Preface

Introduction to Using Computers

Objectives

1.1

(1)

Computer Literacy

1.2

(1)

What is a Computer and What Does it Do?

1.3

(1)

The Components of a Computer

1.5

(1)

Input Devices

1.5

(1)

Output Devices

1.6

(1)

System Unit

1.6

(1)

Storage Devices

1.7

(1)

Communications Devices

1.8

(1)

Why is a Computer so Powerful?

1.8

(1)

Speed

1.8

(1)

Reliability

1.8

(1)

Accuracy

1.8

(1)

Storage

1.8

(1)

Communications

1.8

(1)

Computer Software

1.9

(1)

System Software

1.10

(1)

Application Software

1.12

(1)

Software Development

1.13

(1)

Networks and the Internet

1.14

(1)

Categories of Computers

1.18

(1)

Personal Computers

1.19

(1)

Desktop Computers

1.20

(1)

Portable Computers

1.22

(1)

Minicomputers

1.24

(1)

Mainframe Computers

1.24

(1)

Supercomputers

1.24

(1)

Examples of Computer Usage

1.25

(1)

Home User

1.26

(1)

Small Business User

1.28

(1)

Mobile User

1.30

(1)

Large Business User

1.32

(1)

Power User

1.34

(1)

Computer User as a Provider of Information

1.36

(1)

Technology Trailblazer --- Bill Gates

1.38

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- Microsoft

1.39

(1)

In Brief

1.40

(1)

Key Terms

1.42

(1)

At the Movies

1.43

(1)

Checkpoint

1.44

(1)

At Issue

1.45

(1)

My Web Page

1.46

(1)

Hands on

1.47

(1)

Net Stuff

1.48

(1)

Special Feature

1.50

(1)

Application Software and the World Wide Web

Objectives

2.1

(1)

Application Software

2.2

(1)

The Role of the Operating System

2.2

(1)

The Role of the User Interface

2.3

(1)

Starting a Software Application

2.4

(1)

Productivity Software

2.7

(1)

Word Processing Software

2.8

(1)

Spreadsheet Software

2.12

(1)

Database Software

2.15

(1)

Presentation Graphics Software

2.18

(1)

Personal Information Managers

2.21

(1)

Software Suite

2.21

(1)

Project Management Software

2.22

(1)

Accounting Software

2.22

(1)

Graphics and Multimedia Software

2.23

(1)

Computer-Aided Design

2.24

(1)

Desktop Publishing Software (Professional)

2.24

(1)

Paint/Image Editing Software (Professional)

2.25

(1)

Video and Audio Editing Software

2.26

(1)

Multimedia Authoring Software

2.26

(1)

Web Page Authoring Software

2.27

(1)

Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use

2.27

(1)

Integrated Software

2.28

(1)

Personal Finance Software

2.28

(1)

Legal Software

2.29

(1)

Tax Preparation Software

2.29

(1)

Desktop Publishing (Personal)

2.30

(1)

Paint/Image Editing Software (Personal)

2.30

(1)

Clip Art/Image Gallery

2.31

(1)

Home Design/Landscaping Software

2.31

(1)

Educational/Reference/Personal Computer Entertainment Software

2.32

(1)

Software for Communications

2.32

(1)

Groupware

2.32

(1)

Electronic Mail Software

2.33

(1)

Web Browsers

2.34

(1)

Browsing the World Wide Web

2.35

(1)

Connecting to the Web and Starting a Browser

2.36

(1)

Navigating Web Pages Using Links

2.37

(1)

Using the Browser Toolbars

2.39

(1)

Entering a URL

2.39

(1)

Searching for Information on the Web

2.40

(1)

Applications on the Web

2.42

(1)

Application Service Providers

2.43

(1)

Learning Aids and Support Tools

2.44

(1)

Technology Traiblazer --- Marc Andreessen

2.46

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- America Online, Inc.

2.47

(1)

In Brief

2.48

(1)

Key Terms

2.51

(1)

At the Movies

2.52

(1)

Checkpoint

2.53

(1)

At Issue

2.54

(1)

My Web Page

2.55

(1)

Hands On

2.56

(1)

Net Stuff

2.57

(1)

Special Feature

2.58

(1)

The Components in the System Unit

Objectives

3.1

(1)

The System Unit

3.2

(1)

The Motherboard

3.3

(1)

Central Processing Unit

3.4

(1)

The Control Unit

3.5

(1)

The Arithmetic/Logic Unit

3.6

(1)

Pipelining

3.7

(1)

Registers

3.8

(1)

The System Clock

3.8

(1)

