Edible and Useful Plants of Texas and the Southwest

by Tull, Delena

• ISBN13: 9780292781641
• ISBN10: 0292781644
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-03-01
• Publisher: Univ of Texas Pr

Summary

All around us there are wild plants good for food, medicine, clothing, and shelter, but most of us don't know how to identify or use them. Delena Tull amply supplies that knowledge in this book, one of the first focused specifically on plants that grow in Texas and surrounding regions of the South and Southwest.Extensively illustrated with black-and-white drawings and color photos, this book includes the following special features: Recipes for foods made from edible wild plants. Wild teas and spices. Wild plant dyes, with instructions for preparing the plants and dying wool, cotton, and other materials. Instructions for preparing fibers for use in making baskets, textiles, and paper. Information on wild plants used for making rubber, wax, oil, and soap. Information on medicinal uses of plants. An identification guide to hay fever plants and plants that cause rashes. Instructions for distinguishing edible from poisonous berries. Detailed information on poisonous plants, including poison ivy, oak, and sumac, as well as herbal treatments for their rashes.

Table of Contents

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS	xvii	(2)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS	xix	(2)
PREFACE TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION	xxi	(2)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	xxiii
INTRODUCTION	1	(14)
What's in This Book	1	(3)
Vegetation Regions in the State	2	(1)
Why Use Botanical Terminology?	3	(1)
Plants as Medicine: A Commentary	4	(5)
Mushrooms: To Eat or Not to Eat	9	(6)
1. EDIBLE AND USEFUL WILD PLANTS	15	(140)
Caution and Notes on Using Wild Edibles	15	(5)
Why Bother With Wild Foods?	15	(1)
Native Plants for Agriculture	16	(2)
Grazing From the Wild: Tips and Precautions	18	(2)
Edible and Useful Wild Plants by Family, Including Recipes	20	(135)
Agavaceae--Agave Family	21	(1)
Agave, Lechuguilla, Mescal--Agave Species	21	(5)
Sotol--Dasylirion Species	26	(1)
Yucca--Yucca Species	27	(2)
Alismataceae--Water-plantain Family	29	(1)
Arrowhead--Sagittaria Species	29	(1)
Amaranthaceae--Amaranth Family	30	(1)
Amaranth--Amaranthus Species	30	(5)
Anacardiaceae--Sumac Family	35	(1)
Sumac--Rhus Species	35	(2)
Asteraceae--Composite Family, Sunflower Family	37	(2)
Chicory--Cichorium intybus	39	(1)
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale	40	(1)
Goldenrod--Solidago odora	41	(2)
Lettuce--Lactuca Species	43	(2)
Ragweed--Ambrosia trifida	45	(2)
Sow Thistle--Sonchus oleraceus, Sonchus asper	47	(1)
Sunflower--Helianthus Species	48	(2)
Thistle--Cirsium Species	50	(2)
Cactaceae--Cactus Family	52	(1)
Opuntia--Opuntia Species	53	(7)
Strawberry Cactus--Echinocereus stramineus, Echinocereus enneacanthus	60	(1)
Caryophyllaceae--Pink Family	61	(1)
