Drug Delivery Engineering Principles for Drug Therapy

by Saltzman, W. Mark

• ISBN13: 9780195085891
• ISBN10: 0195085892
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-03-15
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Synthetic materials are a tremendous potential resource for treating human disease. For the rational design of many of these biomaterials it is necessary to have an understanding of polymer chemistry and polymer physics. Equally important to those two fields is a quantitative understanding ofthe principles that govern rates of drug transport, reaction, and disappearance in physiological and pathological situations. This book is a synthesis of these principles, providing a working foundation for those in the field of drug delivery. It covers advanced drug delivery and contemporarybiomaterials.

Author Biography

W. Mark Saltzman is a Professor in the School of Chemical Engineering at Cornell University.

Table of Contents

Part I Introductory material
Introduction	3	(6)
Historical perspective	3	(2)
The aim and structure of this book	5	(4)
Drug administration and drug effectiveness	9	(14)
The state of the art	10	(5)
Two views of the future	15	(8)
Summary	18	(5)
Part II Fundamentals
Diffusion and drug dispersion	23	(27)
Random walks	23	(6)
Equations for the diffusive flux (Fick's law)	29	(1)
Equations of mass conservation (Fick's second law)	30	(3)
Solutions to the diffusion equation with no solute elimination or generation	33	(7)
Solutions to the diffusion equation with solute binding and elimination	40	(3)
A few applications	43	(7)
Summary	48	(2)
Diffusion in biological systems	50	(63)
Measurement of diffusion coefficients	50	(5)
Diffusion in water	55	(10)
Diffusion in polymer solutions and gels	65	(11)
Diffusion in the extracellular space	76	(14)
Diffusion with binding in tissues	90	(4)
Diffusion within cells	94	(6)
Diffusion and reaction	100	(13)
Summary	105	(8)
Drug permeation through biological barriers	113	(46)
Mobility of lipids and proteins in the membrane	113	(3)
Permeation through lipid membranes	116	(3)
Permeation through porous membranes	119	(6)
Permeation is enhanced by membrane proteins	125	(17)
Permeation through cells layers	142	(17)
Summary	155	(4)
Drug transport by fluid motion	159	(16)
Blood movement in the circulatory system	160	(5)
Interstitial fluid movement	165	(5)
Fluid movement in the lymphatic circulation	170	(1)
Fluid movement in the brain	171	(4)
Summary	173	(2)
Pharmacokinetics of drug distribution	175	(24)
Compartmental models	176	(7)
Physiological models	183	(5)
Patterns of mixing in tissues and organs	188	(5)
The problem of scale	193	(6)
Summary	195	(4)
Part III Drug delivery systems
Drug modification	199	(36)
Enhancing agent solubility	200	(5)
Enhancing agent stability	205	(11)
Regulating agent permeability	216	(8)
Drug targeting and drug valency	224	(11)
Summary	229	(6)
Controlled drug delivery systems	235	(46)
Reservoir and transdermal delivery systems	236	(9)
Matrix delivery systems	245	(14)
Hydrogel delivery systems	259	(4)
Degradable delivery systems	263	(8)
Particulate delivery systems	271	(2)
Responsive delivery systems	273	(8)
Summary	275	(6)
Case studies in drug delivery	281	(35)
Controlled delivery of systemic therapy	281	(8)
Implants for local drug delivery	289	(15)
Topically applied devices for controlled release	304	(12)
Postscript	316	(53)
Appendix A Overview of polymeric biomaterials
A.1 Non-degradable polymers	320	(14)
A.1.1 Silicone elastomers	320	(3)
A.1.2 Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)]	323	(2)
A.1.3 Polyurethanes	325	(4)
A.1.4 Other important polymers	329	(5)
A.2 Biodegradable polymers	334	(12)
A.2.1 Polyesters	334	(4)
A.2.2 Copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride	338	(1)
A.2.3 Poly(ortho esters)	339	(1)
A.2.4 Polyanhydrides	340	(1)
A.2.5 Poly(amino acids)	341	(1)
A.2.6 Phosphorus-containing polymers	342	(1)
A.2.7 Polycarbonates and poly(iminocarbonates)	342	(1)
A.2.8 Polydioxanone	343	(3)
A.3 Water-soluble polymers	346	(6)
A.3.1 Naturally occurring polymers	346	(2)
A.3.2 Acrylates and acrylamides	348	(1)
A.3.3 Poly(ethylene glycol)	349	(3)
Appendix B Useful data and nomenclature
B.1 Physiological parameters	352	(1)
B.2 Cardiovascular system	353	(3)
B.3 Clinical chemistry	356	(2)
B.4 Permeation and diffusion	358	(3)
B.5 Protein properties	361	(3)
B.6 Mathematical tables and functions	364	(1)
B.7 Nomenclature	365	(4)
Index	369