Digital Drawing for Landscape Architecture : Contemporary Techniques and Tools for Digital Representation in Site Design

by Bradley Cantrell; Wes Michaels

• ISBN13: 9780470639160
• ISBN10: 0470639164
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-03-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

For a hundred years, pencil, pen, markers, and watercolor have been the principal tools of representation for landscape architects and urban planners. Today, those hand-powered aids have been replaced by computers and Computer-aided design (CAD). Digital Drawing for Landscape Architects bridges the gap between the traditional analog and the new digital tools and shows you how to apply timeless concepts of representation to enhance your design work in digital media.Building on the tried-and-true principles of analog representation, Digital Drawing for Landscape Architecture explores specific techniques for creating landscape design digitally. It explains the similarities and differences between analog and digital rendering, and then walks you through the steps of creating digitally rendered plans, perspectives, and diagrams. You'll explore: Computing Basics Raster and vector images Setting up the document Base imagery and scaling Hand-drawn linework and diagrams Text, leaders, and page layout Color, shading, and textures Creating a section elevation Perspective drawing Techniques for using the newest versions of Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, and Acrobat as well as older versionsWith more than 500 full-color drawings and photographs alongside proven techniques, Digital Drawing for Landscape Architects will help you enhance your skills though a unique marriage of contemporary methods with traditional rendering techniques.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Concepts

Introduction/Overview

Computing Basics

Hardware

Software

Workspace

Analog and Digital Rendering Comparisons

Efficiency and Editability

Commonalities and Parallels

Hybrid Techniques

Basic Overview of Digital Concepts

Raster-Based Programs

Resolution in Raster Images

Upsampling and Downsampling

Vector Images

Using Raster Images in Vector-Based Programs

Color

Digital Drawings in the Design Process

Applications for Specific Tasks

Moving between Analog and Digital Techniques

Base Imagery

Setting up the Document

Drawings at Multiple Sizes

How Drawings Move through the Digital Workflow

Setting the Image Size

Base Imagery and Scaling

Aerial Photography

Obtaining the Aerial Photograph

Tiling Aerial Photographs in Photoshop

Manual Method

Tiling Photographs with Photomerge

Scaling the Aerial Photograph

Calculator Method

Scale by Reference Method

Pixel Conversion Method

Adjusting the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness of Base Imagery

Using CAD Linework as a Base

Exporting the CAD Linework as a PDF

Hand-Drawn Linework

Sketches in CAD

Using Magic Wand and Color Range Selections

Using the Color Range Selection Tool

Source Imagery/Entourage

Selections

Manual Methods

Partial Selections

Design Diagrams

Introduction to Diagrams

Passive Diagramming

Active Diagramming

Communication

Abstraction

Distilling and Culling

Diagram Types

Setting up an Illustrator Drawing

Document Size/Color Mode

Based Programs for Design Diagrams

Importing an Aerial Photo into Illustrator

Link versus Embed

Linework in Illustrator

Shape Tools

Pen Tool

Editing Tools

Appearance of Lines and Shapes

Stroke Weight and Dashed Lines

Transparency

Appearance Palette

Custom Linework

Creating a Pattern Brush from Shapes

Altering the Pattern Brush

Updating the Pattern Brush with New Shapes

Symbols

Creating Symbols from Custom Artwork

Updating/Replacing Symbols

Managing Symbols

Creating Clipping Masks for Image Symbols

Text, Leaders, and Page Layout

Text Tools

Point Text

Paragraph Text

Differences between Point Text and Paragraph Text

Formatting Text

Custom Type Tools

Creating Text with a Clipping Mask

Leaders

Effects versus Filters

Layout

Exploded Axonometric Diagrams

Creating an Exploded Axonometric Diagram

Plan/Section Renderings

Introduction to Renderings

Design Process

Issues in Digital Media

Illustrative Components

Importing PDF Linework

PDF Linework

Adjusting the Appearance of Linework

Applying Color to a Plan Rendering

Applying Color with the Paint Bucket Tool

Applying Color Using Adjustment Layers

Saving Channels

Shading Techniques

Selecting Fills

Saving Selections

Automating the Shading of Edges

Creating Textures

Creating a Texture from an Existing Photograph

Creating a Seamless Pattern Using the Offset Filter

Creating the Pattern and Applying It to the Rendering

Paint Bucket and Pattern Stamp

Pattern Overlay

Managing Patterns

Texturing with Filters

Brushes

Standard Brushes

Custom Brushes

Plan Symbols with Smart Objects

Creating Smart Objects

Duplicating and Editing Smart Objects

Managing Smart Objects

Smart Filters

Managing Large Photoshop Files

Flattening Layers

Saving Layer Groups for Flattening

Printing Issues

Creating a Section Elevation

Methods

Perspectives

Perspective Illustration

Perspective Illustrations, Digital Sketches, and Design Communication

Creating a Base for a Perspective Drawing

Composition

Virtual Cameras

Exporting and Rendering

Atmospheric Perspective

Detail

Color

Contrast

Brightness

(2D) Photoshop Adjustment Layers, Opacity, and Screening

(2D/3D) Z-Depth

(3D) Atmosphere/Environment

Understanding Level of Detail

Camera Match 3D Object to Site Photo

Camera Match with 3ds Max 2009

Match Photo with Google SketchUp

Create a Photoshop Perspective Collage

Methods

Developing a Perspective Image in Photoshop from a 3D Model

Base Model

Adding Site Context

Textures

Adding Vegetation

Adding Scale Figures

Bibliography

Image Credits

Index

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