Chickweed--Stellaria media	61	(1)
Chenopodiaceae--Goosefoot Family	62	(1)
Lamb's-quarters--Chenopodium album	62	(3)
Orach, Four-Wing Saltbush--Atriplex Species	65	(1)
Tumbleweed--Salsola Kali	66	(3)
Commelinaceae--Spiderwort Family	69	(1)
Dayflower--Commelina Species	69	(1)
Spiderwort--Tradescantia Species	69	(2)
Crassulaceae--Orpine Family	71	(1)
Sedum, Stonecrop--Sedum Species	71	(1)
Cucurbitaceae--Gourd Family	72	(1)
Buffalo Gourd--Cucurbita foetidissima	72	(2)
Cyperaceae--Sedge Family	74	(1)
Nut-grass--Cyperus Species	74	(1)
Euphorbiaceae--Spurge Family	75	(1)
Bull Nettle--Cnidoscolus texanus	75	(1)
Noseburn--Tragia Species	76	(1)
Fabaceae--Legume Family	77	(3)
Acacia, Huisache, Catclaw--Acacia Species	80	(3)
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa	83	(1)
Black Locust--Robinia pseudo-acacia	84	(1)
Groundnut--Apios americana	84	(1)
Hog Peanut--Amphicarpaea bracteata	85	(1)
Honey Locust--Gleditsia triacanthos	86	(1)
Indian Breadroot, Scurfy Pea--Psoralea Species	86	(1)
Kudzu--Pueraria lobata	87	(2)
Mesquite, Tornillo--Prosopis Species	89	(7)
Redbud--Cercis canadensis	96	(1)
Retama--Parkinsonia aculeata	97	(2)
Tepary Bean--Phaseolus acutifolius	99	(1)
Fagaceae--Beech Family	100	(1)
Oak--Quercus Species	100	(5)
Fouquieriaceae--Ocotillo Family	105	(1)
Ocotillo--Fouquieria splendens	105	(2)
Juglandaceae--Walnut Family	107	(1)
Hickory--Carya Species	107	(1)
Pecan--Carya illinoinensis	107	(1)
Walnut--Juglans Species	107	(2)
Lamiaceae--Mint Family	109	(1)
Henbit--Lamium amplexicaule	109	(1)
Liliaceae--Lily Family	110	(1)
Blue Camass--Camassia scilloides	111	(1)
Day Lily--Hemerocallis fulva	111	(2)
Greenbriar--Smilax bona-nox	113	(2)
Lily--Lilium Species	115	(1)
Onion, Garlic, Chives--Allium Species	116	(2)
Malvaceae--Mallow Family	118	(1)
Turk's Cap--Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii	119	(2)
Martyniaceae--Unicorn Plant Family	121	(1)
Devil's Claw--Proboscidea Species	121	(1)
Nymphaeaceae--Water-lily Family	122	(1)
Lotus--Nelumbo lutea	122	(2)
Spatterdock--Nuphar luteum	124	(1)
Water-lily--Nymphaea odorata	124	(1)
Onagraceae--Evening Primrose Family	125	(1)
Showy Evening Primrose--Oenothera speciosa	125	(1)
Oxalidaceae--Wood Sorrel Family	126	(1)
Wood Sorrel--Oxalis Species	126	(2)
Pinaceae--Pine Family	128	(1)
Pinon--Pinus edulis, Pinus cembroides	128	(3)
Plantaginaceae--Plantain Family	131	(1)
Plantain--Plantago major, Plantago lanceolata	131	(2)
Poaceae--Grass Family	133	(1)
Carrizo--Arundo donax	133	(1)
Giant Cane--Arundinaria gigantea	133	(1)
Reed--Phragmites communis	133	(2)
Polygonaceae--Knotweed Family	135	(1)
Dock, Canaigre--Rumex Species	135	(3)
Pontederiaceae--Pickerelweed Family	138	(1)
Pickerelweed--Pontederia cordata	138	(1)
Water Hyacinth--Eichhornia crassipes	138	(2)
Portulacaceae--Purslane Family	140	(1)
Purslane--Portulaca oleracea	140	(2)
Rubiaceae--Madder Family	142	(1)
Bedstraw--Galium aparine	142	(3)
Typhaceae--Cattail Family	145	(1)
