Discovering the Western Past A Look at the Evidence, Volume I: To 1789

by Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Ruff, Julius; Wheeler, William Bruce

• ISBN13: 9780618312924
• ISBN10: 0618312927
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-04-22
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This successful western history version of the popular Discovering series provides a broad range of both visual and written sources within a unique pedagogical framework that guides students through the process of historical inquiry and explanation. Its unique structure promotes critical thinking, sharpens analytical skills, and builds student interest in the subject matter. The text emphasizes historical study as interpretation rather than memorization of data, with actual documents and artifacts from which students develop answers to historical questions. A new chapter in Volume 1 focuses on the development of monotheism in the ancient world, including new coverage of the Sumerians, Egyptians, Hebrews, and others. Other new chapters examine the Crusades and the impact of the Reformation through confessionalization and social discipline. Volume II includes expanded visual evidence in the chapter on World War I. The volume also includes new chapters on the Cold War, women's political activism, and globalization and the European community.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
The Need for Water in Ancient Societies	1	(19)
The Problem	1	(4)
Sources and Method	5	(3)
The Evidence	8	(8)
Aerial photograph of pre-Roman city in Italy
Major ancient levees identifiable in Landsat imagery
Drawing of early Egyptian king cutting an irrigation ditch
Drawings of water-lifting devices
Sections from the Code of Hammurabi referring to irrigation
Vitruvius's description of the Roman aqueduct system
Suetonius's description of the water projects undertaken by Emperor Claudius
Frontinus's discussion of Rome's water system
Proclamation of Emperor Theodosius
Questions to Consider	16	(2)
Epilogue	18	(2)
Polytheism and Monotheism in the Fertile Crescent, ca 3000-500 B.C.	20	(34)
The Problem	20	(6)
Sources and Method	26	(8)
The Evidence	34	(18)
Drawing and photograph of the ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur
Creation of man by the mother goddess
Prayer to the moon god
The Epic of Gilgamesh
The Code of Hammurabi
The Creation from Genesis
The Ten Commandments
Selections from the Torah
Selections from the prophets
The Book of Job
Questions to Consider	52	(1)
Epilogue	53	(1)
The Ideal and the Reality of Classical Athens	54	(23)
The Problem	54	(2)
Sources and Method	56	(3)
The Evidence	59	(15)
Pericles' funeral speech
The Melian debate
Aristotle's Politics
An unknown author's view of Athenian democracy
Xenophon's Economist
Plato's Republic
Floor plan of a house from Olynthus
Map of the Athenian agora
Questions to Consider	74	(1)
Epilogue	75	(2)
The Achievements of Augustus	77	(23)
The Problem	77	(2)
Sources and Method	79	(5)
The Evidence	84	(13)
Decree issued by Emperor Augustus
Inscription from the city of Narbonne
Horace's Odes
Suetonius's Life of Augustus
Cassius's Roman History
Tacitus's Annals
Augustus's Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Roman coins
Photograph of the arch of Augustus at Rimini
Maps of Roman roads
Questions to Consider	97	(1)
Epilogue	98	(2)
Slave Law in Roman and Germanic Society	100	(27)
The Problem	100	(1)
Sources and Method	101	(7)
The Evidence	108	(15)
Theodosian Code
Digest of Justinian's Code
The Burgundian Code
Salic law
Lombard laws
Laws of the Alamans
Laws of Anglo-Saxon kings
Questions to Consider	123	(1)
Epilogue	124	(3)
The Development of the Medieval State	127	(25)
The Problem	127	(2)
Sources and Method	129	(4)
The Evidence	133	(16)
Ordericus Vitalis's Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy
Photographs and a ground plan of medieval castles
Map of the location of castles built by William the Conqueror
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Assize of Clarendon
Constitutions of Clarendon
Coronations of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Richard the Lionhearted
Portrait of Emperor Otto III
Bayeux tapestry showing King Harold seated on the throne of England
Photograph of tomb sculpture of Duke Henry of Brunswick and his wife Matilda
Questions to Consider	149	(1)
Epilogue	150	(2)
Life at a Medieval University	152	(26)
The Problem	152	(1)
Sources and Method	153	(5)
The Evidence	158	(16)
Royal privileges granted to the University of Paris by the king of France
Statutes for the University of Paris issued by Robert Courcon in 1215 and by Pope Gregory XI in 1231
