Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates

by Thorp; Covich

• ISBN13: 9780126906479
• ISBN10: 0126906475
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-09
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The First Edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates has been immensely popular with students and researchers interested in freshwater biology and ecology, limnology, environmental science, invertebrate zoology, and related fields. The First Edition has been widely used as a textbook and this Second Edition should continue to serve students in advanced classes. The Second Edition features expanded and updated chapters, especially with respect to the cited references and the classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. New chapters or substantially revised chapters include those on freshwater ecosystems, snails, aquatic spiders, aquatic insects, and crustaceans. * Most up-to-date and informative text of its kind * Written by experts in the ecology of various invertebrate groups, coverage emphasizes ecological information within a current taxonomic framework * Each chapter contains both morphological and taxonomic information, including keys to North American taxa (usually to the generic level) as well as bibliographic information and a list of further readings * The text is geared toward researchers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
Preface	xv
Introduction to Freshwater Invertebrates
James H. Thorp
Alan P. Covich
Introduction	1	(1)
Approches to Taxonomic Classification	1	(3)
Synopses of the North American Freshwater Invertebrates	4	(12)
Taxonomic Key to Major Taxa of Freshwater Invertebrates	16	(3)
Literature Cited	18	(1)
An Overview of Freshwater Habitats
James H. Thorp
Alan P. Covich
Introduction	19	(1)
Lotic Environments	19	(11)
Underground Aquatic Habitats	30	(3)
Lentic Ecosystems	33	(10)
Literature Cited	39	(4)
Protozoa
William D. Taylor
Robert W. Sanders
Introduction	43	(2)
Anatomy and Physiology	45	(13)
Ecology and Evolution	58	(11)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification	69	(1)
Identification of Protozoa	70	(27)
Literature Cited	89	(8)
Porifera
Thomas M. Frost
Henry M. Reiswig
Anthony Ricciardi
Introduction	97	(1)
Structure and Physiology	97	(8)
Ecology and Evolution	105	(10)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparing Sponges for Identification	115	(1)
Classification	116	(19)
Literature Cited	130	(5)
Cnidaria
Lawrence B. Slobodkin
Patricia E. Bossert
Introduction	135	(1)
General Biology of Cnidaria	136	(4)
Descriptive Ecology of Freshwater Cnidaria	140	(10)
Collection and Maintenance of Freshwater Cnidaria	150	(1)
Classification of Freshwater Cnidaria	151	(5)
Literature Cited	153	(3)
Flatworms: Turbellaria and Nemertea
Jurek Kolasa
Turbellaria
Introduction: Status in the Animal Kingdom	156	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	156	(2)
Ecology	158	(4)
Current and Future Research Problems	162	(1)
Collecting, Rearing, and Identification Techniques	163	(1)
Identification of North American Genera of Freshwater Turbellaria	163	(10)
Nemertea
General Characteristics, External and Internal Anatomical Features	173	(1)
Ecology	174	(2)
Current and Future Research Problems	176	(1)
Collection, Culturing, and Preservation	176	(1)
Taxonomic Key to Species of Freshwater Nemertea in North America	176	(5)
Literature Cited	176	(5)
Gastrotricha
David Strayer
William D. Hummon
Introduction	181	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	182	(1)
Ecology and Evolution	183	(5)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification	188	(1)
Taxonomic Key	189	(6)
Literature Cited	192	(3)
Phylum Rotifera
Robert Lee Wallace
Terry W. Snell
Introduction	195	(2)
Anatomy and Physiology	197	(10)
Ecology and Evolution	207	(23)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification	230	(3)
Classification and Systematics	233	(22)
Literature Cited	248	(7)
Nematoda and Nematomorpha
George O. Poinar
Nematoda
Introduction	255	(1)
Morphology and Physiology	256	(4)
Development and Life History	260	(1)
Ecology	261	(4)
Collecting and Rearing Techniques	265	(4)
Identification	269	(11)
Nematomorpha
Introduction	280	(2)
Morphology and Physiology	282	(6)
Development and Life History	288	(2)
Sampling	290	(1)
Identification	291	(6)
Literature Cited	292	(5)
Mollusca: Gastropoda
Kenneth M. Brown
Introduction	297	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	298	(4)
Ecology and Evolution	302	(13)
Collecting and Culturing Freshwater Gastropods	315	(1)
Identification of Freshwater Gastropods of North America	315	(16)
Literature Cited	325	(6)
Mollusca: Bivalvia
Robert F. McMahon
Arthur E. Bogan
Introduction	331	(2)
Anatomy and Physiology	333	(21)
Ecology and Evolution	354	(39)
Collecting, Preparation for Identification, and Rearing	393	(4)