Cattail--Typha Species	145	(4)
Urticaceae--Nettle Family	149	(1)
Pellitory--Parietaria Species	149	(1)
Stinging Nettle--Urtica Species	150	(2)
Violaceae--Violet Family	152	(1)
Violet--Viola Species	152	(3)
2. TEAS AND SPICES	155	(24)
Teas	156	(13)
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa	157	(1)
Basswood--Tilia Species	157	(1)
Bee Balm--Monarda Species	158	(1)
Bee Brush--Aloysia gratissima	158	(1)
Blackberry, Dewberry--Rubus Species	158	(1)
Catnip--Nepeta cataria	158	(1)
Clover--Trifolium Species	159	(1)
Goldenrod--Solidago odora	159	(1)
Greenthread--Thelesperma Species	159	(1)
Horehound--Marrubium vulgare	160	(1)
Limoncillo--Pectis angustifolia, Pectis papposa	160	(2)
Limoncillo--Hedeoma Species	162	(1)
Mormon tea--Ephedra antisyphilitica	162	(1)
Mullein--Verbascum thapsus	162	(1)
Peppermint--Mentha piperita	163	(1)
Persimmon--Diospyros virginiana	163	(1)
Prairie Tea--Croton monanthogynus	163	(2)
Redroot--Ceanothus americanus	165	(1)
Rose--Rosa Species	165	(1)
Sage--Salvia Species	166	(1)
Sassafras--Sassafras albidum	166	(1)
Spearmint--Mentha spicata	167	(1)
Strawberry--Fragaria Species	167	(1)
Yarrow--Achillea millefolium	167	(1)
Yaupon--llex vomitoria	167	(2)
Spices	169	(10)
Chile Pequin--Capsicum annuum	170	(1)
Epazote--Chenopodium ambrosioides	170	(1)
Juniper, Cedar--Juniperus Species	171	(1)
Knotweed--Polygonum aviculare	171	(1)
Mintweed--Lippia graveolens	172	(1)
Mustard--Brassica Species	172	(1)
Onion, Garlic--Allium Species	173	(1)
Peppergrass--Lepidium Species	173	(1)
Red Bay--Persea borbonia	173	(2)
Shepherd's Purse--Capsella bursa-pastoris	175	(1)
Spicebush--Lindera benzoin	175	(1)
Sweet Bay--Magnolia virginiana	175	(1)
Watercress--Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum	176	(1)
Wax Myrtle--Myrica cerifera	176	(1)
Wormwood--Artemisia ludoviciana	176	(3)
3. EDIBLE AND POISONOUS BERRIES AND OTHER FLESHY FRUITS	179	(52)
Poisonous Fruit	181	(14)
Blue, Purple, or Black Fruit: Toxic	181	(1)
Cherry--Prunus Species	181	(1)
Coyotillo--Karwinskia humboldtiana	181	(1)
Eve's Necklace--Sophora affinis	181	(2)
Juniper, Cedar--Juniperus Species	183	(1)
Lantana--Lantana Species	183	(2)
Ligustrum--Ligustrum Species	185	(1)
Nightshade, Black Nightshade--Solanum americanum	185	(1)
Poke--Phytolacca americana	186	(1)
Virginia Creeper--Parthenocissus quinquefolia	186	(2)
Red Fruit: Toxic	188	(1)
Coralito--Rivina humilis	188	(1)
Holly, Yaupon--llex Species	188	(1)
Jerusalem-cherry--Solanum pseudocapsicum	188	(1)
Snailseed--Cocculus carolinus	189	(1)
Wahoo--Euonymus Species	189	(1)
Yellow, Cream, or White Fruit: Toxic	189	(1)
Chinaberry--Melia azedarach	189	(1)
Mistletoe--Phoradendron tomentosum	190	(2)
Nightshade, Silverleaf Nightshade--Solanum elaeagnifolium	192	(1)
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac--Toxicodendron Species	192	(1)
Soapberry--Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii	192	(1)
Tallow Tree--Sapium sebiferum	193	(1)
