ECGs Made Easy - Book & Pocket Guide Package

by Aehlert

• ISBN13: 9780323014328
• ISBN10: 0323014321
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-22
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

The new, updated second edition of ECGs MADE EASY continues to focus on the essential information needed to understand and interpret basic dysrhythmias. With plain language and straightforward explanations, this text targets the beginning ECG student. Packaged FREE with every text is ECGs Made Easy Pocket Reference , a quick reference handbook, color-coded to match the sections in the textbook. Major principles are restated for learning reinforcement, and key tables and ECGs from the text are included for easy reference. A handy heart rate calculator ruler and 12-lead ECG reference card are also included in the text.

Table of Contents

Anatomy and Physiology	1	(21)
Objectives	1	(1)
Location of the Heart	2	(1)
Size and Shape of the Heart	3	(1)
Heart Chambers	3	(1)
Atria	3	(1)
Ventricles	4	(1)
Layers of the Heart	4	(2)
Cardiac Muscle	6	(2)
Valves of the Heart	8	(2)
Atrioventricular Valves	8	(1)
Semilunar Valves	9	(1)
Heart Sounds	10	(1)
Blood Flow Through the Heart	11	(1)
Cardiac Cycle	11	(1)
Atrial Systole and Diastole	11	(1)
Ventricular Systole and Diastole	12	(1)
Coronary Circulation	12	(2)
Coronary Arteries	13	(1)
Coronary Veins	14	(1)
Heart Rate	14	(4)
Baroreceptors	15	(1)
Chemoreceptors	15	(1)
Parasympathetic Stimulation	15	(1)
Sympathetic Stimulation	16	(2)
The Heart as a Pump	18	(3)
Venous Return	18	(1)
Cardiac Output	18	(1)
Blood Pressure	19	(1)
Stroke Volume	19	(2)
Stop & Review	21	(1)
Basic Electrophysiology	22	(51)
Objectives	22	(1)
Types of Cardiac Cells	23	(1)
Cardiac Action Potential	23	(2)
Types of Action Potentials	24	(1)
Polarization, Depolarization, and Repolarization	25	(4)
Polarization	25	(1)
Depolarization	26	(1)
Repolarization	26	(1)
Phases of the Cardiac Action Potential	27	(2)
Refractory Periods	29	(1)
Absolute Refractory Period	29	(1)
Relative Refractory Period	29	(1)
Supernormal Period	29	(1)
Properties of Cardiac Cells	30	(1)
Conduction System	31	(6)
Sinoatrial Node	31	(1)
Atrioventricular Junction	32	(3)
Right and Left Bundle Branches	35	(1)
Purkinje Fibers	36	(1)
Causes of Dysrhythmias	37	(1)
Enhanced Automaticity	37	(1)
Reentry	37	(1)
Escape Beats or Rhythms	38	(1)
Conduction Disturbances	38	(1)
Electrocardiogram	38	(12)
Electrodes	38	(1)
Leads	39	(3)
Standard Limb Leads	42	(3)
Modified Chest Leads	45	(1)
Augmented Limb Leads	45	(2)
Precordial (Chest) Leads	47	(3)
ECG Paper	50	(1)
Waveforms	51	(11)
P Wave	51	(2)
PR Segment	53	(1)
PR Interval	53	(1)
QRS Complex	54	(3)
ST Segment	57	(2)
T Wave	59	(1)
QT Interval	60	(1)
U Wave	60	(2)
Artifact	62	(1)
Loose Electrodes	62	(1)
Patient Movement/Muscle Activity	62	(1)
60-Cycle (AC) Interference	62	(1)
Rate Measurement	63	(2)
Method 1: Six-Second Method	63	(1)
Method 2: Large Boxes	63	(1)
Method 3: Small Boxes	64	(1)
Method 4: Sequence Method	64	(1)
Rhythm/Regularity	65	(1)
Ventricular Rhythm	65	(1)
Atrial Rhythm	65	(1)
Terminology	66	(1)
Analyzing a Rhythm Strip	66	(4)
Assess the Rate	66	(1)
Assess Rhythm/Regularity	66	(1)
Identify and Examine P Waves	66	(1)
Assess Intervals (Evaluate Conduction)	66	(1)
Evaluate the Overall Appearance of the Rhythm	67	(1)
Interpret the Rhythm and Evaluate Its Clinical Significance	67	(3)
Stop & Review	70	(3)
Sinus Mechanisms	73	(16)
Objectives	73	(1)
Overview	74	(1)
Sinus Rhythm	74	(1)
ECG Criteria	74	(1)
Sinus Bradycardia	75	(1)
ECG Criteria	75	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	75	(1)
Intervention	76	(1)
Sinus Tachycardia	76	(1)
ECG Criteria	76	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	76	(1)
