Ecological Genetics Design, Analysis, and Application

by Lowe, Andrew; Harris, Stephen; Ashton, Paul

• ISBN13: 9781405100335
• ISBN10: 1405100338
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-05-21
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The use of molecular markers has revolutionized ecological genetics in the last 20 years. The fundamental problem facing new researchers is which of the many markers should be used and how the resulting data should then be analyzed. Until now, these guidelines have been hidden away in specialist journals. Ecological Genetics addresses this fundamental problem in clear, accessible language, suitable for upper-level undergraduates through to research-level professionals. The major topics in Ecological Genetics are treated within separate chapters, including: bull; bull;genetic diversity of populations and species bull;gene flow bull;phylogeography, and bull;speciation Within each chapter the potentially suitable molecular markers are described and the resulting data from each type of marker are discussed, including the underlying concepts of the various modes of analysis. These are illustrated with examples from both the plant and animal kingdoms. Researchers embarking on molecular approaches to ecological genetics (for instance, final-year undergraduates and new postgraduates) will find the book essential, and more experienced researchers will also find it of interest.

Author Biography

Dr Andrew Lowe recently took up a position as Research Lecturer in Ecological Genetics at the University of Queensland, Australia, after serving as a Senior Scientific Research Officer at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK. He manages a global network of highly regarded research projects on speciation and hybridization, range-wide phylogeography and fine-scale population gene dynamics, and has published more than 50 articles and papers on these subjects in scientific journals and books.

Dr Stephen Harris is Druce Curator of the Oxford University Herbaria, UK. As a University Research Lecturer he teaches in plant conservation genetics, and his research interests are molecular systematics, conservation genetics, and the effects of human activities on plant genetic variation and speciation. He has published more than 50 articles and papers on these subjects in scientific journals and books.

Dr Paul Ashton is a Senior Lecturer in Botany at Edge Hill College of Higher Education, UK. He was instrumental in implementing one of the UK’s first degree programs in Conservation Biology. He is also an Associate Lecturer with the Open University and has recently developed a small research group to continue his long-held interests in plant speciation and introgression, while developing new interests in conservation genetics.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Abbreviations	x
1 Ecological genetics	1	(5)
Summary	1	(1)
1.1 What is ecological genetics?	1	(2)
1.2 Why study ecological genetics?	3	(1)
References	4	(2)
2 Markers and sampling in ecological genetics	6	(46)
Summary	6	(1)
2.1 Introduction	6	(1)
2.2 Methods of data generation	7	(8)
2.3 Principles of sampling	15	(5)
2.4 Practice	20	(2)
2.5 Within-population sampling	22	(12)
2.6 Among-population sampling	34	(1)
2.7 Power analysis	34	(1)
2.8 Further reading	35	(1)
Essential methods information	36	(9)
References	45	(7)
3 Genetic diversity and differentiation	52	(54)
Summary	52	(1)
3.1 Introduction	52	(1)
3.2 Factors influencing diversity and differentiation	53	(5)
3.3 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	58	(4)
3.4 Genetic diversity	62	(7)
3.5 Genetic differentiation	69	(12)
3.6 Genetic distance	81	(5)
3.7 Statistical approaches	86	(3)
3.8 Use of genetic diversity statistics	89	(11)
3.9 Concluding remarks	100	(1)
3.10 Further reading	100	(1)
References	100	(6)
4 Gene flow and mating system	106	(44)
Summary	106	(1)
4.1 Introduction	106	(1)
4.2 Factors governing gene flow	107	(8)
4.3 Considerations for measuring gene flow	115	(7)
4.4 Measuring gene flow - indirect estimates	122	(12)
4.5 Measuring gene flow- direct estimates	134	(9)
4.6 The importance of biological and environmental factors on gene flow	143	(2)
References	145	(5)
5 Intraspecific phylogenies and phylogeography	150	(39)
Summary	150	(1)
5.1 Introduction	150	(7)
5.2 Homology, gene trees, and species trees	157	(2)
5.3 Tree form and building	159	(11)
5.4 Tree interpretation	170	(9)
5.5 Organelle versus nuclear intraspecific phylogenies	179	(1)
5.6 Further reading	180	(1)
Essential methods information	181	(4)
References	185	(4)
6 Speciation and hybridization	189	(54)
Summary	189	(1)
6.1 Introduction	189	(1)
6.2 Species	190	(4)
6.3 Speciation	194	(10)
6.4 Hybridization	204	(2)
6.5 Analysis of speciation and hybridization	206	(27)
6.6 Future developments	233	(1)
6.7 Further reading	233	(1)
References	233	(10)
7 Case studies in ecological genetics: Lycaenid butterflies, ragworts, bears, and oaks	243	(57)
Summary	243	(1)
7.1 Introduction	244	(1)
7.2 Lycaenid butterflies	244	(13)
7.3 European ragworts	257	(8)
7.4 Brown bears	265	(9)
7.5 European oaks	274	(18)
References	292	(8)
Appendix A: Data analysis software	300	(6)
Appendix B: Which distance algorithm should be used and when?	306	(7)
Glossary	313	(7)
Index	320