Earth Science

by Marshall, Robert H.; Rosskopf, Allen B.

• ISBN13: 9780785436355
• ISBN10: 0785436359
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-09-01
• Publisher: SCHOLG

Table of Contents

How to Use This Book: A Study Guide	xii
The Nature of Science	xviii
Chapter 1 Studying the Earth	1	(23)
Lesson 1 Earth Science	2	(5)
Achievements in Science: Celebrating Earth Day	6	(1)
Lesson 2 Understanding Maps	7	(8)
Science at Work: Cartographer	12	(1)
Investigation 1-1: Making a Map	13	(2)
Lesson 3 Topographic Maps	15	(9)
Science in Your Life: Mapping a Park	18	(1)
Investigation 1-2: Reading a Topographic Map	19	(2)
Chapter Summary	21	(1)
Chapter Review	22	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	23	(1)
Chapter 2 Describing the Earth	24	(30)
Lesson 1 The Earth's Features	26	(5)
Achievements in Science: A Trip Around the World	30	(1)
Lesson 2 The Earth's Rotation and Time	31	(7)
Science in Your Life: Time Zones	35	(1)
Investigation 2-1: Modeling the Earth's Rotation	36	(2)
Lesson 3 A Grid System on a Map	38	(4)
Achievements in Science: Global Positioning Systems	39	(1)
Investigation 2-2: Describing Location on a Round Surface	40	(2)
Lesson 4 Latitude	42	(4)
Science at Work: Air-Traffic Controller	45	(1)
Lesson 5 Longitude	46	(2)
Lesson 6 A Grid System on a Globe	48	(6)
Chapter Summary	51	(1)
Chapter Review	52	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	53	(1)
Chapter 3 The Earth and Moon	54	(22)
Lesson 1 The Effect of Gravity	56	(4)
Achievements in Science: Almanacs	57	(1)
Investigation 3-1: Making a Model of an Orbit	58	(2)
Lesson 2 The Earth's Movement in Space	60	(5)
Science at Work: Space Shuttle and International Space Station Crews	62	(1)
Investigation 3-2: Exploring Light Angle	63	(2)
Lesson 3 The Moon's Movement in Space	65	(5)
Science in Your Life: Natural and Artificial Satellites	69	(1)
Lesson 4 The Moon's Surface	70	(6)
Chapter Summary	73	(1)
Chapter Review	74	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	75	(1)
Chapter 4 The Solar System	76	(30)
Lesson 1 The Solar System	78	(8)
Science in Your Life: A Solar House	83	(1)
Investigation 4-1: Observing Sunspots	84	(2)
Lesson 2 The Inner Planets	86	(6)
Achievements in Science: The Struggle to Accept the Solar System	91	(1)
Lesson 3 The Outer Planets	92	(8)
Science at Work: Astronomer	97	(1)
Investigation 4-2: Modeling Distances in the Solar System	98	(2)
Lesson 4 Other Objects in the Solar System	100	(6)
Chapter Summary	103	(1)
Chapter Review	104	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	105	(1)
Chapter 5 Stars and Galaxies	106	(24)
Lesson 1 Stars	108	(6)
Science at Work: Telescope Technician	111	(1)
Investigation 5-1: Observing Brightness	112	(2)
Lesson 2 Distances to Stars	114	(3)
Lesson 3 The Life of a Star	117	(4)
Achievements in Science: Black Holes	120	(1)
Lesson 4 Groups of Stars	121	(9)
Science in Your Life: Light Pollution	124	(1)
Investigation 5-2: Making a Constellation Model	125	(2)
Chapter Summary	127	(1)
Chapter Review	128	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	129	(1)
Chapter 6 Earth Chemistry	130	(22)
Lesson 1 Matter	132	(5)
Science in Your Life: Lasting Plastic	134	(1)
Investigation 6-1: Measuring Physical Properties of Objects	135	(2)
Lesson 2 The Smallest Parts of Matter	137	(4)
Achievements in Science: Creating New Elements	140	(1)
Lesson 3 Compounds and Mixtures	141	(8)
Science at Work: Chemical Engineer	146	(1)
Investigation 6-2: Separating a Mixture	147	(2)
Chapter Summary	149	(1)
Chapter Review	150	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	151	(1)
Chapter 7 Minerals	152	(24)
Lesson 1 Minerals	154	(3)
Achievements in Science: Working with Metals	156	(1)
Lesson 2 Properties Used to Identify Minerals	157	(7)
Investigation 7-1: Observing Color, Streak, and Hardness	162	(2)
Lesson 3 Other Physical Properties of Minerals	164	(6)
Science at Work: Jeweler	167	(1)
Investigation 7-2: Finding Specific Gravity	168	(2)
Lesson 4 Common Uses of Minerals	170	(6)
Science in Your Life: Recycling Aluminum	172	(1)
Chapter Summary	173	(1)
Chapter Review	174	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	175	(1)
Chapter 8 Rocks	176	(26)
Lesson 1 Rocks and Rock Types	178	(3)
Science at Work: Stonemason	180	(1)
