The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses

by Tollrian, Ralph; Harvell, C. Drew

• ISBN13: 9780691004945
• ISBN10: 0691004943
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-12-28
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet research on the inducible defenses used by vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats has largely developed along independent lines. Ralph Tollrian and Drew Harvell seek to change that here. By bringing together leading researchers from all fields to review common themes and explore emerging ideas, this book represents the most current and comprehensive survey of knowledge about the ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Contributors examine organisms as different as unicellular algae and higher vertebrates, and consider defenses ranging from immune systems to protective changes in morphology, behavior, chemistry, and life history. The authors of the review chapters, case studies, and theoretical studies pinpoint unifying factors favoring the evolution of inducible defenses. Throughout, the volume emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, integrating applied and theoretical ecology, evolution, genetics, and chemistry. In addition, Harvell and Tollrian provide an introduction and a conclusion that review the current state of knowledge in the field and identify areas for future research. The contributors, in addition to the editors, are May Berenbaum, Arthur Zangerl, Johannes Jauml;remo, Juha Tuomi, Patric Nilsson, Anurag Agrawal, Richard Karban, Marcel Dicke, Ellen Van Donk, Miquel Luuml;rling, Winfried Lampert, Simon Frost, John Gilbert, Hans-Werner Kuhlmann, Juuml;rgen Kusch, Klaus Heckmann, Luc De Meester, Piotr Dawidowicz, Erik van Gool, Carsten Loose, Stanley Dodson, Christer Brouml;nmark, Lars Pettersson, Anders Nilsson, Bradley Anholt, Earl Werner, Curtis Lively, Frederick Adler, Daniel Gruuml;nbaum, and Wilfried Gabriel.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	vii
List of Contributors	ix
Why Inducible Defenses?	3	(7)
C. Drew Harvell
Ralph Tollrian
Coping with Life as a Menu Option: Inducible Defenses of the Wild Parsnip	10	(23)
May R. Berenbaum
Arthur R. Zangerl
Adaptive Status of Localized and Systemic Defense Responses in Plants	33	(12)
Johannes Jaremo
Juha Tuomi
Patric Nilsson
Why Induced Defenses May Be Favored over Constitutive Strategies in Plants	45	(17)
Anurag A. Agrawal
Richard Karban
Evolution of Induced Indirect Defense of Plants	62	(27)
Marcel Dicke
Consumer-Induced Changes in Phytoplankton: Inducibility, Costs, Benefits, and the Impact on Grazers	89	(15)
Ellen Van Donk
Miquel Lurling
Winfried Lampert
The Immune System as an Inducible Defense	104	(23)
Simon D. W. Frost
Kairomone-Induced Morphological Defenses in Rotifers	127	(15)
John J. Gilbert
Predator-Induced Defenses in Ciliated Protozoa	142	(18)
Hans-Werner Kuhlmann
Jurgen Kusch
Klaus Heckmann
Ecology and Evolution of Predator-Induced Behavior of Zooplankton: Depth Selection Behavior and Diel Vertical Migration	160	(17)
Luc De Meester
Piotr Dawidowicz
Erik van Gool
Carsten J. Loose
Inducible Defenses in Cladocera: Constraints, Costs, and Multipredator Environments	177	(26)
Ralph Tollrian
Stanley I. Dodson
Predator-Induced Defense in Crucian Carp	203	(15)
Christer Bronmark
Lars B. Pettersson
P. Anders Nilsson
Density-Dependent Consequences of Induced Behavior	218	(13)
Bradley R. Anholt
Earl E. Werner
Complex Biotic Environments, Coloniality, and Heritable Variation for Inducible Defenses	231	(14)
C. Drew Harvell
Developmental Strategies in Spatially Variable Environments: Barnacle Shell Dimorphism and Strategic Models of Selection	245	(14)
Curtis M. Lively
Evolution of Forager Responses to Inducible Defenses	259	(27)
Frederick R. Adler
Daniel Grunbaum
Evolution of Reversible Plastic Responses: Inducible Defenses and Environmental Tolerance	286	(20)
Wilfried Gabriel
The Evolution of Inducible Defenses: Current Ideas	306	(17)
Ralph Tollrian
C. Drew Harvell
References	323	(54)
Index	377