Discovering Arguments: An Introduction to Critical Thinking And Writing With Readings

by Memering, Dean; Palmer, William

• ISBN13: 9780131895676
• ISBN10: 0131895672
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This book uses logos, pathos, and ethos in critical thinking, active reading, and persuasive writing. Accessible and stimulating, the versatile manual can be used as a rhetoric, a reader, a guide on research writing, and a guide on style. Through its chapters, users learn to excel at what they say; through our style interchapters users earn to excel at how they say it.Cheating, conservation, race, politics, male/female communication styles, gun control, abortion, same-sex marriage, stem cell research many diverse and mature readings on these subjects engage readers and writers in analytical thinking and stimulate them to react with thoughtful discussions and compositions.For individuals who want to communicate clearly, argue persuasively, and analyze and evaluate what they read.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxv
Communication and Persuasion: Logos, Pathos, Ethos	1	(42)
Noticing and Thinking	1	(3)
The process of thinking	2	(1)
The paradigm shift	3	(1)
Communicating Clearly and Effectively	4	(6)
Amy Wu, Stop the Clock	5	(2)
Specific evidence	7	(1)
Brian A. Courtney, Freedom from Choice	8	(2)
Writing an Opinion Essay	10	(2)
Finding your subject	11	(1)
Writing Persuasively	12	(1)
The Persuasive Appeals	13	(15)
Logos	13	(3)
Recognizing Logos	16	(1)
S. I. Hayakawa, On Human Survival	16	(2)
Pathos	18	(3)
Recognizing Pathos	21	(1)
Bob Greene, His Name Was Eric; He Wouldn't Steal, So His Life Was Stolen	22	(1)
Ethos	23	(1)
Recognizing Ethos	24	(1)
John Edwards, A Trust Worth Winning	25	(3)
Thesis Statements	28	(2)
Evaluating your thesis statement	28	(2)
Engaging Your Audience: Titles, Introductions, Conclusions	30	(12)
Features of good titles	30	(1)
Titles to avoid	31	(1)
Features of good introductions	31	(1)
Introductory strategies	31	(2)
Introductions to avoid	33	(1)
Features of good conclusions	33	(1)
Concluding strategies	33	(3)
Conclusions to avoid	36	(1)
How to Annotate	37	(1)
Ryan Grady Sample, Bigger, But Not Better	38	(3)
A note on defining grammar, mechanics, and usage	41	(1)
A Critical Thinker's Guide for Evaluating Writing	42	(1)
Style and Voice	43	(24)
Diction	43	(5)
Monosyllabic words	43	(3)
Multisyllabic words	46	(1)
Pretentious Writing	47	(1)
Other Features of Diction	48	(6)
Specific or general	49	(1)
Concrete or abstract	50	(1)
Literal or figurative	51	(1)
Literal Language	51	(1)
Figurative Language	51	(1)
Avoid cliches	52	(1)
Precise words	52	(2)
Language and Thought	54	(2)
Voice	56	(3)
Medicine Attacks Cold Virus	58	(1)
The writing situation and voice	58	(1)
Tone	59	(2)
Analyzing attitude toward readers	59	(1)
Analyzing attitudes toward subject and self	60	(1)
Sentence Tools	61	(4)
Simple sentences	61	(1)
Joining complete thoughts: coordination	62	(1)
Using Semicolons to Join Complete Thoughts	63	(1)
Using Semicolons with Formal Transition Words	64	(1)
Solving Two Common Sentence Problems	65	(2)
Comma splices and run-on sentences	65	(1)
Comma Splices	65	(1)
Run-on Sentences	66	(1)
Arguments and Controversies	67	(65)
Critical Reading and Writing: Agree, Disagree, or Maybe Both?	67	(4)
Deborah Tannen, How to Turn Debate into Dialogue	68	(3)
Reading Tools	71	(2)
Asking questions	71	(1)
Noticing insights	72	(1)
Noticing assumptions	72	(1)
Noticing overgeneralizations	72	(1)
Analyzing and Evaluating Two Essays on a Controversy	73	(12)
