Digital and Analog Communication Systems

by Couch, Leon W.

• ISBN13: 9780131424920
• ISBN10: 0131424920
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

"Now in its seventh edition, this classic communication text retains the philosophy and tradition of the preceding editions. The seventh edition covers the latest treatment of digital communication systems. Written as a textbook for junior or senior engineering students, it is also appropriate for an introductory graduate course."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
List of Symbols	xxiii
Introduction	1	(32)
Historical Perspective	2	(3)
Digital and Analog Sources and Systems	5	(1)
Deterministic and Random Waveforms	6	(1)
Organization of the Book	6	(1)
Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB	7	(1)
Block Diagram of a Communication System	8	(2)
Frequency Allocations	10	(2)
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves	12	(4)
Information Measure	16	(2)
Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems	18	(1)
Coding	19	(10)
Block Codes	20	(2)
Convolutional Codes	22	(3)
Code Interleaving	25	(1)
Code Performance	25	(3)
Trellis-Coded Modulation	28	(1)
Preview	29	(1)
Study-Aid Examples	29	(4)
Problems	30	(3)
Signals and Spectra	33	(95)
Properties of Signals and Noise	33	(10)
Physically Realizable Waveforms	34	(1)
Time Average Operator	35	(1)
DC Value	36	(1)
Power	37	(2)
RMS Value and Normalized Power	39	(1)
Energy and Power Waveforms	40	(1)
Decibel	40	(2)
Phasors	42	(1)
Fourier Transform and Spectra	43	(18)
Definition	43	(3)
Properties of Fourier Transforms	46	(2)
Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density	48	(3)
Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function	51	(3)
Rectangular and Triangular Pulses	54	(4)
Convolution	58	(3)
Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function	61	(4)
Power Spectral Density	61	(2)
Autocorrelation Function	63	(2)
Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise	65	(3)
Orthogonal Functions	65	(2)
Orthogonal Series	67	(1)
Fourier Series	68	(11)
Complex Fourier Series	68	(2)
Quadrature Fourier Series	70	(1)
Polar Fourier Series	71	(2)
Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms	73	(4)
Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms	77	(2)
Review of Linear Systems	79	(7)
Linear Time-Invariant Systems	79	(1)
Impulse Response	79	(1)
Transfer Function	80	(3)
Distortionless Transmission	83	(1)
Distortion of Audio, Video, and Data Signals	84	(2)
Bandlimited Signals and Noise	86	(8)
Bandlimited Waveforms	86	(1)
Sampling Theorem	87	(3)
Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing (DSP)	90	(3)
Dimensionality Theorem	93	(1)
Discrete Fourier Transform	94	(7)
Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform	95	(5)
Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series	100	(1)
Bandwidth of Signals	101	(9)
Summary	110	(1)
Study-Aid Examples	110	(18)
Problems	115	(13)
Baseband Pulse and Digital Signaling	128	(102)
Introduction	128	(1)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation	129	(8)
Natural Sampling (Gating)	129	(4)
Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM)	133	(4)
Pulse Code Modulation	137	(15)
Sampling, Quantizing, and Encoding	138	(1)
Practical PCM Circuits	138	(4)
Bandwidth of PCM Signals	142	(1)
Effects of Noise	143	(4)
Nonuniform Quantizing: μ-Law and A-Law Companding	147	(4)
V.90 56-kb/s PCM Computer Modem	151	(1)
Digital Signaling	152	(8)
Vector Representation	153	(2)
Bandwidth Estimation	155	(1)
Binary Signaling	156	(2)
Multilevel Signaling	158	(2)
Line Codes and Spectra	160	(20)
Binary Line Coding	160	(3)
Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes	163	(6)
Differential Coding	169	(1)
Eye Patterns	170	(1)
Regenerative Repeaters	171	(2)
Bit Synchronization	173	(3)
Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals	176	(3)
Spectral Efficiency	179	(1)
Intersymbol Interference	180	(8)
Nyquist's First Method (Zero ISI)	182	(1)
Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering	183	(5)
Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI	188	(1)
Differential Pulse Code Modulation	188	(4)
Delta Modulation	192	(7)
Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise	194	(3)
Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation	197	(2)
Speech Coding	199	(1)
Time-Division Multiplexing	199	(14)
Frame Synchronization	200	(2)
Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines	202	(4)
TDM Hierarchy	206	(5)
The T1 PCM System	211	(2)
Packet Transmission System	213	(1)
Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation	213	(2)
Summary	215	(3)
Study-Aid Examples	218	(12)
Problems	221	(9)
Bandpass Signaling Principles and Circuits	230	(72)
Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms	230	(3)
Definitions: Baseband, Bandpass, and Modulation	231	(1)
Complex Envelope Representation	231	(2)
Representation of Modulated Signals	233	(1)
Spectrum of Bandpass Signals	234	(3)
Evaluation of Power	237	(3)
Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion	240	(4)
Equivalent Low-Pass Filter	240	(2)
Linear Distortion	242	(2)
Bandpass Sampling Theorem	244	(1)
Received Signal Plus Noise	245	(1)
Classification of Filters and Amplifiers	246	(5)
Filters	246	(4)
Amplifiers	250	(1)
Nonlinear Distortion	251	(5)
Limiters	256	(1)
Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters	257	(6)
Frequency Multipliers	263	(2)
Detector Circuits	265	(8)
Envelope Detector	265	(1)
Product Detector	266	(2)
Frequency Modulation Detector	268	(5)
Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers	273	(8)
Direct Digital Synthesis	281	(1)
Transmitters and Receivers	281	(7)
Generalized Transmitters	281	(2)
Generalized Receiver: The Superheterodyne Receiver	283	(4)
Zero-IF Receivers	287	(1)
Interference	288	(1)
Software Radios	288	(1)
Summary	289	(1)
Study-Aid Examples	289	(13)
Problems	295	(7)
AM, FM, and Digital Modulated Systems	302	(95)
Amplitude Modulation	303	(5)
AM Broadcast Technical Standards	308	(2)
Digital AM Braodcasting	309	(1)
Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier	310	(1)
Costas Loop and Squaring Loop	310	(2)
Asymmetric Sideband Signals	312	(6)
Single Sideband	312	(4)
Vestigial Sideband	316	(2)
Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation	318	(15)
Representation of PM and FM Signals	318	(5)
Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals	323	(5)
Narrowband Angle Modulations	328	(1)
Wideband Frequency Modulation	329	(4)
Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems	333	(1)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo	333	(4)
FM Broadcast Technical Standards	337	(2)
Digital FM Braodcasting	337	(2)
Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling	339	(13)
On-Off Keying (OOK)	339	(4)
Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)	343	(2)
Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK)	345	(1)
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)	345	(7)
Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling	352	(10)
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK)	352	(3)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)	355	(3)
OQPSK and π/4 QPSK	358	(1)
PSD for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK	359	(2)
Spectral Efficiency for MPSK, QAM, QPSK, OQPSK, and π/4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering	361	(1)
Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK) and GMSK	362	(5)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)	367	(5)
Spread Spectrum Systems	372	(7)
Direct Sequence	373	(6)
Frequency Hopping	379	(1)
SS Frequency Bands	379	(1)
Summary	379	(2)
Study-Aid Examples	381	(16)
Problems	384	(13)
Random Processes and Spectral Analysis	397	(79)
Some Basic Definitions	398	(9)
Random Processes	398	(1)
Stationarity and Ergodicity	399	(4)
Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity	403	(2)
Complex Random Processes	405	(2)
Power Spectral Density	407	(13)
Definition	407	(1)
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem	408	(3)
Properties of the PSD	411	(4)
General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals	415	(3)
White-Noise Processes	418	(1)
Measurement of PSD	419	(1)
DC and RMS Values for Ergodic Random Processes	420	(2)
Linear Systems	422	(5)
Input-Output Relationships	422	(5)
Bandwidth Measures	427	(2)
Equivalent Bandwidth	427	(1)
RMS Bandwidth	427	(2)
The Gaussian Random Process	429	(5)
Properties of Gaussian Processes	430	(4)
Bandpass Processes	434	(13)
Bandpass Representations	434	(3)
Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes	437	(5)
Proofs of Some Properties	442	(5)
Matched Filters	447	(11)
General Results	447	(2)
Results for White Noise	449	(5)
Correlation Processing	454	(1)
Transversal Matched Filter	455	(3)
Summary	458	(2)
Appendix: Proof of Schwarz's Inequality	460	(2)
Study-Aid Examples	462	(14)
Problems	465	(11)
Performance of Communication Systems Corrupted by Noise	476	(75)
Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling	477	(6)
General Results	477	(2)
Results for Gaussian Noise	479	(2)
Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception	481	(1)
Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception	482	(1)
Performance of Baseband Binary Systems	483	(5)
Unipolar Signaling	483	(3)
Polar Signaling	486	(1)
Bipolar Signaling	486	(2)
Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals	488	(6)