Intervention	77	(1)
Sinus Arrhythmia	77	(1)
ECG Criteria	77	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	78	(1)
Intervention	78	(1)
Sinoatrial (SA) Block	78	(1)
ECG Criteria	78	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	79	(1)
Intervention	79	(1)
Sinus Arrest	79	(4)
ECG Criteria	80	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	80	(1)
Intervention	80	(3)
Stop & Review	83	(6)
Atrial Rhythms	89	(27)
Objectives	89	(1)
Overview	90	(1)
Atrial Dysrhythmias: Mechanisms	90	(1)
Premature Atrial Complexes (PACs)	91	(3)
ECG Criteria	91	(3)
Causes and Clinical Significance	94	(1)
Intervention	94	(1)
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker	94	(1)
ECG Criteria	94	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	95	(1)
Intervention	95	(1)
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia	95	(1)
ECG Criteria	95	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	95	(1)
Intervention	96	(1)
Supraventricula Tachycardia (SVT)	96	(7)
Atrial Tachycardia	97	(1)
AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)	98	(3)
AV Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT)	101	(2)
Atrial Flutter	103	(2)
ECG Criteria	103	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	104	(1)
Intervention	104	(1)
Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)	105	(5)
ECG Criteria	105	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	106	(1)
Intervention	107	(3)
Stop & Review	110	(6)
Junctional Rhythms	116	(15)
Objectives	116	(1)
Overview	117	(1)
Premature Junctional Complexes (PJCs)	118	(1)
ECG Criteria	118	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	119	(1)
Intervention	119	(1)
Junctional Escape Beats/Rhythm	119	(2)
ECG Criteria	119	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	120	(1)
Intervention	120	(1)
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm	121	(1)
ECG Criteria	121	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	121	(1)
Intervention	121	(1)
Junctional Tachycardia	121	(4)
ECG Criteria	121	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	122	(1)
Intervention	122	(3)
Stop & Review	125	(6)
Ventricular Rhythms	131	(26)
Objectives	131	(1)
Overview	132	(1)
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs)	132	(4)
ECG Criteria	132	(1)
Types of PVCs	133	(2)
Causes and Clinical Significance	135	(1)
Intervention	136	(1)
Ventricular Escape Beats/Rhythm	136	(2)
ECG Criteria	136	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	137	(1)
Intervention	138	(1)
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR)	138	(1)
ECG Criteria	138	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	138	(1)
Intervention	139	(1)
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)	139	(1)
ECG Criteria	139	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	139	(1)
Intervention	140	(1)
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia	140	(4)
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)	141	(1)
Torsades de Pointes (TdP)	142	(2)
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)	144	(2)
ECG Criteria	144	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	144	(1)
Intervention	145	(1)
Asystole (Cardiac Standstill)	146	(1)
ECG Criteria	146	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	146	(1)
Intervention	146	(1)
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)	146	(5)
ECG Criteria	146	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	147	(1)
Intervention	147	(4)
Stop & Review	151	(6)
Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks	157	(15)
Objectives	157	(1)
Overview	158	(1)
First-Degree AV Block	159	(1)
ECG Criteria	159	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	160	(1)