Fruits With Unknown Toxicity: Avoid Eating Them	194	(1)
American Beauty-berry--Callicarpa americana	194	(1)
Ampelopsis, Heartleaf--Ampelopsis cordata	194	(1)
Carolina Buckthorn--Rhamnus caroliniana	194	(1)
Dogwood--Cornus Species	194	(1)
Elbow-bush--Forestiera pubescens	194	(1)
Greenbriar--Smilax Species	194	(1)
Hercules' Club--Aralia spinosa	195	(1)
Honeysuckle--Lonicera Species	195	(1)
Indian Strawberry--Duchesnea indica	195	(1)
Peppervine--Ampelopsis arborea	195	(1)
Edible Fruit	195	(36)
Standard Jelly and Jam Recipes	196	(2)
Blue, Purple, or Black Fruit: Edible	198	(1)
Blackberry, Dewberry--Rubus Species	198	(1)
Blackhaw, Rusty Blackhaw, Withe Rod--Viburnum Species	198	(1)
Blueberry, Whortleberry, Farkleberry--Vaccinium Species	199	(1)
Brasil--Condalia hookeri	200	(1)
Cherry, Black Cherry, Chokecherry--Prunus Species	200	(2)
Coma--Bumelia lanuginosa	202	(1)
Currant--Ribes Species	203	(1)
Elderberry--Sambucus canadensis	203	(3)
Grape--Vitis Species	206	(2)
Mulberry--Morus Species	208	(2)
Persimmon--Diospyros texana	210	(1)
Prickly Pear Cactus--Opuntia Species	211	(1)
Sabal Palm, Texas Palmetto, Palma de Micaros--Sabal texana	211	(1)
Serviceberry--Amelanchier Species	212	(1)
Brown Fruit: Edible	212	(1)
Pawpaw--Asimina triloba	212	(1)
Green Fruit: Edible	213	(1)
Crab Apple--Pyrusioensis, Pyrusangustifolia	213	(1)
Red, Orange, or Yellow Fruit: Edible	213	(1)
Agarita, Barberry--Berberis Species	213	(2)
Anacua--Ehretia anacua	215	(1)
Chile Pequin--Capsicum annuum	216	(2)
Desert Yaupon--Schaefferia cuneifolia	218	(1)
Hackberry--Celtis Species	218	(1)
Hawthorn--Crataegus Species	219	(1)
Jujube--Ziziphus jujuba	220	(1)
Madrone--Arbutus xalapensis	220	(1)
Mayapple--Podophyllum peltatum	221	(1)
Passionflower--Passiflora incarnata	221	(1)
Persimmon--Diospyros virginiana	222	(1)
Plum--Prunus Species	223	(1)
Pyracantha--Pyracantha Species	224	(1)
Rose--Rosa Species	225	(1)
Strawberry--Fragaria Species	225	(1)
Sumac--Rhus Species	226	(1)
Tomatillo--Physalis Species	226	(3)
Turk's Cap--Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii	229	(1)
White Fruit: Edible	229	(1)
White Mulberry--Morus alba	229	(2)
4. POISONOUS AND HARMFUL PLANTS	231	(78)
First Aid for Toxic Plant Ingestion	231	(1)
Plant Poisoning: Dispelling Some Myths About Poisonous Plants	232	(2)
Who Is Affected by Plant Poisonings?	234	(1)
Livestock Poisoning	235	(1)
The Toxins in Plants	236	(1)
Toxic Wild Plants by Family	237	(40)
Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae--Amaryllis, Iris, and Lily Families	237	(3)
Apiaceae--Carrot Family	240	(1)
Poison Hemlock--Conium maculatum	241	(1)
Water Hemlock--Cicuta maculata	242	(2)
Apocynaceae--Dogbane Family	244	(1)
Dogbane, Indian Hemp--Apocynum Species	244	(2)
Araceae--Arum Family	246	(1)
Asclepiadaceae--Milkweed Family	247	(2)
Milkweed--Asclepias Species	249	(2)
Asteraceae--Composite Family, Sunflower Family	251	(1)
Fabaceae--Legume Family	252	(1)
Black Locust--Robinia pseudo-acadia	253	(1)
