Acknowledgments | |
Foreword | |
Surveying Discretion by Criminal Justice Decision Makers | |
The American Bar Foundation Survey | |
The Survey Origins | |
Research Methodology | |
Major Observations of the Survey | |
The Pilot Project Reports and the Survey Books | |
The Impact of Ideology on Practice and Research | |
Policy Choices | |
Confronting the Complexity of the Policing Function | |
Introduction | |
The State of Knowledge Before the ABF Survey | |
The American Bar Foundation Survey | |
Methodology | |
Substantive Findings | |
Developments Since the ABF Survey | |
The Varied Nature of the Police Function | |
The Infinite Variety of Situations Police Are Called on to Handle | |
The Varied Uses of Arrest | |
The Prevalence of Discretion on Policing | |
The Police Decision Not to Arrest | |
The Criminal Justice System as a System | |
Conclusion | |
The Decision to Charge, the Decision to Convict on a Plea of Guilty, and the Impact of Sentence Structure on Prosecution Practices | |
Introduction | |
The Charging and Guilty Plea Decisions as Seen in the Pre-ABF Research | |
The Charging Decision | |
The Guilty Plea Decision | |
Summary | |
The Charging and Guilty Plea Decisions in the ABF Research | |
The Charging Decision | |
The Guilty Plea Decision | |
Lessons Learned in the ABF Research on Charging and Guilty Plea Decisions | |
Post-ABF Developments | |
The Charging Decision | |
The Guilty Plea Decision | |
The Changing of Roles of Trial Judge, Prosecuter, Defense Counsel, and Victim in the Charging and Guilty Plea Decisions | |
Conclusion | |
Sentencing, Parole, and Community Supervision | |
Introduction | |
Pre-ABF Research and Developments | |
Classical and Positivist Theories | |
Implementation of Rehabilitative Theory in American Practices | |
Ideological Framework of the Pre-ABF Research | |
Pre-ABF Research Findings | |
Sentencing Discretion in Pre-ABF Research | |
Conclusions on Pre-ABF Research | |
The American Bar Foundation Research | |
Trial Judge Sentencing in Wisconsin as Described by the ABF Research | |
Parole Release in Wisconsin | |
Probation and Parole Supervision in Wisconsin | |
Significance of the ABF Research | |
Post-ABF Research and Developments | |
The Experience in Wisconsin | |
After the ABF Survey--Sentencing and Parole Release | |
Conclusion: Discretion in Sentencing and Corrections on the National Scene | |
Criminal Justice Responses to Domestic Violence | |
The ABF Survey's Contribution to Domestic Violence Issues | |
Related Developments on Domestic Violence Issues | |
Influences on the Development of Full Enforcement Policies | |
Research Findings on Full Enforcement | |
The Future: From Low Visibility to High Visibility; From Adjustment to Arrest; So What? | |
Police Rule Making and the Fourth Amendment: The Role of the Courts | |
Police Rule Making and the Fourth Amendment | |
Impoundments and Inventories: The Bertine "Standardized Procedure" Requirement | |
Inspections: The Camera "Reasonable àAdministrative Standards" Requirement | |
Stops: By "Plan" or By "Profile" | |
Arrests: Police Limits on Force and Custody | |
The Role of the Courts to Date | |
Remaining Problem Areas | |
Denouement | |
The American Bar Foundation Survey and the Development of Criminal Justice Higher Education | |
Criminal Justice Education | |
Development of Educational Materials | |
Summer Seminars for Legal and Social Science Scholars | |
Law Student Summer Field Placements in Criminal Justice Agencies | |
Problems with Teaching and Researching Criminal Justice in Law School Settings | |
Creation of the State University of New York and the First School of Criminal Justice | |
Governor Nelson Rockefeller and the State University of New York | |
Origins of the School of Criminal Justice at Albany | |
The Role of Eliot Lumbard | |
Meeting the Personnel Needs of Criminal Justice Agencies | |
Early Consultants to the Albany School | |
The Planning Year: Creation of the Albany Model | |
Criminal Justice Education Defined | |
Graduate Curriculum in Criminal Justice: The Albany Model | |
Structure of the School: Faculty and Student Criteria | |
The Albany School After Twenty Years | |
The Spread of Criminal Justice Higher Education | |
The Federal Office of Manpower and Training | |
Criminal Justice Education Proselytizers | |
The Creation of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences | |
Survival After the Demise of LEAA | |
Location and Identity in Universities and Colleges | |
Location on New and Secondary Campuses | |
Why Survival and Growth? | |
The American Bar Foundation Survey and Criminal Justice Education Today | |
Major Contributions of the ABF Survey to Criminal Justice Higher Education | |
Contrary Developments and Unanticipated Consequences in the Academic Field of Criminal Justice | |
The Future off Criminal Justice Education | |
Solidifying the Field | |
Location on Prestigious Campuses | |
New Student Populations | |
Curriculum Standardizations | |
Research Trends | |
Increased Professionalism of On-Line Personnel | |
Conclusion | |
About the Authors | |
Project Participants | |
Index | |
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