Analysis and evaluation of Mitch Albom's essay	73	(1)
Mitch Albom, Don't Shoot Holes in Gun Control Bills	74	(2)
Albom's Writing Situation	76	(1)
Albom's Introduction	76	(1)
Noticing Albom's Insights, Assumptions, and Overgeneralizations	76	(1)
Responding to Other Arguments	77	(1)
Albom's Use of Logos, Pathos, and Ethos	78	(1)
What Is the Solution?	78	(1)
Albom's Conclusion	79	(1)
Analysis and evaluation of Thomas Sowell's essay	79	(1)
Thomas Sowell, Mass Shootings and Mass Hysteria	79	(1)
Two Methods for Analyzing an Essay: Outlining and Summarizing	80	(1)
Summary of Sowell's essay	81	(2)
Sowell's Writing Situation	83	(1)
Sowell's Introduction	83	(1)
Noticing Sowell's Insights, Assumptions, and Overgeneralizations	83	(1)
Responding to Other Arguments	84	(1)
Sowell's Use of Logos, Pathos, and Ethos	84	(1)
What Is the Solution?	84	(1)
Sowell's Conclusion	84	(1)
Albom and Sowell: What do you conclude?	85	(1)
Kinds of Evidence for Arguing: Examples, Reasons, Authorities, Statistics	85	(6)
Using examples	85	(1)
Using reasons	86	(1)
Using authorities	87	(1)
Using statistics	88	(3)
Writing an Essay about a Local Issue	91	(1)
Writing a Report to Analyze and Evaluate an Argument	91	(1)
Five Essays on Controversial Issues for a Report	92	(9)
National service	92	(1)
David S. Broder, A Call for Service	92	(2)
Women in combat	94	(1)
Linda Chavez, Women in Combat Will Take Toll on Our Culture	94	(1)
College or pro sports	95	(1)
David Shields, Why Not Go Pro?	95	(2)
Donating organs	97	(1)
Maureen Dowd, A Lyrical Gift	97	(1)
Stem cell research	98	(1)
Michael Kinsley, Cure Me If You Can	98	(3)
Writing an Essay with Sources about a Controversy	101	(4)
Organizing an essay about a controversy	102	(1)
Present the Other Side First	102	(1)
Rogerian Argument	103	(1)
Ending Your Essay	104	(1)
Readings on Controversial Issues: Three Case Studies	105	(7)
Cheating for success	105	(1)
Michael Josephson and Melissa Mertz, From Honor Above All	106	(1)
ABCNEWS, Cheaters Amok, A Crisis in America's Schools--How It's Done and Why It's Happening	107	(2)
ABCNEWS, Full-Service Fakery Inside the Life of a Professional Essay Writer and Test Taker	109	(2)
Joe Smith, Mark Pogge, Jane Doe, Student Comments on the Ethics of Cheating	111	(1)
Same-Sex Marriage	112	(20)
Rochelle Hollander Schwab, I Want to Go to My Daughter's Wedding	112	(2)
Andrew Sullivan, Integration Day	114	(1)
Charles Krauthammer, When John and Jim Say, ``I Do''	115	(2)
President George W. Bush, President Calls for Constitutional Amendment Protecting Marriage	117	(1)
Meg A. Riley, What Shall I Tell My Daughter? An Open Letter to President Bush	118	(2)
Maggie Gallagher, The Message of Same-Sex Marriage	120	(1)
Affirmative action	121	(1)
Interview by Peter Robinson, Shelby Steele: The Content of His Character	121	(4)
National Organization for Women (NOW), Talking about Affirmative Action	125	(2)
Wesley Clark, Success of Military Diversity Proves Affirmative Action Works	127	(1)
Linda Chavez, Affirmative Action Doctors Can Kill You	128	(2)
Perry Bacon Jr., How Much Diversity Do You Want From Me?	130	(2)
Voice and Emphasis	132	(14)
Diction and Repetition	132	(3)
Repeating words for emphasis	132	(1)
Alliteration	133	(2)
Sentence Tools	135	(7)
Joining complete and incomplete thoughts: subordination	135	(2)
Colons and dashes and voice	137	(1)
Colons	137	(2)
Dashes	139	(1)
Using Double Dashes	140	(1)
Italics (underlining) and voice	141	(1)
Parentheses and voice	142	(1)
Fine-tuning Sentences	142	(4)
