Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation

by Luyben, William L.

• ISBN13: 9780471778882
• ISBN10: 0471778885
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-21
• Publisher: Wiley-AIChE

Summary

A timely treatment of distillationcombining steady-state designand dynamic controllability As the world continues to seek new sources of energy, the distillation process remains one of the most important separation methods in the chemical, petroleum, and energy industries. And as new renewable sources of energy and chemical feedstocks become more universally utilized, the issues of distillation design and control will remain vital to a future sustainable lifestyle. Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation introduces the current status and future implications of this vital technology from the dual perspectives of steady-state design and dynamics. Where traditional design texts have focused mainly on the steady-state economic aspects of distillation design, William Luyben also addresses such issues as dynamic performance in the face of disturbances. Utilizing the commercial simulators Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics, the text guides future and practicing chemical engineers first in the development of optimal steady-state designs of distillation systems, and then in the development of effective control structures. Unique features of the text include: * In-depth coverage of the dynamics of column design to help develop effective control structures for distillation columns * Development of rigorous simulations of single distillation columns and sequences of columns * Coverage of design and control of petroleum fractionators Encompassing nearly four decades of research and practical developments in this dynamic field, the text represents an important reference for both students and experienced engineers faced with distillation problems.

Author Biography

WILLIAM L. LUYBEN, PhD, is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Lehigh University. In addition to thirty-eight years of teaching, Dr. Luyben spent nine years as an engineer with Exxon and DuPont. Over the years, he has written eight books and more than 200 papers. He was the 2004 recipient of the Computing Practice Award from the CAST Division of the AIChE and was elected in 2005 to the Process Automation Hall of Fame.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Fundamentals of Vapor--Liquid Phase Equilibrium (VLE)	1	(26)
Vapor Pressure	1	(2)
Binary VLE Phase Diagrams	3	(4)
Physical Property Methods	7	(1)
Relative Volatility	7	(2)
Bubblepoint Calculations	9	(1)
Ternary Diagrams	10	(2)
VLE Nonideality	12	(6)
Residue Curves for Ternary Systems	18	(8)
Conclusion	26	(1)
Analysis of Distillation Columns	27	(18)
Design Degrees of Freedom	27	(1)
Binary McCabe--Thiele Method	28	(10)
Approximate Multicomponent Methods	38	(3)
Analysis of Ternary Systems Using Distil	41	(3)
Conclusion	44	(1)
Setting Up a Steady-State Simulation	45	(40)
Configuring a New Simulation	45	(8)
Specifying Chemical Components and Physical Properties	53	(5)
Specifying Stream Properties	58	(2)
Specifying Equipment Parameters	60	(4)
Running the Simulation	64	(2)
Using ``Design Spec/Vary'' Function	66	(14)
Finding the Optimum Feed Tray and Minimum Conditions	80	(1)
Column Sizing	81	(3)
Conclusion	84	(1)
Distillation Economic Optimization	85	(13)
Heuristic Optimization	85	(2)
Economic Basis	87	(2)
Results	89	(2)
Operating Optimization	91	(6)
Conclusion	97	(1)
More Complex Distillation Systems	98	(32)
Methyl Acetate/Methanol/Water System	98	(14)
Ethanol Dehydration	112	(10)
Heat-Integrated Columns	122	(7)
Conclusion	129	(1)
Steady-State Calculations for Control Structure Selection	130	(21)
Summary of Methods	131	(2)
Binary Propane/Isobutane System	133	(4)
Ternary BTX System	137	(4)
Multicomponent Hydrocarbon System	141	(4)
Ternary Azeotropic System	145	(5)
Conclusion	150	(1)
Converting From Steady State to Dynamic Simulation	151	(37)
Equipment Sizing	151	(2)
Exporting to Aspen Dynamics	153	(3)
Opening the Dynamic Simulation in Aspen Dynamics	156	(2)
Installing Basic Controllers	158	(8)
Installing Temperature and Composition Controllers	166	(13)
Performance Evaluation	179	(5)
Comparison with Economic Optimum Design	184	(3)
Conclusion	187	(1)
Control of More Complex Columns	188	(44)
Methyl Acetate Column	188	(2)
Columns with Partial Condensers	190	(19)
Control of Heat-Integrated Distillation Columns	209	(13)
Control of Azeotropic Columns/Decanter System	222	(9)
Conclusion	231	(1)
Reactive Distillation	232	(19)
Introduction	232	(2)
Types of Reactive Distillation Systems	234	(4)
TAME Process Basics	238	(3)
TAME Reaction Kinetics and VLE	241	(5)
Plantwide Control Structure	246	(4)
Conclusion	250	(1)
Control of Sidestream Columns	251	(40)
Liquid Sidestream Column	252	(5)
Vapor Sidestream Column	257	(7)
Liquid Sidestream Column with Stripper	264	(7)
Vapor Sidestream Column with Rectifier	271	(10)
Sidestream Purge Column	281	(9)
Conclusion	290	(1)
Control of Petroleum Fractionators	291	(52)
Petroleum Fractions	292	(4)
Characterization of Crude Oil	296	(8)
Steady-State Design of Preflash Column	304	(7)
Control of Preflash Column	311	(5)
Steady-State Design of Pipestill	316	(17)
Control of Pipestill	333	(9)
Conclusion	342	(1)
Index	343