower-Income Homeowners	223	(6)
Counseling for Delinquent Mortgagors	223	(1)
Detroit Default Counseling Demonstration	224	(2)
Prepurchase Homeownership Counseling Demonstration	226	(3)
Low-Income Children and Their Families	229	(20)
Perry Preschool Program	229	(2)
Washington, D.C., Mobile Unit for Child Health Care	231	(1)
Carolina Abecedarian Project	232	(3)
New York Nurse Home Visitation Experiment: 15-Year Follow-Up	235	(2)
Increasing the Immunization of Preschool Children	237	(1)
Infant Health and Development Program	238	(2)
Memphis Nurse Home Visitation	240	(1)
Even Start Family Literacy Program	241	(2)
National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP)	243	(2)
Maryland Guardianship Assistance Program Demonstration	245	(1)
School Vouchers	246	(3)
Low-Income Youth	249	(38)
Public- versus Private-Sector Jobs Demonstration Project	249	(2)
Cambridge Job Factory	251	(1)
Career Advancement Voucher Demonstration Project	252	(3)
Wilkes-Barre YES Workshop Program	255	(1)
Alternative Youth Employment Strategies (AYES) Project	256	(3)
Cambridge Job Search Voucher Program	259	(2)
Summer Experimental Youth Transition Project	261	(1)
Jobstart	262	(2)
Summer Training and Education Program (Step)	264	(2)
New Orleans and Philadelphia Nonresidential Job Corps Centers	266	(1)
Alternative Schools	267	(2)
High-Risk Youth Demonstration Project---Yolo County, California	269	(1)
Quantum Opportunities Program (QOP) Pilot	270	(1)
Brothers	271	(1)
Homeless Youth Self-Sufficiency Project	272	(1)
Success Connection	272	(2)
Austin Youth Leadership Development	274	(1)
School Dropout Demonstration Assistance Program	275	(3)
American Conservation and Youth Services Corps	278	(1)
Illinois Youth Employment and Training Initiative (YETI)	279	(1)
National Job Corps Study	280	(2)
Quantum Opportunity Program (QOP) Demonstration	282	(2)
Carrera Model	284	(1)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	285	(2)
Career Academies	285	(1)
Upward Bound	286	(1)
Center for Employment Training (CET) Replication Study	286	(1)
Low-Income Single/Teen Parents	287	(6)
Minority Female Single-Parent (MFSP) Demonstration	287	(2)
Young Families Can Project	289	(1)
Single-Parent Economic Independence Demonstration (SPEID)	290	(3)
Unemployed Workers	293	(38)
General Education in Manpower Training	293	(1)
Carbondale Job-Finding Club	294	(2)
Carbondale Handicapped Job-Finding Club	296	(1)
U.S. Employment Service Effectiveness of Counseling Pilot Study	297	(1)
Job Club Behavioral Supervision Test	298	(1)
Buffalo Dislocated Worker Demonstration Program	299	(2)
Claimant Placement and Work Test Demonstration	301	(3)
Delaware Dislocated Worker Pilot Program	304	(1)
Illinois Unemployment Insurance Incentive Program	305	(1)
Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration	306	(2)
New Jersey Unemployment Insurance Reemployment Demonstration	308	(3)
Washington State Alternative Work Search Experiment	311	(2)
Nevada Concentrated Employment Program (CEP)	313	(1)
Pennsylvania Reemployment Bonus Demonstration	314	(2)
Reemploy Minnesota (REM)	316	(1)
Washington State Reemployment Bonus Experiment	317	(2)
Washington and Massachusetts Unemployment Insurance Self-Employment Work Search Demonstrations	319	(2)
Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility Program	321	(2)
Maryland Unemployment Insurance Work Search Demonstration	323	(2)
Kentucky Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services (WPRS) Experiment	325	(2)
Job Search Assistance Demonstration	327	(2)
Experiment Ongoing at Publication	329	(2)
Individual Training Accounts	329	(2)
Homeless People	331	(10)
Homeless Employment Partnership (HEP)	331	(2)
Boston McKinney Demonstration Project	333	(1)
Philadelphia Micro-Enterprise Development Program	334	(1)
Critical Time Intervention	334	(1)
San Diego Homeless Research Demonstration	335	(1)
New Orleans Homeless Substance Abusers Project	336	(2)
HUD-VA Supported Housing Program (HUD-VASH)	338	(1)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	339	(2)
Phoenix, Arizona, Homeless Study	339	(1)
St. Louis, Missouri, Community Alternatives	339	(1)
Westchester County, New York, Homeless Study	339	(2)