Sentence fragments: pros and cons	142	(1)
Conciseness	143	(1)
Omit needless words I	144	(1)
Omit needless words II	145	(1)
Strategies of Argumentation	146	(64)
Arguing by Induction and Deduction	147	(3)
Induction	147	(1)
Deduction	148	(2)
Arguing by Illustration	150	(1)
Arguing by Narration and Description	151	(3)
Narration	151	(1)
Description	152	(2)
Arguing by Refutation	154	(1)
Arguing from Comparison	155	(2)
Organizing comparison: block and alternate patterns	156	(1)
Arguing from Contraries	157	(8)
Using contradictions and paradoxes	159	(1)
Contradictions	159	(2)
Paradoxes	161	(1)
Kelly Betzold, Quiet's Noise	162	(1)
Paradox and Tolerance for Ambiguity	163	(1)
Either/or Thinking	164	(1)
Arguing from Analogy	165	(5)
Explaining the mind	168	(2)
Arguing from Classification	170	(2)
Arguing from Cause and Effect	172	(3)
Arguing from Definition	175	(6)
Digging for roots of words	179	(2)
Analyzing and Evaluating an Essay	181	(6)
John Gray, Wallets and Purses	181	(1)
Stephen King, Why We Crave Horror Movies	182	(2)
Susan Ager, Cool Comfort Steals Summer's Seasoning	184	(1)
Langston Hughes, That Word Black	185	(2)
Using the Toulmin Strategy to Argue	187	(11)
Kinds of arguments--kinds of claims	188	(1)
Laws and Policies	188	(1)
Reality, Facts	189	(2)
Values, Morals, Taste	191	(1)
Warrants	192	(1)
Stating the Warrant	193	(1)
Finding the Claim	194	(4)
Toulmin and the Psychology of Argument	198	(2)
Uncovering hidden values, beliefs, and attitudes	199	(1)
Using the Toulmin Strategy to Analyze and Evaluate an Argument	200	(5)
Thomas Sowell, Human Parasites Are Infesting Society	200	(2)
Analyzing and evaluating Sowell's argument	202	(1)
Sowell's Claim	203	(1)
The Grounds	203	(1)
Sowell's Warrant	204	(1)
Essays to Analyze and Evaluate with the Toulmin Strategy	205	(5)
Brent Staples, What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace	205	(2)
Mitch Albom, A Serious Look at Wacky Weed and Suffering	207	(1)
Ellen Goodman, Linking Crime, Abortion Rates Makes Everyone Queasy	208	(2)
Strategies of Repetition	210	(13)
Sentence Tools	210	(4)
Parallelism	210	(2)
Anaphora	212	(2)
Epistrophe	214	(1)
The Power of Threes in Sentences	214	(9)
Susan Ager, Baby, Baby, Baby, 3 Has Its Charms	215	(1)
Using threes in sentences: rising order or not	216	(1)
Varying sentence beginnings: three ways	217	(1)
Using -ing Phrases	217	(2)
Misusing -ing Phrases: Dangling Modifiers	219	(1)
Using -ed or -en Phrases	220	(1)
Using To Phrases	221	(2)
Problems in Reasoning	223	(36)
Finding the Facts	223	(1)
Implications, Assumptions, and Inferences	224	(7)
Implications	225	(1)
Assumptions	225	(2)
Inferences	227	(4)
Fallacies	231	(1)
Problems of Insufficient Evidence	232	(6)
Overgeneralizing	233	(2)
Card stacking	235	(1)
Ad ignorantium	236	(1)
Post hoc ergo propter hoc	236	(2)
Problems Based on Irrelevant Information	238	(9)
Ad baculum	239	(1)
Ad hominem	239	(1)
Fallacy of opposition	240	(1)
Genetic fallacy	240	(1)
Guilt by association	240	(1)
Ad misericordiam	240	(1)
Ad populum	241	(1)
Bandwagon	242	(1)
Plain folks and snob appeal	242	(1)
Ad verecundiam	243	(1)
Red herring	243	(1)
Weak opponent	243	(1)
Tu quoque	244	(1)
Oversimplification	245	(2)
Problems of Ambiguity	247	(4)
Amphibole	247	(1)
Begging the question	247	(1)
Equivocation	248	(1)
Loaded language	248	(1)
False analogy	249	(2)
Problems of Faulty Reasoning	251	(5)
False dilemma (either/or thinking)	251	(1)
Non sequitur	252	(1)
Rationalization	252	(1)
Reductio ad absurdum	252	(1)
Slippery slope	253	(3)
Reading and Writing Activities	256	(3)