Intervention	160	(1)
Second-Degree AV Blocks	160	(4)
Overview	160	(1)
Second-Degree AV Block, Type I (Wenckebach, Mobitz Type I)	160	(1)
Second-Degree AV Block, Type II (Mobitz Type II)	161	(2)
Second-Degree AV Block, 2:1 Conduction (2:1 AV Block)	163	(1)
Complete AV Block	164	(4)
ECG Criteria	164	(1)
Causes and Clinical Significance	165	(1)
Intervention	165	(3)
Stop & Review	168	(4)
Pacemaker Rhythms	172	(20)
Objectives	172	(1)
Pacemaker Terminology	173	(1)
Pacemaker Systems	174	(6)
Overview	174	(1)
Permanent Pacemakers	175	(1)
Temporary Pacemakers	175	(1)
Pacemaker Electrodes	176	(1)
Pacemaker Modes	176	(1)
Pacemaker Identification Codes	177	(1)
Single-Chamber Pacemakers	178	(1)
Dual-Chamber Pacemakers	179	(1)
Current Research	180	(1)
Transcutaneous Pacing (TCP)	180	(3)
Indications	180	(1)
Technique	180	(2)
Contraindications for TCP	182	(1)
Limitations of TCP	183	(1)
Pacemaker Malfunction	183	(2)
Failure to Pace	183	(1)
Failure to Capture	183	(1)
Failure to Sense (Undersensing)	184	(1)
Oversensing	184	(1)
Pacemaker Complications	185	(1)
Complications of Transcutaneous Pacing	185	(1)
Complications of Temporary Transvenous Pacing	185	(1)
Complications of Permanent Pacing	185	(1)
Analyzing Pacemaker Function on the ECG	185	(2)
Identify the Intrinsic Rate and Rhythm	185	(1)
Is There Evidence of Paced ACtivity?	185	(1)
Evaluate the Escape Interval	186	(1)
Analyze the Rhythm Strip	186	(1)
Stop & Review	187	(5)
Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG	192	(41)
Objectives	192	(1)
Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG	193	(1)
Anatomy Review	193	(1)
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)	193	(1)
Left Coronary Artery (LCA)	193	(1)
Planes	194	(1)
Frontal Plane Leads	194	(1)
Horizontal Plane Leads	194	(1)
Leads	194	(3)
Standard Limb Leads	195	(1)
Augmented Limb Leads	196	(1)
Precordial Leads	196	(1)
Vectors	197	(2)
Axis	198	(1)
Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction	199	(5)
Ischemia	200	(1)
Injury	201	(1)
Infarction	202	(2)
Layout of the 12-Lead ECG	204	(1)
12-Lead Changes Indicating Infarction	205	(2)
R-Wave Progression	206	(1)
Localization of Infarctions	207	(6)
Lateral Wall	208	(1)
Inferior Wall	208	(1)
Septum	209	(1)
Anterior Wall	210	(1)
Posterior Wall	210	(3)
Right Ventricular Infarction	213	(1)
Intraventricular Conduction Delays	213	(6)
Structures of the Intraventricular Conduction System	213	(3)
Blood Supply to the Intraventricular Conduction System	216	(1)
Bundle Branch Activation	216	(3)
Chamber Enlargement	219	(3)
Atrial Enlargement	219	(2)
Ventricular Enlargement	221	(1)
ECG Changes Associated With Electrolyte Disturbances	222	(6)
Sodium	222	(1)
Calcium	223	(1)
Magnesium	223	(1)
Potassium	224	(4)
Analyzing the 12-Lead ECG	228	(2)
Stop & Review	230	(3)
Post-Test	233	(25)
Multiple Choice and True/False	233	(5)
Test Rhythm Strips	238	(20)
Appendix A	258	(36)
1 Stop and Review Answers	258	(1)
2 Stop and Review Answers	259	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	260	(2)
3 Stop and Review Answers	262	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	263	(2)
4 Stop and Review Answers	265	(4)
Practice Rhythm Strips	266	(3)
5 Stop and Review Answers	269	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	270	(2)
6 Stop and Review Answers	272	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	273	(2)
7 Stop and Review Answers	275	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	276	(2)
8 Stop and Review Answers	278	(3)
Practice Rhythm Strips	279	(2)
9 Stop and Review Answers	281	(2)
Practice Rhythm Strips	282	(1)
10 Post-Test Answers	283	(11)
Rhythm Strips	286	(8)
Glossary	294	(8)
Credits	302