Microprocessor Comparison

3.8

(1)

Processor Installation and Upgrades

3.10

(1)

Heat Sinks and Heat Pipes

3.10

(1)

Coprocessors

3.11

(1)

Parallel Processing

3.11

(1)

Data Representation

3.11

(1)

Memory

3.14

(1)

Ram

3.15

(1)

Cache

3.17

(1)

ROM

3.18

(1)

CMOS

3.19

(1)

Memory Access Times

3.19

(1)

Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards

3.20

(1)

PC Cards

3.20

(1)

Ports

3.21

(1)

Serial Ports

3.23

(1)

Parallel Ports

3.23

(1)

Universal Serial Bus Port

3.24

(1)

Special-Purpose Ports

3.24

(1)

Buses

3.24

(1)

Expansion Bus

3.26

(1)

Bays

3.27

(1)

Power Supply

3.28

(1)

Laptop Computers

3.28

(1)

Putting It all Together

3.29

(1)

Technology Trailblazers --- Andy Grove and Gordon Moore

3.30

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- Intel

3.31

(1)

In Brief

3.32

(1)

Key Terms

3.34

(1)

At the Movies

3.35

(1)

Checkpoint

3.36

(1)

At Issue

3.37

(1)

My Web Page

3.38

(1)

Hands On

3.39

(1)

Net Stuff

3.40

(1)

Special Feature

3.41

(1)

Input

Objectives

4.1

(1)

What is Input?

4.2

(1)

What Are Input Devices?

4.3

(1)

The Keyboard

4.3

(1)

Keyboard Types

4.6

(1)

Pointing Devices

4.7

(1)

Mouse

4.7

(1)

Trackball

4.10

(1)

Touchpad

4.11

(1)

Pointing Stick

4.11

(1)

Joystick

4.12

(1)

Touch Screen

4.12

(1)

Pen Input

4.12

(1)

Scanners and Reading Devices

4.13

(1)

Optical Scanner

4.14

(1)

Optical Readers

4.16

(1)

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Reader

4.19

(1)

Data Collection Devices

4.20

(1)

Digital Cameras

4.20

(1)

Audio and Video Input

4.22

(1)

Audio Input

4.22

(1)

Speech Recognition

4.22

(1)

Video Input

4.24

(1)

Videoconferencing

4.25

(1)

Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

4.26

(1)

Putting it all Together

4.27

(1)

Technology Trailblazer --- Lou Gerstner

4.28

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- IBM

4.29

(1)

In Brief

4.30

(1)

Key Terms

4.32

(1)

At the Movies

4.33

(1)

Checkpoint

4.34

(1)

At Issue

4.35

(1)

My Web Page

4.36

(1)

Hands On

4.37

(1)

Net Stuff

4.38

(1)

Output

Objectives

5.1

(1)

What is Output?

5.2

(1)

What are Output Devices?

5.3

(1)

Display Devices

5.3

(1)

CRT Monitors

5.3

(1)

Flat-Panel Displays

5.4

(1)

Monitor Quality

5.6

(1)

Video Cards

5.8

(1)

Monitor Ergonomics

5.10

(1)

High-Definition Television

5.11

(1)

Printers

5.11

(1)

Impact Printers

5.12

(1)

Nonimpact Printers

5.14

(1)

Portable Printers

5.18

(1)

Plotters and Large-Format Printers

5.19

(1)

Special-Purpose Printers

5.20

(1)

Audio Output

5.20

(1)

Other Output Devices

5.21

(1)

Data Projectors

5.21

(1)

Facsimile (Fax) Machine

5.22

(1)

Multifunction Devices

5.23

(1)

Terminals

5.23

(1)

Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users

5.24

(1)

Putting it all Together

5.25

(1)

Technology Trailblazers --- William Hewlett and David Packard

5.26

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- Hewlett-Packard

5.27

(1)

In Brief

5.28

(1)

Key Terms

5.30

(1)

At the Movies

5.31

(1)

Checkpoint

5.32

(1)

At Issue

5.33

(1)

My Web Page

5.34

(1)

Hands on

5.35

(1)

Net Stuff

5.36

(1)

Storage

Objectives

6.1

(1)

Memory Versus Storage

6.2

(1)

Memory

6.2

(1)

Storage

6.2

(1)

Floppy Disks

6.4

(1)

Characteristics of Magnetic Media

6.5

(1)

Characteristics of a Floppy Disk

6.6

(1)

Floppy Disk Drives

6.7

(1)

Care of Floppy Disks

6.9

(1)

High-Capacity Floppy Disks

6.9

(1)

Hard Disks

6.10

(1)