David Rothenberg, How the Web Destroys the Quality of Students' Research Papers	256	(3)
Style and Contraries	259	(10)
Sentence Tools	259	(5)
Antithesis	259	(2)
Antithesis and balanced sentences	261	(1)
Loose and periodic sentences	262	(2)
Fine-tuning Sentences	264	(5)
False starts	264	(1)
Active and passive verbs	265	(4)
Visual Arguments	269	(50)
Photographs	269	(11)
News photographs	269	(4)
Staged Images	273	(2)
Documentary photographs	275	(2)
Fotolog: a new photo phenomenon	277	(1)
Student essays analyzing and evaluating photographs	277	(2)
Like a photograph, a painting	279	(1)
Advertisements	280	(10)
Commercial ads	280	(3)
Ads for social causes	283	(5)
Student essays analyzing and evaluating advertisements	288	(2)
Cartoons	290	(13)
Cartoons and creativity	292	(1)
Creativity and Humor	293	(2)
Serious cartoons	295	(1)
Editorial cartoons	296	(4)
Student essays analyzing and evaluating cartoons	300	(3)
Film	303	(16)
Andrew Sullivan, Blinded by the Light, Is Michael Moore Actually Mel Gibson's Alter Ego?	303	(1)
Writing about a film	304	(4)
Finding and synthesizing sources	308	(2)
Student film reviews	310	(9)
Analyzing and Evaluating Style	319	(17)
Tools of Style	319	(2)
Analyzing and Evaluating the Style of a Passage	321	(3)
Analyzing and Evaluating the Style of an Essay or a Speech	324	(5)
Rick Reilly, The Swooshification of the World	325	(4)
Essays for Analysis and Evaluation	329	(7)
Leonard Pitts, Jr., September 12, 2001: We'll Go Forward from This Moment	329	(2)
Anna Quindlen, Whoever We Are, Loss Finds Us and Defines Us	331	(1)
Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream	332	(4)
Critical Thinking About Poetry, Fiction, and Literary Nonfiction	336	(53)
Reading and Writing about Poetry	336	(9)
The language of poetry	339	(2)
Elements of poetry	341	(1)
Diction	341	(1)
Imagery	342	(1)
Figures of Speech: Metaphors, Similes, and Symbols	342	(1)
Tone	343	(1)
Speaker	343	(1)
Sound Patterns	343	(1)
Structure	344	(1)
Line Breaks	344	(1)
Reading Notebook	345	(2)
Writing an Essay about a Poem	347	(5)
Student essay analyzing and evaluating a poem	349	(3)
Poems to Consider for Writing an Essay	352	(9)
Reading and Writing about Fiction	361	(5)
Stuart Dybek, Lights	362	(1)
Stuart Dybek, Maroon	363	(1)
Anne Caston, Flying Out with the Wounded	364	(1)
Elements of fiction	365	(1)
Plot and Conflict	365	(1)
Character	365	(1)
Point of View	366	(1)
Setting	366	(1)
Moral Issues	366	(1)
Writing an Essay about a Story	366	(2)
Stories to Consider for Writing an Essay	368	(7)
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour	368	(2)
Ernest Hemingway, The End of Something	370	(2)
Stuart Dybek, Pet Milk	372	(3)
Reading and Writing about Literary Nonfiction	375	(6)
Richard Selzer, Brute	376	(5)
Writing about a Literary Nonfiction Essay	381	(8)
Richard Selzer, Abortion	381	(4)
Richard Selzer, Toenails	385	(4)
Library Strategies	389	(28)
Research Writing Options	389	(1)
The informational report	389	(1)
The argument paper	390	(1)
Modern Research	390	(1)
Start in the Library	391	(2)
Preliminary reading	392	(1)
Locating Your Research Question	393	(1)
Strategy One: Finding Background Material	393	(4)
The general encyclopedias	393	(1)
Always Use the Indexes	393	(1)
Specialized encyclopedias	394	(1)
The Growth Phenomenon: A Research Problem	395	(1)
Critical thinking in a research notebook	395	(1)
Notes and Note Cards	396	(1)
Strategy Two: Looking for Books	397	(4)
Bibliographies	398	(1)
Online databases and bookstores	398	(1)
The Library of Congress online	398	(1)