Lesson 2 Igneous Rocks	181	(4)
Achievements in Science: Field Guides for Rocks and Minerals	184	(1)
Lesson 3 Sedimentary Rocks	185	(7)
Science in Your Life: The Good and Bad of Coal	189	(1)
Investigation 8-1: Making Calcite	190	(2)
Lesson 4 Metamorphic Rocks	192	(2)
Lesson 5 The Rock Cycle	194	(5)
Achievements in Science: The Rock Cycle Theory	196	(1)
Investigation 8-2: Identifying Rocks	197	(2)
Chapter Summary	199	(1)
Chapter Review	200	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	201	(1)
Chapter 9 The Earth's Atmosphere	202	(26)
Lesson 1 Gases in the Atmosphere	204	(4)
Science in Your Life: Ozone: Protector and Pollutant	207	(1)
Lesson 2 Layers of the Atmosphere	208	(3)
Achievements in Science: Balloon Pilots	210	(1)
Lesson 3 Clouds	211	(5)
Science at Work: Environmental Science Technician	214	(1)
Investigation 9-1: Observing Clouds	215	(1)
Lesson 4 Precipitation	216	(5)
Achievements in Science: Cloud Seeding	218	(1)
Investigation 9-2: Making a Model of Rain	219	(2)
Lesson 5 Wind Patterns	221	(4)
Chapter Summary	225	(1)
Chapter Review	226	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	227	(1)
Chapter 10 Weather and Climate	228	(26)
Lesson 1 Weather Conditions and Measurements	230	(8)
Science at Work: Atmospheric Scientist	235	(1)
Investigation 10-1: Measuring Air Pressure	236	(2)
Lesson 2 Weather Patterns and Predictions	238	(6)
Achievements in Science: Doppler Radar	241	(1)
Investigation 10-2: Using a Weather Map	242	(2)
Lesson 3 Storms	244	(3)
Lesson 4 World Climates	247	(4)
Science in Your Life: Your Climate Zone	250	(1)
Chapter Summary	251	(1)
Chapter Review	252	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	253	(1)
Chapter 11 The Earth's Water	254	(24)
Lesson 1 The Water Cycle	256	(3)
Science in Your Life: Your Water Budget	258	(1)
Lesson 2 Sources of Fresh Water	259	(8)
Science at Work: Hydroelectric Power Plant Operator	264	(1)
Investigation 11-1: Exploring Evaporation	265	(2)
Lesson 3 Oceans	267	(8)
Achievements in Science: Protecting the Environment	272	(1)
Investigation 11-2: Measuring the Effect of Salt Water on Floating	273	(2)
Chapter Summary	275	(1)
Chapter Review	276	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	277	(1)
Chapter 12 Weathering and Erosion	278	(28)
Lesson 1 Weathering	280	(6)
Investigation 12-1: Observing Chemical Weathering	284	(2)
Lesson 2 Erosion Caused by Water	286	(8)
Science in Your Life: Erosion Caused by People	291	(1)
Investigation 12-2: Comparing Erosion	292	(2)
Lesson 3 Erosion Caused by Glaciers	294	(6)
Achievements in Science: Artificial Glaciers	299	(1)
Lesson 4 Erosion Caused by Wind and Gravity	300	(3)
Science at Work: Floodplain Manager	302	(1)
Chapter Summary	303	(1)
Chapter Review	304	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	305	(1)
Chapter 13 Forces in the Earth	306	(26)
Lesson 1 Movement of the Earth's Crust	308	(5)
Achievements in Science: The Theory of Sea-Floor Spreading	312	(1)
Lesson 2 Volcanoes	313	(4)
Science in Your Life: Living on a Tectonic Plate	316	(1)
Lesson 3 Mountains	317	(5)
Investigation 13-1: Making Models of Folding and Faults	320	(2)
Lesson 4 Earthquakes	322	(7)
Science at Work: Seismologist	326	(1)
Investigation 13-2: Locating an Earthquake	327	(2)
Chapter Summary	329	(1)
Chapter Review	330	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	331	(1)
Chapter 14 A Record of the Earth's History	332	(24)
Lesson 1 The Rock Record	334	(6)
Achievements in Science: Uncovering the History of Life	337	(1)
Investigation 14-1: Making a Model of a Fossil	338	(2)
Lesson 2 The Ages of Rocks and Fossils	340	(7)
Science at Work: Petroleum Engineer	344	(1)
Investigation 14-2: Making a Half Life Model	345	(2)
Lesson 3 Eras in the Geologic Time Scale	347	(6)
Science in Your Life: Cutting Down on Fossil Fuels	352	(1)
Chapter Summary	353	(1)
Chapter Review	354	(1)
Test-Taking Tip	355	(1)
Appendix A: Metric and Customary Measurement	356	(2)
Appendix B: Alternative Energy Sources	358	(6)
Appendix C: The Solar System	364	(2)
Appendix D: Space Exploration	366	(2)
Appendix E: Constellations	368	(4)
Appendix F: The Periodic Table of Elements	372	(2)
Appendix G: World Map	374	(2)
Appendix H: North America Map	376	(9)
Index	385	(10)
Photo Credits	395