Earth's Deep Interior Mineral Physics and Tomography From the Atomic to the Global Scale

by Karato, Shun-Ichiro; Forte, Alessandro; Liebermann, Robert; Masters, Guy; Stixrude, Lars

• ISBN13: 9780875909752
• ISBN10: 0875909752
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-10
• Publisher: American Geophysical Union

Summary

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 117.

Earth is a dynamically evolving planet with large-scale flow and chemical differentiation occurring throughout history. These processes include not only mantle convection and related phenomena but also core processes that have an important influence on the generation of the magnetic field. Deep processes in Earth, however, have long been matters for speculation without many observational constraints. Fortunately, during the last 10 years or so this situation has changed dramatically. Enhancements in the capacity of high resolution seismology to probe the fine structures of Earth's deep interior (via seismic tomography, for example) and technical advances in mineral and rock physics, which have provided new and improved data bases for interpreting seismological observations, are essential developments.

Author Biography

Shun-ichiro Karato is an Earth scientist who conducts interdisciplinary studies encompassing mineral physics and geodynamics. He received his degrees from the University of Tokyo, and held faculty positions at the Universities of Tokyo and Minnesota, before moving to Yale University in 2001. He has received several awards, including the Japan Academy Award, the Vening Meinesz Medal and Birch Lectureship, and has authored some 200 publications, including 7 books.

Table of Contents

Preface
Shun-ichiro Karato, Lars Stixrude, Robert C. Liebermann, Guy Masters, and Alessandro Forte vii

Introduction: Probing Earth's Deep Interior
Shun-ichiro Karato, Alessandro Forte, Robert C. Liebermann, Guy Masters, and Lars Stixrude 1

Geodynamics
Seismic-Geodynamic Constraints on Mantle Flow: Implications for Layered Convection,
Mantle Viscosity, and Seismic Anisotropy in the Deep Mantle
Alessandro M. Forte 3

Dynamics of the Earth's Core
Bruce A. Buffett 37

Seismic Tomography
The Relative Behavior of Shear Velocity, Bulk Sound Speed, and Compressional Velocity in the Mantle:
Implications for Chemical and Thermal Structure
Guy Masters, Gabi Laske, Harold Bolton, and Adam Dziewonski 63

Inner Core Anisotropy and Rotation
Kenneth C. Creager 89

Upper Mantle Seismic Discontinuities
Peter M. Shearer 115

Seismic Anisotropy in the Boundary Layers of the Mantle
J-M. Kendall 133

Seismological Constraints on Attenuation in the Earth: A Review
Barbara Romanowicz and Joseph J. Durek 161

Mineral Physics (Anharmonicity, Anelasticity, Anisotropy)
Elasticity of Mantle Minerals (Experimental Studies)
Robert C. Liebermann 181

Elasticity of Mantle Phases at High Pressure and Temperature
Lars Stixrude 201

Phase Transformations: Implications for Mantle Structure
Donald J. Weidner and Yanbin Wang 215

The Seismic Anisotropy of the Earth's Mantle: From Single Crystal to Poly crystal
D. Mainprice, G. Barruol, and W. Ben Ismail 237

Laboratory Measurement of Seismic Wave Dispersion and Attenuation: Recent Progress
Ian Jackson 265