Discrimination Law Text, Cases and Materials - Second Edition

by McColgan, Aileen

• ISBN13: 9781841134840
• ISBN10: 1841134848
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-08-01
• Publisher: Hart Publishing

Summary

This is the second edition of a work which offers comprehensive coverage of the relevant UK and European Community law with a critical analysis of that law. The book,unusually, deals in detail with Northern Irelands fair employment legislation as well as the law relating to sex, race and disability discrimination and equal pay. Structured so as to be accessible to the student approaching discrimination law for the first time, the book is sufficiently detailed and analytical to appeal to the well-informed reader, and to provide those engaged in research with a solid base for further independent study. For the undergraduate student studying discrimination law as a free-standing subject or as part of a wider course, the book provides a one stop shop; for the postgraduate student, too, it provides a challenging core text for any discrimination law course.

Author Biography

Aileen McColgan is a Reader in Law at Kings College London

Table of Contents

Table of Cases	xiii
Table of Statutory Instruments and Codes of Practice	xxxv
Table of Legislation	xliii
Introduction	1	(37)
Introduction	1	(1)
Discrimination and the Common Law	2	(6)
Domestic Statutory Prohibitions on Discrimination	8	(6)
Existing Provisions	8	(2)
Age Discrimination	10	(4)
Discrimination/Equality and the HRA	14	(5)
EU Law and Discrimination/Equality	19	(5)
Existing Provisions	19	(3)
The New Constitutional Treaty	22	(2)
Discrimination and Disadvantage	24	(8)
Multiple Discrimination	32	(6)
`Discrimination'	38	(92)
Direct Discrimination	38	(26)
Intention, Motivation and Stereotypes	40	(9)
Legitimising Direct Discrimination: `Appropriate' Comparators	49	(6)
Harassment and Discrimination	55	(9)
Victimisation	64	(8)
Indirect Discrimination	72	(56)
Definitions of Indirect Discrimination	77	(2)
`Requirement or Condition'/'Provision, Criterion or Practice'	79	(6)
Disparate Impact	85	(13)
Detriment/Disadvantage	98	(4)
Justification---the Domestic Approach	102	(6)
Justification in EU Law	108	(3)
Reconciling EU and Domestic Law	111	(17)
Other Prohibited Discrimination	128	(2)
Equality	130	(59)
Introduction	130	(2)
Positive Discrimination---The UK Position	132	(7)
The DDA	132	(1)
The SDA and RRA	133	(3)
The SO Regs and RB Regs	136	(1)
FETO	136	(3)
Positive Action and Indirect Discrimination	139	(4)
The Politics of Positive Discrimination	143	(5)
The Use of Positive Action in the UK	148	(9)
Introduction	148	(3)
Goals and Timetables	151	(6)
Positive Discrimination and EC Law	157	(14)
`Mainstreaming' Equality? Positive Obligations and Public Authorities	171	(18)
The EU	171	(2)
Northern Ireland	173	(5)
Race	178	(2)
Disability	180	(3)
Sex	183	(1)
Other Mainstreaming Measures	183	(1)
The Potential of Mainstreaming	184	(5)
Coverage	189	(104)
Introduction	189	(1)
General Exceptions to the Prohibition on Discretion	190	(4)
Employment	194	(7)
Scope of `Employment'	194	(6)
Geographical Scope	200	(1)
Prohibited Discrimination	201	(18)
Selection Arrangements	201	(7)
Failure to Appoint	208	(2)
Terms of Appointment	210	(1)
Discrimination in Access to Promotion, Employment-related Benefits, etc	210	(1)
Dismissal	211	(1)
Post-employment Discrimination	212	(2)
Detriment	214	(5)
Wider Employment-Related Provisions	219	(16)
Barristers, etc	220	(1)
Partners	220	(1)
Contract Workers	221	(4)
Office Holders	225	(2)
Trade Unions, etc	227	(1)
Qualifications Bodies	228	(6)
Vocational Training	234	(1)
Exceptions to the Prohibitions on Employment-Related Discrimination	235	(2)
Establishing Liability for Discrimination	237	(8)
Vicarious Liability	237	(2)
Liability for Agents	239	(1)
The Employer's Defence	240	(2)
The Harasser's Personal Liability	242	(2)
Direct Liability	244	(1)
Education	245	(7)
The SDA, RRA and DDA: Application to Schools and Other Educational Bodies	246	(2)
Exceptions	248	(1)
Education Authorities	249	(1)
