Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water Occurence, Formation, Health Effects and Control

by Karanfil, Tanju; Krasner, Stuart W; Westerhoff, Paul; Xie, Yuefeng

• ISBN13: 9780841269507
• ISBN10: 0841269505
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-08-05
• Publisher: American Chemical Society

Summary

Since their discovery, disinfection by-products (DBPs) have become one of the major driving forces in drinking water regulations, research and water utility operations throughout the world. The list of DBPs that can occur in treated drinking waters has grown from a few trihalomethanes to along list of halogenated and non-halogenated organic or inorganic compounds. This list is expected to continue to grow as the analytical techniques are improved, as more information on their toxicity is developed, and as more occurrence studies are conducted. This book documents the latest DBPresearch findings, including emerging issues and state-of-the-art studies. Specifically, papers on the occurrence, formation, control, and health effects of emerging (unregulated) halogenated (e.g., brominated) and nonhalogenated (e.g., nitrosamines) DBPs (e.g., emerging nitrogenous vs. regulatedcarbonaceous DBPs) are presented. In addition to the characterization and reactivity of natural organic matter to form DBPs, new studies on algal organic matter and treated wastewater as sources of DBPs and their precursors are discussed.

Author Biography

Tanju Karanfil, Paul Westerhoff and Yuefeng Xie are professors at Clemson, Arizona State and The Pennsylvania State Universities, respectively. Stuart Krasner is a principal environmental specialist with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

Table of Contents

Recent Advances in Disinfection By-product Formation, Occurrence, Control, Health Effects, and Regulations	p. 2
The Evolution of Disinfection By-Products Regulations: Past, Present, and Future	p. 22
Comparative Mammalian Cell Toxicity of Nitrogen-Containing Disinfection By-Products and Carbonaceous Disinfection By-Products	p. 36
Use of Chemical Models and Structure-Activity Relationships to Identify Novel Disinfection By-Products of Potential Toxicological Concern	p. 51
Contribution of Organic Bromines to the Genotoxicity of Chlorinated Water: A Combination of Chromosomal Aberration Test and Total Organic Bromine Analysis	p. 65
Disinfection By-Product Precursor Content of Natural Organic Matter Extracts	p. 80
Parameters Affecting Haloacetic Acid and Trihalomethane Concentrations in Treated United Kingdom Drinking Waters	p. 95
Relationship between Brominated Trihalometbanes, Haloacetic Acids, and Total Organic Bromine during Drinking Water Chlorination	p. 108
Haloacetic Acids Formation and Speciation during Chloramination	p. 123
Prechlorination Induced Dissolved Organic Carbon and Disinfection By-Products Formation from Microcystis aeruginosa in Treatment Processes	p. 140
Spectroscopic Studies of the Roles of Distinct Chromopbores in Natural Organic Matter Chlorination and Disinfection By-Products Formation	p. 158
Formation of Volatile Disinfection By-Products from Chlorination of Organic-N Precursors in Recreational Water	p. 172
Reactivity of Bromine-Substituted Haloamines in Forming Haloacetic Acids	p. 182
Comparison of the Performance of Spectroscopic Indices Developed to Quantify the Halogenation of Natural Organic Matter at Varying Chlorine Concentrations, Reaction Times, and Temperatures	p. 198
Combined Treatments for Enhanced Reduction of Trihalomethane Precursors	p. 214
Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors Using the MIEX Dissolved Organic Carbon Process in Combination with Granular Activated Carbon	p. 227
Natural Dissolved Organic Matter Removal and Subsequent Disinfection By-Product Formation: A Comparison of Ion Exchange and Activated Carbon	p. 242
Fate and Transport of Wastewater-Derived Disinfection By-Products in Surface Waters	p. 257
Organic Nitrogen Occurrence and Characterization	p. 274
Analysis of N-Nitrosamines Formed in Various Source Waters Treated with Eleven Disinfection Processes	p. 289
Formation of Nitrosamines in Effluent-Impacted Drinking Waters	p. 304
Free Radical Chemistry of Advanced Oxidation Process Removal of Nitrosatnines in Water	p. 319
Degradation of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products in Water Distribution Systems	p. 334
Author Index	p. 351
Subject Index	p. 353
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