Characteristics of a Hard Disk

6.11

(1)

How a Hard Disk Works

6.12

(1)

Removable Hard Disks

6.14

(1)

Hard Disk Controllers

6.14

(1)

RAID

6.15

(1)

Maintaining Data Stored on a Hard Disk

6.16

(1)

Compact Discs

6.16

(1)

CD-ROMs

6.19

(1)

DVD-ROMs

6.22

(1)

Tapes

6.23

(1)

PC Cards

6.24

(1)

Other Types of Storage

6.25

(1)

Smart Cards

6.25

(1)

Microfilm and Microfiche

6.26

(1)

Enterprise Storage Systems and Data Warehouses

6.26

(1)

Putting it all Together

6.27

(1)

Technology Trailblazer --- Scott McNealy

6.28

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- Silicon Graphics

6.29

(1)

In Brief

6.30

(1)

Key Terms

6.32

(1)

At the Movies

6.33

(1)

Checkpoint

6.34

(1)

At Issue

6.35

(1)

My Web Page

6.36

(1)

Hands On

6.37

(1)

Net Stuff

6.38

(1)

The Internet

Objectives

7.1

(1)

The Internet

7.2

(1)

History of the Internet

7.4

(1)

How the Internet Works

7.6

(1)

Internet Service Providers and Online Services

7.6

(1)

Connecting to the Internet

7.7

(1)

How Data Travels the Internet

7.7

(1)

Internet Addresses

7.8

(1)

The World Wide Web

7.10

(1)

Search Engines

7.12

(1)

Multimedia on the Web

7.12

(1)

Webcasting

7.18

(1)

Electronic Commerce

7.19

(1)

Web Publishing

7.20

(1)

Other Internet Services

7.23

(1)

E-mail

7.23

(1)

FTP

7.25

(1)

Telnet

7.26

(1)

Newsgroups and Message Boards

7.27

(1)

Mailing Lists

7.28

(1)

Chat Rooms

7.29

(1)

Instant Messaging

7.29

(1)

Portals

7.29

(1)

Netiquette

7.30

(1)

Using the Internet: Cookies and Security

7.31

(1)

7.31

(1)

Internet Security

7.32

(1)

Network Computers

7.33

(1)

Web Appliances

7.33

(1)

Wireless Web Communications

7.34

(1)

Technology Trailblazer --- TIM Berners-Lee

7.36

(1)

Company on the Cutting Edge --- Yahoo!

7.37

(1)

In Brief

7.38

(1)

Key Terms

7.40

(1)

At the Movies

7.41

(1)

Checkpoint

7.42

(1)

At Issue

7.43

(1)

My Web Page

7.44

(1)

Hands on

7.45

(1)

Net Stuff

7.46

(1)

Special Feature

7.47

(1)

Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Objectives

8.1

(1)

System Software

8.2

(1)

Operating Systems

8.2

(1)

User Interfaces

8.3

(1)

Features of Operating Systems

8.4

(1)

Functions of an Operating System

8.6

(1)

Popular Operating Systems

8.10

(1)

DOS

8.11

(1)

Windows 3.x

8.12

(1)

Windows 95

8.12

(1)

Windows NT

8.12

(1)

Windows 98

8.12

(1)

Windows 2000

8.12

(1)

Windows Millennium

8.14

(1)

Windows CE

8.14

(1)

Palm OS

8.14

(1)

Mac OS

8.14

(1)

OS/2

8.14

(1)

UNIX

8.16

(1)

Linux

8.16

(1)

NetWare

8.17

(1)

Starting a Computer

8.17

(1)

Boot Disk

8.20

(1)

Utility Programs

8.21

(1)

Technology Trailblazers --- Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs

8.26

(1)

Companies on the Cutting Edge --- Apple VS. IBM Compatibles --- The Rivalry

8.27

(1)

In Brief

8.28

(1)

Key Terms

8.30

(1)

At the Movies

8.31

(1)

Checkpoint

8.32

(1)

At Issue

8.33

(1)

My Web Page

8.34

(1)

Hands On

8.35

(1)

Net Stuff

8.36

(1)

Special Feature

8.37

(23)

APPENDIX CODING SCHEMES AND NUMBER SYSTEMS

Coding Schemes

A.1

ASCII and EBCDIC

A.1

Unicode

A.1

Parity

A.2

Number Systems

A.2

The Decimal Number System

A.3

The Binary Number System

A.4

The Hexadecimal Number System

A.4

Index

I.1

Photo Credits

I.20

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Discovering Computers 2001 Concepts for a Connected World Brief Edition

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