Dumb Beasts and Dead Philosophers Humanity and the Humane in Ancient Philosophy and Literature

by Osborne, Catherine

• ISBN13: 9780199282067
• ISBN10: 0199282064
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-03-29
• Publisher: Clarendon Press

Summary

Animal rights do not feature explicitly in ancient thought. Indeed the notion of natural rights in general is not obviously present in the classical world. Plato and Aristotle are typically read as racist and elitist thinkers who barely recognise the humanity of their fellow humans. Surely they would be the last to show up as models of the humane view of other kinds? In this unusual philosophy book, Catherine Osborne asks the reader to think again. She shows that Plato's views on reincarnation and Aristotle's views on the souls of plants and animals reveal a continuous thread of life in which humans are not morally superior to beasts; Greek tragedy turns up thoughts that mirror the claims of rights activists when they speak for the voiceless; the Desert Fathers teach us to admire the natural perceptiveness of animals rather than the corrupt ways of urban man; the long tradition of arguments for vegetarianism in antiquity highlights how mankind's abuse of other animals is the more offensive the more it is for indulgent ends. What, then, is the humane attitude, and why is it better? How does the humane differ from the sentimental? Is there a truth about how we should treat animals? By reflecting on the work of the ancient poets and philosophers, Osborne argues, we can see when and how we lost touch with the natural intelligence of dumb animals.

Author Biography

Catherine Osborne is Reader in Philosophy at the University of East Anglia.

Table of Contents

Constructing Divisions

Introduction: on William Blake, nature and mortality

On nature and providence: readings in Herodotus, Protagoras and Democritus

Perceiving Continuities

On the transmigration of souls: reincarnation into animal bodies in Pythagoras, Empedocles and Plato

On language, concepts and automata: rational and irrational animals in Aristotle and Descartes

On the disadvantages of being a complex organism: Aristotle and the scala naturae

Being Realistic

On the vice of sentimentality: Androcles and the Lion and some extraordinary adventures in the Desert Fathers

On the notion of natural rights: defending the voiceless and oppressed in the Tragedies of Sophocles

On self-defence and utilitarian calculations: Democritus of Abdera and Hermarchus of Mytilene

On eating animals: Porphyry's dietary rules for philosophers

Conclusion

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.