The Library of Congress main catalog	399	(1)
Other online sources	399	(1)
The public access catalog	400	(1)
Strategy Three: Look for Articles	401	(4)
Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature	401	(1)
Newspaper Online Archives	402	(1)
FirstSearch and ProQuest	402	(1)
To use popular sources or not	403	(1)
Divide your work into steps or phases	403	(1)
Start Where You Are	403	(1)
Professional, technical, and specialty journals	404	(1)
Strategy Four: Look for Reports, Other Specialized Information	405	(3)
Government documents, reports	405	(1)
Statistical information	405	(1)
Biographical sources	406	(1)
Book reviews	407	(1)
Strategy Five: Use Electronic Sources and Microform Readers	408	(1)
Microform readers	409	(1)
The Working Bibliography	409	(1)
Writing a Research Proposal	410	(7)
Giving the background research	410	(1)
Example background	411	(1)
Describing your project	412	(1)
Example description	412	(1)
Explaining your methods and procedures	412	(1)
Example methods and procedures	413	(1)
Anticipating problems and requirements in your project	413	(1)
Example problems or requirements	414	(1)
Discussing the significance of your project	414	(1)
Example significance	414	(1)
Listing your works cited or references	415	(1)
Example works cited for your proposal (MLA style)	415	(1)
Example references for your proposal (APA style)	415	(2)
Evaluating Evidence	417	(35)
Research and the Internet	417	(1)
Evaluation and the Internet	417	(1)
Millions of hits	418	(1)
Print out Internet material	418	(1)
What Is a Reliable Site?	418	(1)
Evaluating Web sites	418	(1)
Criteria for Web Sites	419	(3)
Who Is the Author?	422	(4)
Identifying authors	423	(1)
Caution on the Internet	424	(1)
Authority	425	(1)
The establishment bias: An exception	425	(1)
Reliable Information: On the Net and Off	426	(3)
Context	426	(1)
Timely data	427	(1)
Documentation and credibility	427	(1)
Hoaxes, jokes, conspiracies, and frauds	428	(1)
Understanding Evidence	429	(11)
Active reading	429	(1)
An Active Reading Technique	429	(1)
Harry Schwartz, Cloning Dolly May Be Biggest News of Our Lives	430	(2)
Questioning evidence	432	(1)
Primary and secondary evidence	433	(1)
A Problem-Solving Approach to Research	434	(1)
The weight of evidence	434	(1)
Magazines and journals	435	(1)
What Are Professional Journals?	435	(1)
Researchers' Rule	436	(1)
Examining Testimony	436	(1)
Reliable Testimony	437	(1)
Statements of Fact	437	(1)
Inferences	438	(1)
``Mere'' Opinions Versus Critical Judgments	438	(1)
Considering the evidence itself	438	(1)
A Priori Reasoning	438	(1)
Prima Facie Reasoning	439	(1)
De Facto Reasoning	439	(1)
Ex Post Facto Reasoning	439	(1)
Defining your terms	440	(1)
Occam's Razor: The Rule of Simplicity	440	(6)
Remaining impartial	441	(1)
Remaining objective	441	(1)
Determining relevance	442	(1)
Significance	442	(1)
Claim	443	(1)
Persuasion	443	(1)
Judging probability	443	(1)
Evaluating statistical data	443	(1)
Problems of questionnaires	444	(2)
Evaluating the Data: A Test Case	446	(6)
Summing up the evidence	449	(1)
Charles Krauthammer, Why Lines Must Be Drawn	450	(2)
Documentation	452	(39)
How Much Documentation?	453	(1)
Research Problems to Avoid	453	(3)
The string of pearls	453	(1)
Underresearched paper	454	(1)
Overworking the data	454	(1)
Underdocumentation	454	(1)
Plagiarism	454	(1)
The Original Material	454	(1)
Correct Use of Borrowed Information in a Research Paper	455	(1)
Plagiarism, Accidental (Maybe)	455	(1)
Plagiarism, Deliberate	455	(1)
Plagiarism, Deliberate	456	(1)