Identification of the Freshwater Bivalves of North America	397	(34)
Literature Cited	416	(15)
Annelida: Oligochaeta, Including Branchiobdellidae
Ralph O. Brinkhurst
Stuart R. Gelder
Oligochaeta
Introduction to Oligochaeta	431	(1)
Oligochaete Anatomy and Physiology	432	(6)
Ecology and Evolution of Oligochaeta	438	(6)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation of Oligochaetes for Identification	444	(2)
Taxonomic Keys for Oligochaeta	446	(10)
Branchiobdellidae
Introduction to Branchiobdellidae	456	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of Branchiobdellidans	456	(2)
Ecology and Evolution	458	(1)
Identification of Branchiobdellidans	459	(6)
Literature Cited	461	(4)
Annelida: Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae
Ronald W. Davies
Fredric R. Govedich
Introduction to Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae	465	(1)
Taxonomic Status and Characteristics	466	(2)
Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae	468	(6)
Ecology	474	(12)
Collection and Rearing	486	(1)
Identification	486	(3)
Taxonomic Keys	489	(16)
Literature Cited	497	(8)
Bryozoans
Timothy S. Wood
Introduction	505	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	505	(6)
Ecology and Evolution	511	(4)
Entoprocta	515	(1)
Study Methods	516	(1)
Taxonomic Key	517	(10)
Literature Cited	523	(4)
Tardigrada
Diane R. Nelson
Introduction	527	(1)
Anatomy	528	(7)
Physiology (Latent States)	535	(1)
Reproduction and Development	536	(3)
Ecology	539	(4)
Techniques for Collection, Extraction, and Microscopy	543	(1)
Identification	544	(7)
Literature Cited	546	(5)
Water Mites (Hydrachnida) and Other Arachnids
Ian M. Smith
Bruce P. Smith
David R. Cook
Introduction to Arachnids	551	(1)
Water Mites (Hydrachnida)	552	(99)
Other Arachnids in Freshwater Habitats	651	(10)
Literature Cited	653	(8)
Diversity and Classification of Insects and Collembola
William L. Hilsenhoff
Introduction	661	(3)
Aquatic Orders of Insects	664	(17)
Partially Aquatic Orders of Insects	681	(18)
Semiaquatic Collembola---Springtails	699	(1)
Identification of the Freshwater Insects and Collembola	700	(33)
Literature Cited	721	(12)
Auatic Insect Ecology
Anne E. Hershey
Gary A. Lamberti
Introduction	733	(1)
Aquatic Insect Communities	733	(14)
Aquatic Insect Life Histories	747	(4)
Insect-Mediated Processes	751	(10)
Secondary Production	761	(2)
Effects of Land Use on Aquatic Insect Communities	763	(2)
Role of Disturbance	765	(2)
Aquatic Insects in Biomonitoring Studies	767	(1)
Summary	768	(9)
Literature Cited	768	(9)
Introduction to the Subphylum Crustacea
Alan P. Covich
James H. Thorp
Introduction	777	(3)
Anatomy and Physiology of Crustacea	780	(7)
Ecology and Evolution of Selected Crustacea	787	(11)
Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification	798	(1)
Classification of Peracarida and Brachiura	799	(12)
Literature Cited	800	(11)
Ostracoda
L. Denis Delorme
Introduction	811	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	812	(5)
Life History	817	(3)
Distribution	820	(1)
Chemical Habitat	821	(2)
Physical Habitat	823	(3)
Physiological and Morphological Adaptations	826	(1)
Behavioral Ecology	827	(1)
Foraging Relationships	827	(1)
Population Regulation	828	(1)
Collecting and Rearing Techniques	829	(2)
Uses of Freshwater Ostracoda	831	(1)
Current and Future Research Problems	832	(1)
Classification of Freshwater Ostracodes	832	(18)
Literature Cited	842	(8)
Cladocera and Other Branchopoda
Stanley I. Dodson
David G. Frey
Introduction	850	(1)
Cladocera
Anatomy and Physiology	851	(9)
Distribution	860	(2)
Behavior	862	(4)
What Cladocerans Eat and What Eats Cladocerans	866	(1)
Population Regulation	867	(1)
Functional Role in the Ecosystem	868	(1)
Paleolimnology and Molecular Phylogeny	868	(3)
Toxicology	871	(2)
Current and Future Research	873	(1)
Collecting and Rearing	873	(2)
Taxonomic Keys for Cladoceran Genera	875	(16)
Other Branchiopods
Anatomy and Physiology of the Other Branchipods	891	(2)
Ecology of the Other Branchiopods	893	(6)
Current and Future Research Problems	899	(1)
Collecting and Rearing Techniques	899	(1)
Taxonomic Keys for Non-Cladoceran Genera of Branchiopods	899	(16)
Literature Cited	904	(11)
Copepoda
Craig E. Williamson
Janet W. Reid
Introduction	915	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	916	(4)
Ecology and Evolution	920	(13)
Current and Future Research Problems	933	(1)
Collecting and Rearing Techniques	934	(1)
Identification Techniques	935	(20)
Literature Cited	942	(13)
Decapoda
H. H. Hobbs III
Introduction	955	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	955	(9)
Ecology and Evolution	964	(22)
Current and Future Research Problems	986	(3)
Collecting and Rearing Techniques	989	(2)
Identification	991	(12)
Literature Cited	993	(10)
Glossary	1003	(18)
Subject Index	1021	(16)
Taxonomic Index	1037