Ecotoxicology of Antifouling Biocides

by Arai, Takaomi; Harino, Hiroya; Ohji, Madoka; Langston, William John

• ISBN13: 9784431857082
• ISBN10: 4431857087
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-03-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Organotin compounds, used as antifouling biocides since 1960, are chemical compounds that act as endocrine disrupters. It is not known how organotin compounds cause hormone disturbance, however, and many questions remain about their effect on aquatic organisms. Studies on organotin compounds have recently evolved, with many new findings reported. Following a worldwide ban on organotin compounds in 2008, alternative compounds will mainly be used, with the potential for coastal areas to become contaminated, causing, among other effects, cholinesterase inhibition in aquatic organisms. Use of alternative compounds must be controlled to avoid such errors. These and other findings are described and concisely summarized in this book, providing a useful reference in countries where alternative biocides are being considered. Included are studies on the effects on marine organisms, making this book an excellent aid to experts in environmental chemistry, to government organizations, and to students.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. v
Preface	p. ix
Contributors	p. xv
Overview of Antifouling Biocides
Release Rate of Biocides from Antifouling Paints	p. 3
International Trends in Regulatory Aspects	p. 23
Behavior of Organotin Compounds and Their Effects on Aquatic Organisms
Distribution of Organotin Compounds in Aquatic Environments
Global Contamination by Organotin Compounds	p. 39
Contamination by Organotin Compounds in Asia	p. 61
Behaviour of Organotins in the Coastal Environment	p. 75
Organotin Contamination in Deep Sea Environments	p. 95
Organotin Compounds as Endocrine Disruptors
Mechanism of Imposex Induced by Organotins in Gastropods	p. 111
The Endocrine-Disrupting Effect of Organotin Compounds for Aquatic Organisms	p. 125
Toxicity of Organotin Compounds in Aquatic Organisms
Toxicity for Aquatic Organisms	p. 149
Biological Effects of Tributyltin on the Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda)	p. 161
Toxic Interactions Between Tributyltin and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aquatic Organisms	p. 195
Immunotoxic Effects of Organotin Compounds in Teleost Fish	p. 207
Genetic and Physiological Impacts of Organotin Compounds
Genetic Impacts of Organotin Compounds	p. 221
Effects of Organotins on the Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Fish	p. 235
Bioaccumulation of Organotin Compounds in Aquatic Organisms
Plankton	p. 253
Molluscs	p. 271
Fish Takaomi Arai	p. 291
Environmental Chemistry of Alternative Biocides
Analytical Methods
The Analysis of Antifouling Paint Biocides in Water, Sediment and Biota	p. 311
Monitoring of Alternative Biocides
Europe and USA	p. 331
Asia Hiroya	p. 345
Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms
Toxicity in Plankton and Fish	p. 365
Further Effects of Alternative Biocides on Aquatic Organisms	p. 383
Characteristics of Alternative Biocides in Aquatic Environments
Degradation of Alternative Biocides in the Aquatic Environment	p. 397
Copper Biocides in the Marine Environment	p. 413
General Summary
Overview	p. 431
Index	p. 433
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