Echocardiography

by Nihoyannopoulos, Petros; Kisslo, Joseph

• ISBN13: 9781848822924
• ISBN10: 1848822928
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-08-15
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

Echocardiography has expanded greatly to become a sub-specialty in cardiology in its own right. From the original M-mode modality of 50 years ago, it has evolved into a complex multimodality method for evaluating and quantifying cardiovascular lesions. In addition, the entire spectrum of hemodynamic assessment of the heart can now be performed noninvasively using echocardiography alone. Transesophageal echocardiography has added to the clarity of imaging and proved to be extremely helpful in valve surgery. Lately, three-dimensional echocardiography has added a new dimension and helped the understanding of cardiac anatomy and pathology in real time. Finally, deformation imaging and assessment of myocardial perfusion completes the global assessment of the heart by echocardiography by looking at the various contraction and perfusion patterns in patients with coronary artery disease at rest and during stress.

Author Biography

Dr Petros Nihoyannopoulos is Reader in Cardiology, at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine and Technology (University of London) and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist Hammersmith Hospital, UK. He is a fully trained clinical cardiologist having completed medical studies in Strasbourg-France in 1979. He is now Head of Echocardiography laboratories at Hammersmith Hospital. Dr Nihoyannopoulos has developed the Hammersmith Echocardiology laboratory to the highest international standards to accommodate the ever increasing clinical demand but also to the highest national teaching center for echocardiology. He organizes both a clinical echocardiography service department with comprehensive technical support and a research unit which annually trains 5-6 post-graduate students from all over the world. At present, he has trained over 50 doctors and technicians from all over Europe in the art of echocardiology. His main research interest is in the use of echocardiography and Doppler techniques in clinical practice. To this end he leads the echocardiography laboratory at the Hammersmith Hospital in the following specific areas: stress echocardiography to assess wall motion in patients with syndrome X; the development of a three-dimensional ultrasound model of the thoracic aorta in health and disease; the use of contrast echocardiography for enhanced doppler signal and improved endocardial border detection and myocardial perfusion at rest and during stress; intravascular ultrasound system to compare imaging with histological plaque appearances.Dr Joseph Kisslo is Professor of Medicine at Duke University, Durham, NC USA. Dr. Kisslo's research has centered around the development and initial application of new ultrasound imaging devices. Focussed principally on morphologic diagnosis in the early years, the work has become progressively more physiologic in its orientation. After more than two decades there are now 300 original research papers, several textbooks and other materials. Dr. Kisslo has distinguished himself as the first to use phased array ultrasound imaging in the human body and, accordingly, was the first to describe most of the disease for which the technique is now commonplace. He was very early into the applications of Doppler color flow imaging and transesophageal imaging with ultrasound. He has served as an officer or on the Board of a variety of national and international bodies. He was one of the first Presidents of the American Society of Echocardiography. He reviews in all aspects of cardiac imaging, but principally echocardiography.Over the past 15 years he has also had a keen interest in medical economics and has served on various professional and governmental boards in describing medical costs and dealing with medical economics. More recently, he has taken interest in adult re-education through remote learning means (telemedicine) and has become the Clinical Director of Telemedicine at Duke. He is Executive Producer of the world's largest telemedicine program (Echo in Context) which has run for the past 14 years. This was the first educational event to circumnavigate the globe live.He is a frequent scientific and motivational lecturer to scientific organizations and industry. He serves as advisor to several governmental and industrial organizations.

Table of Contents

How Things Work
Physical Principles and the Basic Exam	p. 3
Conducting a Cardiac Ultrasound Examination	p. 31
Principles of Flow Assessment	p. 47
Principles of Hemodynamic Assessment	p. 63
Tissue Doppler, Doppler Strain, and Non-Doppler Strain: Tips, Limitations, and Applications	p. 79
Transesophageal Echocardiography: Principles and Application	p. 101
Valvular Heart Disease
Aortic Valve Disease: A. Aortic Stenosis	p. 117
Mitral Valve Disease	p. 135
Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease	p. 215
Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Echocardiography	p. 229
Criteria for Operative Intervention in Valvular Heart Disease Based on Echocardiography	p. 251
Clinical Echocardiography Prosthetic Valves	p. 265
The Use of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Infective Endocarditis	p. 283
Pericardial Disease
Pericardial Effusion, Tamponade, and Constriction	p. 297
Ventricular Disorders and Ischemic Disease
Clinical Echocardiography: Coronary Artery Disease: Assessing Regional Wall Motion	p. 313
Stress Echocardiography	p. 325
Principles of Myocardial Viability Implications for Echocardiography	p. 351
Echocardiography for Assessing Acute Myocardial Infarction	p. 367
Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction	p. 385
Cardiomyopathies	p. 399
Echocardiography in Heart Failure	p. 435
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy	p. 447
Masses, Emboli and Trauma
Intracardiac Masses	p. 465
Aortic Disorders	p. 473
Source of Embolus	p. 489
Congenital Heart Disease
Simple Congenital Heart Defects	p. 513
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Complex Congenital Heart Disease	p. 525
Adult Congenital Heart Disease	p. 541
Special Methods
Intraoperative Echocardiography	p. 569
Contrast Echocardiography	p. 581
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography	p. 603
Ultrasound Stethoscopy	p. 619
Echo-Guided Interventions	p. 637
Index	p. 655
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