Robert de Sorbon's regulations for his college
Peter Abelard's Sic et Non
St. Anselm's Monologium
Odofredus's announcement of his law lectures at Bologna
Emperor Justinian's Digest
Extracts from the letters of St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Anonymous account of a student riot at Oxford
Jacques de Vitry's description of student life at Paris
Two letters
Three anonymous student poems
Questions to Consider	174	(2)
Epilogue	176	(2)
Infidels and Heretics: Crusades of the High Middle Ages	178	(30)
The Problem	178	(5)
Sources and Method	183	(3)
The Evidence	186	(18)
Fulcher of Chartes's Chronicle of the First Crusade
The deeds of the Franks
Letter from Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartes, to his wife Adele
Letter to the pope and bishops from the archbishop of Pisa, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Raymond of St. Gilles
Peter of Les Vaux-de-Cernay's The History of the Albigensian Crusade
William of Tudela's The Song of the Cathar Wars
Letter from Pope Innocent III to the legate Arnold Amalric
Questions to Consider	204	(1)
Epilogue	205	(3)
Capitalism and Conflict in the Medieval Cloth Trade	208	(23)
The Problem	208	(4)
Sources and Method	212	(3)
The Evidence	215	(12)
Laws regarding the cloth trade by territorial rulers
Regulations regarding cloth production workers issued by merchants' guilds and city councils
Legal records of cases involving disputes in the cloth trade
Apprenticeship and insurance contracts for the cloth trade
Guild records of the amount of cloth produced in Florence and Ypres
Customs records of the export of raw wool and wool cloth from England
Questions to Consider	227	(2)
Epilogue	229	(2)
The Renaissance Man and Woman	231	(23)
The Problem	231	(4)
Sources and Method	235	(3)
The Evidence	238	(12)
Illustration of Albrecht Durer, 1500; Botticelli's Simonetta, ca 1444-1510; and Andrea del Verrocchio's sculpture of Gen
Bartolommeo Colleoni, ca 1435-1488
Letters on the content of a liberal education from Peter Paul Vergerius and Leonardo Bruni
Baldassare Castiglione's The Courtier
Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince
Leon Battista Alberti's Autobiography
Polydore Vergil's Anglia Historia
Questions to Consider	250	(2)
Epilogue	252	(2)
Pagans, Muslims, and Christians in the Mental World of Columbus	254	(37)
The Problem	254	(2)
Sources and Method	256	(6)
The Evidence	262	(26)
Prologue to the journal of Christopher Columbus
Letter from Columbus to Ferdinand and Isabella
The Life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by His Son Ferdinand
Ptolemy's Geography
Pliny's Natural History
Abu Abdallah Mohammed Idrisi's Geography
Ibn Fadl Allah al-Umari's Masalik al-Absar
Letter of John of Monte Corvino
The Travels of Marco Polo
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
Pierre d'Ailly's Imago Mundi
Letter to Columbus from Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
Map of the world from Ptolemy's Geography
Sailor's chart of the Atlantic Islands
Letter from Columbus
Questions to Consider	288	(1)
Epilogue	289	(2)
The Impact of the Reformations: Confessionalization and Social Discipline	291	(25)
The Problem	291	(3)
Sources and Method	294	(5)
The Evidence	299	(14)
Sermon by Sebastian Froschel
Lutheran authorities discuss the aims of education
Bylaw of the city of Malmo, Denmark
Records of the city council of Nuremberg
The decrees of the Council of Trent
Visitation reports from Ourense, Spain, and Nassau-Wiesbaden, Germany
Three cases tried by the Spanish Inquisition
Cases heard by the Calvinist provincial synod at Cleve
Charts and records related to the Reformation, including education, excommunications, and other disciplinary action and court cases
Questions to Consider	313	(1)
Epilogue	314	(2)
Peasant Violence: Rebellion and Riot in Early Modern Europe, 1525-1789	316	(37)
The Problem	316	(3)
Sources and Method	319	(14)
The Evidence	333	(17)
Records and declarations of peasant revolts and rebellions throughout Europe, including chronicles, interrogations, and statements by peasants
Questions to Consider	350	(1)
Epilogue	351	(2)
Staging Absolutism	353	(25)
The Problem	353	(3)
Sources and Method	356	(5)
The Evidence	361	(16)
Jean Bodin's The Six Books of the Republic, Book I
Jacques Benigne Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of the Holy Scripture
The duke of Saint-Simon on the reign of Louis XIV
Royal portraits
Photograph of the mask of Apollo
Engraving of Louis XIV as ``Roman Emperor.'' Photographs and illustrations of Versailles and Marly
Questions to Consider	377	(1)
Epilogue	378