Charged/Convicted Individuals	341	(6)
Living Insurance for Ex-Offenders (Life)	341	(2)
Transitional Aid Research Project (TARP)	343	(2)
Court Employment Project	345	(1)
Ex-Offender Research Project	346	(1)
Substance Abusers	347	(6)
Wildcat Experiment	347	(2)
Job Seekers' Workshop	349	(1)
Transition Project	350	(3)
Frail Elderly	353	(22)
Introduction	353	(22)
Continued Care	354	(1)
BRI Protective Services	355	(1)
BRH Home Aide	356	(1)
Chronic Disease	357	(1)
Worcester Home Care	358	(1)
NCHSR Day Care/Homemaker Demonstration	359	(1)
Wisconsin Community Care Organization (CCO)---Milwaukee	360	(2)
Georgia Alternative Health Services (AHS)	362	(1)
Home Health Care Team	363	(1)
Project Open	364	(1)
San Diego Long-Term Care	365	(1)
Florida Pentastar	366	(1)
South Carolina Community Long-Term Care	367	(1)
National Long-Term Care (Channeling) Demonstration	368	(2)
Neighborhood Team Experiment	370	(2)
Team Approach to Outpatient Geriatric Evaluation Experiment	372	(3)
Nonelderly People with Disabilities	375	(14)
Training in Community Living	375	(1)
Job Path	376	(2)
Harbinger Mental Health Project	378	(1)
Structured Training and Employment Transitional Services (STETS) Demonstration	379	(2)
Transitional Employment Training Demonstration (TETD)	381	(2)
Project NetWork	383	(3)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	386	(3)
Consumer-Operated Services Program	386	(1)
Employment Intervention Demonstration Program	386	(1)
State Partnership Initiatives	387	(2)
Multiple Groups	389	(8)
National Supported Work Demonstration (NSWD)	389	(2)
AFDC Homemaker-Home Health Aide Demonstrations	391	(6)
PART 3 EXPERIMENTS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES
Africa	397	(6)
Teacher Incentives---Kenya (Quasi-experimental)	397	(2)
School Meals---Kenya (Quasi-experimental)	399	(1)
Deworming Drug Take-Up---Kenya (Quasi-experimental)	400	(3)
Asia-Pacific	403	(6)
Women as Policy Makers---India	403	(1)
Matriculation Awards Pilot---Israel	404	(1)
Assisting the Long-Term Unemployed---Australia	405	(1)
Matriculation Awards---Israel (Quasi-experimental)	406	(3)
Canada	409	(10)
Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment	409	(2)
Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP)	411	(1)
SSP Entry Effects	412	(1)
SSP Plus	413	(3)
Earnings Supplement Project	416	(1)
Experiments Ongoing at Publication	417	(2)
Community Employment Innovation Project	417	(1)
Learn$ave	418	(1)
Continental Europe	419	(14)
Intensified Employment Services---Sweden	419	(1)
Counseling and Monitoring I---Netherlands	420	(2)
Labour Market Training (LMT)---Norway	422	(1)
Job Training---Denmark	423	(1)
Bergen Worker Sickness---Norway	424	(1)
Bergen Pain---Norway	425	(2)
Counseling and Monitoring II---Netherlands	427	(1)
Targeted Negative Income Tax---Germany	428	(1)
Zurich Bike Messengers---Switzerland	429	(2)
Undergraduate Student Achievement---Netherlands	431	(2)
Latin America	433	(6)
Paces (Programa de Ampliacion de Cobertura de la Educacion Secundaria)---Colombia	433	(1)
School Facility Improvements---Bolivia (Quasi-experimental)	434	(2)
Progresa (Programa de Educacion, Salud, y Alimentacion)--- Mexico (Quasi-experimental)	436	(1)
Proempleo---Argentina	437	(2)
United Kingdom	439	(20)
Electricity Pricing	439	(2)
Restart	441	(1)
13-Week Review	442	(2)
30-Month-Plus Restart	444	(1)
Supportive Caseloading	445	(1)
Jobplan	446	(1)
1--2--1/Workwise	447	(1)
Lone Parent Caseworker Pilots	448	(1)
1--2--1 for the Very Long Term Unemployed	449	(1)
Benefits Agency Visiting Officer/NDLP	450	(1)
New Deal 25 Plus	451	(1)
Intensive Gateway Trailblazers (IGT)/NDYP	452	(1)
In-Work Training Grant (IWTG)	453	(1)
Experiment Ongoing at Publication	454	(5)
Employment Zones	454	(5)
PART 4 TRENDS
The Social Experiment Market (from Journal of Economic Perspectives)	459	(14)
The Products	461	(4)
Policy Objectives	461	(2)
Product Design	463	(2)
Buyers and Sellers	465	(1)
Funding Sources	465	(1)
Suppliers of Experimental Evaluations	466	(1)
Remaining Questions	466	(7)
Market Concentration	467	(1)
The Scope of Future Experimentation	468	(1)
Geographic Concentration	468	(1)
Social Experiments and Economists	469	(4)
A Postscript	473	(2)
About the Authors	475	(2)
Index	477