The SO Regs and RB Regs	250	(1)
Positive Obligations Imposed by the RRA, SDA and DDA	251	(1)
Discrimination in Housing/Premises	252	(3)
Discrimination in Planning	255	(1)
Discrimination in the Provision of Goods, Facilities and Services	255	(7)
Exceptions to the Prohibition on Discrimination in the Provision of Goods and Services	262	(23)
`Private Associations'	262	(3)
Insurance	265	(6)
Public Bodies	271	(12)
Miscellaneous Other Exceptions	283	(2)
Discrimination by Public Authorities	285	(8)
Enforcement	293	(115)
Introduction	293	(5)
Enforcement of EU Legislation	298	(4)
Individual Enforcement	302	(24)
Burden of Proof	304	(14)
The Questionnaire Procedure	318	(2)
Statistical Evidence	320	(6)
Time Limits	326	(12)
Individual Remedies	338	(19)
The SDA, RRA, DDA, FETO and Regs	338	(18)
The Equal Pay Act	356	(1)
`Collective' Enforcement	357	(29)
Formal Investigations	360	(17)
Preventing Further Discrimination	377	(5)
The Commissions as Litigants	382	(4)
Contract Compliance	386	(22)
The Use of Contract Compliance	386	(5)
Contract Compliance and EU Law	391	(8)
Compulsory Competitive Tendering and Best Value	399	(9)
Sex	408	(107)
Introduction	408	(12)
The Equal Pay Act and Article 141	420	(26)
`Like Work'	426	(3)
Work Related as Equivalent	429	(1)
Work of Equal Value	430	(16)
The Employer's Defence	446	(25)
Introduction	446	(3)
The GMF and Indirect Discrimination	449	(9)
Explaining Part of the Pay Gap	458	(2)
`Material Factors' and the GMF Defence	460	(11)
Coverage of the SDA and Exceptions Thereto	471	(10)
Exceptions and the Equal Treatment Directive	471	(3)
Genuine Occupational Qualifications	474	(7)
Clothing and Appearance Rules	481	(6)
Pregnancy	487	(15)
Pregnancy and Equality	487	(2)
Pregnancy and Maternity Rights	489	(2)
Pregnancy and Sex Discrimination	491	(7)
Shortcomings of the Current Approach	498	(4)
Combining Work and Family Life	502	(13)
Introduction	502	(2)
The Part-time Workers Regulations	504	(1)
Parental Leave, etc	505	(4)
Flexible Working	509	(6)
Race	515	(43)
Introduction	515	(12)
Race Discrimination and EU Law	527	(5)
Coverage of the RRA	532	(2)
`Racial Grounds', `Racial Group'	534	(14)
Genuine Occupational Qualifications and Other Exceptions	548	(10)
Miscellaneous Exceptions	548	(1)
Asylum and Immigration	549	(4)
The GOQ Defence	553	(3)
The GOR Defence	556	(2)
Disability	558	(72)
Introduction	558	(6)
History and Development of the DDA	564	(2)
`Disability'	566	(15)
Social and Medical Models of Disability	566	(3)
Approaching the Disability Question	569	(5)
Functional Impairment	574	(5)
Long-term Effects	579	(1)
The Effect of Medical Treatment	580	(1)
Direct Discrimination	581	(1)
Disability-Related Discrimination	582	(7)
Duty to Make Adjustments	589	(24)
The Duty to Adjust: Employment	593	(4)
`Reasonable' Adjustments	597	(4)
Duties to Adjust Outside the Employment Sphere	601	(12)
Justification	613	(17)
Employment	613	(9)
Justification Outside the Employment Context	622	(8)
Religion and Belief	630	(74)
Introduction	630	(3)
`Race' and `Religion'	633	(10)
The Religion or Belief Regulations	643	(25)
`Religion or Belief'	645	(8)
Accommodating Difference	653	(8)
The Genuine Occupational Requirement Defences	661	(7)
FETO	668	(19)
Introduction	668	(7)
FETO and the Employment Equality Directive	675	(1)
Exceptions to the Prohibition on Discrimination	676	(7)
Investigation of Practices, Monitoring and Review Obligations	683	(2)
Contract Compliance	685	(2)
The European Convention on Human Rights	687	(17)
The Convention Provisions	687	(1)
The European Court's Approach	688	(10)
Impact of the HRA	698	(6)
Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation	704	(45)
Introduction	704	(7)
Discrimination on Grounds of Gender Reassignment: The SDA	711	(8)
Gender Identity and Recognition Rights	719	(4)
Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation: (I) The So Regulations	723	(13)
Introduction	723	(2)
`Benefits Attendant on Marriage'	725	(2)
Genuine Occupational Requirements	727	(9)
Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation: (II) The SDA and the HRA	736	(13)
Index	749