Bluebonnet, Lupine--Lupinus Species	253	(1)
Coral Bean--Erythrina herbacea	254	(1)
Devil's Shoestring--Tephrosia virginiana	254	(2)
Locoweed--Astragalus Species	256	(2)
Mescal Bean--Sophora secundiflora	258	(1)
Rattlebush, Bagpod, Bequilla--Sesbania Species	259	(2)
Singletary Pea, Sweetpea--Lathyrus Species	261	(1)
Wisteria--Wisteria Species	262	(1)
Hippocastanaceae--Buckeye Family	262	(1)
Buckeye, Horse-chestnut--Aesculus Species	262	(3)
Loganiaceae--Logania Family	265	(1)
Jasmine--Gelsemium sempervirens	265	(1)
Phytolaccaceae--Pokeweed Family	265	(1)
Coralito--Rivina humilis	265	(1)
Poke--Phytolacca americana	266	(2)
Sapindaceae--Soapberry Family	268	(1)
Mexican Buckeye--Ungnadia speciosa	268	(1)
Solanaceae--Nightshade Family	269	(2)
Jerusalem-cherry--Solanum pseudocapsicum	271	(1)
Jessamine--Cestrum Species	271	(2)
Jimsonweed--Datura Species	273	(1)
Nightshade, Silverleaf Nightshade--Solanum elaeagnifolium	273	(2)
Tobacco, Tree Tobacco, Desert Tobacco--Nicotiana Species	275	(2)
Toxic Ornamental Houseplants and Yard Plants: The Enemy Within	277	(8)
Poisons in the Garden	285	(4)
Rashes and Sneezes	289	(20)
Contact Dermatitis	289	(1)
Allergic Contact Dermatitis	289	(4)
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac--Toxicodendron radicans and Other Species	293	(4)
Pollen Dermatitis	297	(1)
Photodermatitis	297	(1)
Irritant Dermatitis	298	(1)
Chemical Irritants	298	(1)
Mechanical Irritants	299	(1)
Stinging Nettles	299	(4)
Hay Fever Plants	303	(1)
Fall	304	(2)
Winter	306	(1)
Spring and Summer	306	(3)
5. COLORFUL DYES WITH TEXAS PLANTS	309	(66)
Vegetable Dyes: A Historical Perspective	309	(2)
Dyes Today: Synthetic Versus Vegetable Dyes	311	(2)
Fibers for Dyeing	313	(1)
Factors That Influence Dye Colors	314	(1)
Pigments From Plants	314	(4)
Colorfastness	318	(1)
Testing for Lightfastness	318	(1)
Testing for Washfastness	319	(1)
Water	319	(1)
Dyeing Techniques	320	(2)
Plants for Dyes	322	(5)
How Much Should I Collect?	322	(2)
What Plant Parts Should I Use?	324	(2)
Kitchen and Garden Dyes	326	(1)
Mordants	327	(6)
Procedures for Dyeing Wool and Other Fibers	333	(10)
Equipment	333	(1)
Preparing the Plant Material for the Dye Pot	334	(1)
Preparing the Wool	335	(1)
Scouring Raw Wool	335	(1)
Mordanting the Wool	336	(3)
Dyeing the Wool	339	(1)
Simmer Dyeing	339	(2)
Solar Dyeing	341	(1)
Cold-Water Fermentation	342	(1)
Final Tips on Dyeing With Plants	342	(1)
Vegetable Dye Recipes	343	(32)
Symbol Code	344	(1)
Plant Species Used for Dyes	344	(31)
6. FIBERS FROM TEXAS PLANTS	375	(16)
Plants for Basketmaking	375	(7)
Textile Fibers	382	(2)
Extracted Fibers: Retting and Scutching	383	(1)
Fibers Attached to Seeds	384	(1)
Dyeing Plant Fibers	384	(2)
Papermaking	386	(5)
How to Make Paper	387	(4)
7. RUBBER, WAX, OIL, AND SOAP: INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES FROM TEXAS PLANTS	391	(8)
GLOSSARY	399	(6)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	405	(14)
INDEX	419