Summarizing and Paraphrasing	456	(1)
Parenthetical References	457	(1)
What to Document	458	(3)
Direct quotations	458	(1)
Words and ideas from a source	458	(1)
Paraphrases and restatements	458	(2)
Discussing the same source	460	(1)
Source within a source	460	(1)
Content notes	461	(1)
What Not to Document	461	(2)
Common knowledge	461	(2)
In-Text Rules: MLA Style	463	(3)
Use author's name and signal phrase	463	(1)
Works Cited Entry for Two or Three Authors	464	(1)
Works Cited Entry for Four or More Authors	464	(1)
Name and Date Style in Your Paper, More than Two Authors	464	(1)
Name and Date Style in Your References, Give All Authors' Names, in Reverse Order	464	(1)
Use name and title for more than one work by same author	464	(1)
Use shortened titles	465	(1)
Use page numbers	465	(1)
Works with Numbered Sections or Lines	466	(1)
Bibliography	466	(2)
Authors' names	466	(1)
Titles	467	(1)
Place of publication	467	(1)
Shorten publishers' names	467	(1)
Copyright date	467	(1)
Basic Works Cited Model, Book (MLA)	468	(1)
Basic Works Cited Model, Periodical (MLA)	468	(1)
Books: MLA Works Cited Models	469	(2)
One author	469	(1)
More than one book by same author	469	(1)
Author of one book, coauthor of another	469	(1)
Two or more authors	469	(1)
Committee or group author	470	(1)
Book with editor(s)	470	(1)
Essay, chapter, or selection in anthology, edited work	470	(1)
Translation	470	(1)
Multivolume work	470	(1)
Part(s) of multivolume work	470	(1)
Reprint of older work	470	(1)
Edition	471	(1)
Introduction, preface, foreword	471	(1)
Bible, sacred works	471	(1)
Anonymous works	471	(1)
Dictionary	471	(1)
Periodicals: MLA Works Cited Models	471	(3)
Weekly magazine article	471	(1)
Magazine article, no author given	472	(1)
Monthly magazine article	472	(1)
Newspaper article	472	(1)
Newspaper article, unsigned	472	(1)
Editorial, signed and unsigned	472	(1)
Letter to the editor	472	(1)
Book review	473	(1)
Film review	473	(1)
Music review	473	(1)
Professional, technical, or specialty journal, each issue starting with page 1	473	(1)
Professional, technical, or specialty journal, pages numbered continuously throughout year	473	(1)
Titles and quotes within titles	474	(1)
Other Sources: MLA Works Cited Models	474	(2)
Handout or unpublished essay	474	(1)
Lecture, speech, public address	474	(1)
Film	474	(1)
Video recording: television or film	474	(1)
Play, performance	475	(1)
Musical performance	475	(1)
Musical composition	475	(1)
Recording	475	(1)
Individual selection from a recording	475	(1)
Television show	475	(1)
Work of art	475	(1)
Poem published separately	475	(1)
Poem in a collection	475	(1)
Letter, personal	475	(1)
Letter(s), published	475	(1)
Personal interview	476	(1)
Telephone interview	476	(1)
Published interview	476	(1)
A chart, diagram, map, or table	476	(1)
A cartoon	476	(1)
An advertisement	476	(1)
Electronic Sources: MLA Works Cited Models	476	(3)
Article from a magazine	477	(1)
Article from an online newspaper	477	(1)
Article from an online professional or technical journal	477	(1)
Online book	478	(1)
Part of an online book	478	(1)
Online government publication	478	(1)
CD-ROM	478	(1)
Work from an online database	478	(1)
Name and Date Method of Documentation: APA Style	479	(1)
Guidelines for References in Your Text: APA Style	480	(1)
Extended discussion	480	(1)
Two or more authors	480	(1)
No author	481	(1)
Author (committee or group) with long name	481	(1)
Two authors with same name	481	(1)
Same author, same year	481	(1)
In References List	481	(1)
