East, West, North, South Major Developments in International Politics 1945-1990

by Lundestad, Geir; Kvam, Gail Adams

• ISBN13: 9788200213192
• ISBN10: 8200213196
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1992-04-23
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book offers a thorough, balanced, and insightful account of how Soviet-American antagonism developed, evolved, and still affects contemporary international relations. The author gives equal attention to divisions between the "developed" and "non-developed" worlds, a conflict that, at first, only sporadically intersected Soviet-American relations, and whose linkage to them is not always clear today. Topics covered include deterrence, economic development, arms control, and the projection of superpower influence in the world at large.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. 9
Preface First Edition	p. 11
Preface Second Edition	p. 15
The World in 1945-1950 and in 1985-1990: A Comparison and Major Trends	p. 17
1945-1950	p. 17
1985-1990	p. 22
The Cold War in Europe, 1945-1986	p. 32
Three Main Theories About the Cold War	p. 32
Some Structural Explanations for the Cold War	p. 34
Who Acted Where?	p. 38
US Policy	p. 38
Soviet Policy	p. 46
The Problem of Germany	p. 53
Motivating Forces Behind US and Soviet Policies	p. 58
The United States	p. 58
The Soviet Union	p. 62
The Cold War Becomes Global, 1945-1962	p. 65
The United States, the Soviet Union, and Asia, 1945-1950	p. 65
The Civil War in China	p. 65
Other Countries in Asia	p. 70
Signs of Re-evaluation in the Superpowers' Asian Policies	p. 73
The Korean War	p. 76
Changes in US Policy in Asia	p. 81
The Soviet Union Tries to Play a Global Role	p. 88
A New Policy in Asia and the Middle East	p. 89
A New Policy in Africa	p. 93
The Cold War Reaches Latin America	p. 95
The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Third World: A Comparison	p. 98
Detente Between East and West, 1962-1975	p. 101
Signs of Detente During the 1950s	p. 101
The Policy of Detente, 1962-1975	p. 104
Agreements and Contact between East and West	p. 105
Reasons for Detente	p. 108
Detente and Geographic Expansion of the East-West Conflict	p. 115
Respect for Each Other's Vital Regions	p. 115
The Grey Zones between East and West	p. 117
The Middle East, 1967-1975	p. 118
The Vietnam War	p. 121
Renewed Tension Between East and West, 1975-1990	p. 128
The Soviet Union: A New Globalism	p. 129
The United States: Reaction to Detente	p. 136
The End of the Cold War, 1984-1990	p. 146
The Arms Race, 1945-1990	p. 154
Perspective and Motivating Forces	p. 154
Hiroshima, Atomic Weapons and Conventional Forces, 1945-1949	p. 155
The US Turnabout, 1949-1953	p. 159
New Directions in US and Soviet Defense Policies	p. 161
The 'New Look'	p. 161
The 'New Look' in the Soviet Union	p. 165
The Smaller Nuclear Nations	p. 167
Kennedy, McNamara and Flexible Response	p. 170
The Soviet Build-Up	p. 174
The US Reaction	p. 179
The First Phase: Prior to 1973-74	p. 179
The Second Phase: The Years up to 1984	p. 180
Cooperation and Disarmament	p. 185
Developments Within the Western Bloc, 1945-1990	p. 187
Expansion by Invitation, 1945-1950	p. 187
European Integration, 1945-1973	p. 191
Explanations for the US Stance	p. 196
US-European Relations, 1950-1973	p. 198
Cooperation prior to 1962	p. 198
Political and Military Controversy, 1962-1973	p. 201
Economic Relations, 1962-1973	p. 205
The United States and Western Europe After 1973: Tensions Increase	p. 207
Expansion and Integration of the EC	p. 207
From the Year of Europe to George Bush	p. 210
Underlying Attitudes and Explanations for the Controversies	p. 213
The Reunification of Germany	p. 216
The United States and Japan, 1945-1990	p. 218
1945-1960: Occupation and US Dominance	p. 218
1960-1990: Economic Strength and Greater Political Independence	p. 220
The Soviet Union and the Communist Countries, 1945-1990	p. 225
Expansion and Conformism, 1945-1953	p. 225
The Reins Are Loosened (1953-1956) and Tightened (1956-1958)	p. 229
The Revolts in Poland and Hungary in 1956	p. 230
The Split Between the Soviet Union and China	p. 232
From Cooperation to Armed Struggle	p. 233
Explanations for the Split	p. 236
The Soviet-Chinese-US Triangle after 1972	p. 241
Soviet Relations With Eastern Europe After 1958-1985	p. 244
Czechoslovakia--1968	p. 249
Developments in Poland	p. 250
The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe	p. 252
The Soviet Union and the Communist Movement Elsewhere	p. 256
Decolonization	p. 260
Changes on the International Level	p. 260
The National Level: Changes Within the Colonial Powers	p. 263
British Policies	p. 263
French Policies	p. 268
Belgium and Portugal	p. 271
Why Different Attitudes?	p. 273
The Local Level: Independence Movements Grow Stronger	p. 275
The Three Stages	p. 276
Economic and Cultural Development	p. 277
The Influence of International Events	p. 279
The Non-Aligned Nations in World Politics	p. 281
Economic Relations Between North and South, 1945-1990	p. 285
Two Theories Concerning Development and Underdevelopment	p. 285
Aid and Trade, 1945-1990	p. 289
1945-1956	p. 289
1956-1964	p. 291
1964-1981	p. 292
1981-1990	p. 294
The Soviet Union and North-South Issues	p. 296
Some Comments on the Two Main Theories	p. 297
The North's Development--The South's Underdevelopment?	p. 298
The Multinational Corporations	p. 304
Raw Materials and Processed Goods	p. 306
The Question of Dependence	p. 307
Why Poverty?	p. 311
Bibliography	p. 316
Index	p. 323
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