On-Off Keying	488	(2)
Binary-Phase-Shift Keying	490	(1)
Frequency-Shift Keying	491	(3)
Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals	494	(8)
On-Off Keying	494	(4)
Frequency-Shift Keying	498	(2)
Differential Phase-Shift Keying	500	(2)
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying	502	(2)
Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems	504	(4)
Bit-Error Rate and Bandwidth	504	(2)
Symbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel Signaling	506	(1)
Synchronization	507	(1)
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems	508	(6)
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems	514	(17)
Comparison with Baseband Systems	514	(1)
AM Systems with Product Detection	515	(2)
AM Systems with Envelope Detection	517	(1)
DSB-SC Systems	518	(1)
SSB Systems	519	(1)
PM Systems	519	(4)
FM Systems	523	(3)
FM Systems with Threshold Extension	526	(2)
FM Systems with Deemphasis	528	(3)
Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems	531	(3)
Ideal System Performance	531	(3)
Summary	534	(1)
Study-Aid Examples	534	(17)
Problems	543	(8)
Wire and Wireless Communication Systems	551	(102)
The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications	551	(1)
Telephone Systems	552	(7)
Historical Basis	552	(1)
Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals	553	(6)
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)	559	(6)
G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines	560	(2)
Video On Demand (VOD)	562	(1)
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)	562	(3)
Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks	565	(1)
Satellite Communication Systems	565	(14)
Digital and Analog Television Transmission	570	(2)
Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access	572	(5)
Satellite Radio Broadcasting	577	(2)
Link Budget Analysis	579	(20)
Signal Power Received	580	(2)
Thermal Noise Sources	582	(1)
Characterization of Noise Sources	583	(1)
Noise Characterization of Linear Devices	584	(6)
Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices	590	(2)
Link Budget Evaluation	592	(2)
Eb/N0 Link Budget for Digital Systems	594	(1)
Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments	595	(4)
Fiber-Optic Systems	599	(4)
Cellular Telephone Systems	603	(9)
First Generation (1G)---The AMPS Analog System	604	(3)
Second Generation (2G)---The Digital Systems	607	(3)
The 1900-MHz, Band PCS Systems	610	(1)
Status of 2G Networks	611	(1)
Third Generation (3G) Systems	611	(1)
Television	612	(24)
Black-and-White Television	612	(7)
MTS Stereo Sound	619	(1)
Color Television	619	(5)
Standards for TV and CATV Systems	624	(8)
Digital TV (DTV)	632	(4)
Cable Data Modems	636	(1)
Wireless Data Networks	637	(3)
Wi-Fi	637	(2)
Wi-Max	639	(1)
Summary	640	(1)
Study-Aid Examples	640	(13)
Problems	645	(8)
APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES, IDENTITIES, AND TABLES	653	(11)
Trigonometry and Complex Numbers	653	(1)
Definitions	653	(1)
Trigonometric Identities and Complex Numbers	653	(1)
Differential Calculus	654	(1)
Definition	654	(1)
Differentiation Rules	654	(1)
Derivative Table	654	(1)
Indeterminate Forms	655	(1)
Integral Calculus	655	(1)
Definition	655	(1)
Integration Techniques	656	(1)
Integral Tables	656	(2)
Indefinite Integrals	656	(1)
Definite Integrals	657	(1)
Series Expansions	658	(1)
Finite Series	658	(1)
Infinite Series	658	(1)
Hilbert Transform Pairs	659	(1)
The Dirac Delta Function	659	(2)
Properties of Dirac Delta Functions	660	(1)
Tabulation of Sa(x) = (sin x)/x	661	(1)
Tabulation of Q(z)	662	(2)
APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES	664	(42)
Introduction	664	(1)
Sets	665	(1)
Probability and Relative Frequency	666	(3)
Simple Probability	666	(1)
Joint Probability	667	(1)
Conditional Probabilities	668	(1)
Random Variables	669	(1)
Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions	669	(7)
Properties of CDFs and PDFs	672	(1)
Discrete and Continuous Distributions	672	(4)
Ensemble Average and Moments	676	(3)
Ensemble Average	676	(1)
Moments	677	(2)
Examples of Important Distributions	679	(8)
Binomial Distribution	679	(3)
Poisson Distribution	682	(1)
Uniform Distribution	682	(1)
Gaussian Distribution	682	(5)
Sinusoidal Distribution	687	(1)
Functional Transformations of Random Variables	687	(5)
Multivariate Statistics	692	(14)
Multivariate CDFs and PDFs	692	(2)
Bivariate Statistics	694	(1)
Gaussian Bivariate Distribution	695	(1)
Multivariate Functional Transformation	696	(2)
Central Limit Theorem	698	(2)
Problems	700	(6)
APPENDIX C USING MATLAB	706	(4)
Quick Start for Running M-Files	707	(1)
Programming in MATLAB	708	(2)
References	710	(13)
Answers to Selected Problems	723	(6)
Index	729