Multiple references	481	(1)
References List in APA Style	481	(1)
Basic Reference Form, Book (APA)	482	(1)
Basic Reference Form, Periodicals (APA)	482	(1)
Books: Reference List Models, APA Style	483	(3)
One author	483	(1)
More than one book by same author	483	(1)
Author of one book, coauthor of another	484	(1)
Two or more authors	484	(1)
Committee or group author	484	(1)
Book with editor(s)	484	(1)
Chapter or section in an edited work	484	(1)
Translation	485	(1)
Multivolume work	485	(1)
Part(s) of multivolume work	485	(1)
Unsigned work	485	(1)
Reprint of older work	485	(1)
Edition	485	(1)
Introduction, preface, foreword	485	(1)
Dictionary	485	(1)
Periodicals: Reference List Models, APA Style	486	(1)
Weekly magazine article	486	(1)
Magazine article, no author given	486	(1)
Monthly magazine article	486	(1)
Newspaper article	486	(1)
Newspaper article, unsigned	486	(1)
Editorial, signed and unsigned	486	(1)
Letter to the editor	486	(1)
Book review	486	(1)
Film review	487	(1)
Music review	487	(1)
Professional, technical, or specialty journal, each issue starting with page 1	487	(1)
Professional, technical, or specialty journal, pages numbered continuously throughout volume	487	(1)
Titles and quotes within titles	487	(1)
Other Sources: Reference List Models, APA Style	487	(2)
Handout or unpublished essay	487	(1)
Lecture, speech, public address	487	(1)
Film	488	(1)
Video or DVD: film or television	488	(1)
Television show	488	(1)
Play, performance	488	(1)
Recording	488	(1)
Individual selection from a recording	488	(1)
Work of art	488	(1)
Poem published separately	488	(1)
Poem in a collection	488	(1)
Letter, personal	488	(1)
Letter(s), published	488	(1)
Personal interview	488	(1)
Published interview	489	(1)
A chart, diagram, map, or table	489	(1)
A cartoon	489	(1)
An advertisement	489	(1)
Electronic Sources: Reference List Models, APA Style	489	(2)
Internet articles based on a print source	489	(1)
Article from a professional or technical journal	489	(1)
Article from an online journal, no print source	489	(1)
Article from a magazine	489	(1)
Article from an online newspaper	490	(1)
Online book	490	(1)
Online government publication	490	(1)
Work from an online database	490	(1)
Writing Your Research Paper	491	(77)
Researchers as Writers	491	(1)
Writing an Informational Report	491	(5)
A model informational report	492	(4)
Organizing Informational Reports	496	(1)
Writing an Argument Paper	497	(2)
Shaping your thesis	497	(1)
The Arguable Proposition	497	(1)
Discovering order	497	(1)
Working through your project	498	(1)
Understanding Audience	498	(1)
Controlling Your Voice	498	(1)
Taking Your Time	499	(1)
Substantiating Your Data	499	(1)
The Formal Outline	499	(1)
Revising the preliminary outline	500	(1)
The Formal Outline Model	500	(2)
The Abstract	502	(2)
Title, Introduction, Conclusion	504	(1)
The title	504	(1)
The introduction	504	(1)
The conclusion	504	(1)
Organizing Your Paper	505	(1)
Chronological	505	(1)
Order of importance	505	(1)
Making concessions	505	(1)
Writing Clear Paragraphs	506	(1)
Use unifying devices	507	(1)
Works Cited or References	507	(1)
The bibliography rule	507	(1)
A Model Argument Paper	508	(9)
Typing Your Paper	517	(3)
MLA guidelines	517	(1)
APA guidelines	518	(1)
Example title page based on APA guidelines	519	(1)
APA page models after title page	519	(1)
Illustrations and Tables	520	(3)
CONCISE HANDBOOK ON GRAMMAR, MECHANICS, AND USAGE
Sentences	523	(16)
Punctuation	539	(14)
Mechanics	553	(8)
Glossary of Usage	561	(7)
Credits	568	(6)
Index	574