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Preface | p. xiii |
Introduction and Fundamental Concepts | p. 1 |
Electrokinetic Mechanisms for Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Transport | p. 1 |
Introduction to Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems | p. 1 |
Microscale and Nanoscale Electrokinetic Transport | p. 5 |
Organization | p. 8 |
Electrostatics | p. 8 |
Coulomb's Law | p. 9 |
Electric Field and Potential | p. 10 |
Charge Density | p. 11 |
Electric-Field Vector Relationships | p. 11 |
Gauss' Law: The Flux of the Electric Field | p. 12 |
Fundamental Concepts of Electrokinetic Theories | p. 14 |
Constitutive Relations Governing Continuum Hydrodynamics | p. 14 |
Induced Dipoles, Interfacial Conditions, and the Maxwell Stress Tensor | p. 16 |
Electrokinetic Actuation of Dielectric Liquids - Gradients in the Maxwell Pressure | p. 20 |
Constitutive Equation for Ion Transport | p. 29 |
Classical Equilibrium Theory Due to Surface Charges | p. 35 |
The Debye Double Layer | p. 35 |
Surface Charging | p. 35 |
Concentration Polarization of Ions - The Screening Effect | p. 36 |
Poisson-Boltzmann Distribution | p. 36 |
The Poisson-Boltzmann Distribution and Surface Electric Field | p. 36 |
Osmotic Pressure, Conservative Force, and Stability of the Poisson-Boltzmann Distribution | p. 39 |
Repulsive Forces Between Charged or Constant-Potential Particles in Electrolytes Under Poisson-Boltzmann Equilibrium | p. 41 |
The Debye-Hückel Theory | p. 45 |
Nonlinear Analysis of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equilibrium in the Debye Layer | p. 47 |
Extensions to the Diffuse Double Layer Theory | p. 53 |
Attraction Between Identical Particles Due to Symmetry Breaking | p. 56 |
Overlapping Double Layers in Nanopores: Pore Conductance and Threshold Field for Electro-Osmotic Flow | p. 65 |
Double Layer Formation and Relaxation Dynamics | p. 72 |
Equilibrium Double Layer Electrokinetic Phenomena | p. 73 |
Electro-Osmotic Transport | p. 76 |
Electro-Osmosis | p. 76 |
Smoluchowski Slip in Microchannels | p. 77 |
Electro-Osmotic Slip Velocity with Bulk Concentration Gradients: Formal Asymptotics | p. 81 |
Electro-Osmotic Flow in Nanochannels | p. 86 |
Mixed or Frustrated Flows | p. 88 |
DC Electrokinetic Pumps | p. 89 |
Electric Field and Hydrodynamic Streamline Similarity | p. 97 |
Frustrated Flow and Vortex Formation Due to pH Gradients | p. 99 |
Conductivity-Gradient-Driven Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities | p. 103 |
Conductivity Gradients in the Direction of the Applied Field | p. 104 |
Conductivity Gradients Transverse to the Direction of the Applied Field | p. 112 |
Hydrodynamic Dispersion and Channel Profiling | p. 116 |
Electroviscous Effects Due to the Streaming Potential in a Finite-Length Nanochannel: The Zero-Current Model | p. 122 |
Electrophoretic Transport and Separation | p. 128 |
Uniform Charge Electrophoresis: Classical Theory | p. 128 |
Combined Electrophoresis and Electro-Osmotic Convection | p. 131 |
Electroviscous Effects | p. 132 |
Cellular Electrophoresis Involving a Conducting Layer of Charges | p. 133 |
Electrophoresis with Surface Charge Migration and Counterion Condensation Effects | p. 137 |
Other Conductive Electrophoresis Theories - Conducting Stern Layer and Convective Current Effects | p. 139 |
A General Electrophoresis Theory in the Debye-Hückel Limit | p. 141 |
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications | p. 143 |
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis | p. 146 |
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis | p. 147 |
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography | p. 148 |
Capillary Isotachophoresis | p. 149 |
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing | p. 149 |
Capillary Electrochromatography | p. 150 |
End-Labeled Free-Solution Electrophoresis | p. 152 |
Field-Induced Dielectric Polarization | p. 155 |
Nonequilibrium Electrokinetics | p. 155 |
Dielectric Polarization | p. 156 |
Dielectric Materials and Dipole Formation | p. 156 |
Polarization Mechanisms | p. 160 |
Impedance Characterization of Relaxation Times | p. 161 |
Interfacial Polarization | p. 168 |
Interfacial Polarizability - The Clausius-Mossotti Factor | p. 168 |
Dielectric Dispersion | p. 177 |
Bacterial Growth Detection Through Reactance Measurements | p. 180 |
DC Nonlinear Electrokinetics Due to Field-Induced Double Layer Polarization | p. 184 |
DC Nonlinear Electrokinetics | p. 184 |
Electrokinetic Flow Manipulation Using Field (Capacitance) Effects | p. 185 |
Concentration Polarization at Nearly Insulated Wedges | p. 188 |
Electrokinetic Phenomenon of the Second Kind | p. 200 |
Extended Polarized Layer: Current-Voltage Relationship | p. 208 |
Dukhin's Model and Tangential Convection Effects | p. 215 |
Low Péclet Numbers - The Dukhin Theory | p. 215 |
High Péclet Numbers - Tangential Convection Enhancement of the Normal Flux | p. 217 |
Electrokinetic Vortex Generation for Micromixing | p. 221 |
Dynamic Superconcentration at Critical-Point Double Layer Gates | p. 225 |
Vortex Instability of Extended Polarized Layers and Selection of Overlimiting Currents | p. 233 |
Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics of Nanopores | p. 239 |
AC Nonlinear Electro-Osmosis Due to Field-Induced Double Layer Polarization | p. 251 |
AC Nonlinear Electrokinetics | p. 251 |
Derivation of the AC Electro-Osmotic Slip Velocity | p. 257 |
Double Layer Electrostatic Model | p. 258 |
Hydrodynamic Model | p. 261 |
Bulk Potential | p. 263 |
Flow Reversal | p. 263 |
Planar Converging Stagnation Flow on Symmetric Coplanar Electrodes | p. 268 |
Normal Double Layer Charging of Passive Metal Surfaces | p. 276 |
Electrothermal AC Electro-Osmosis | p. 280 |
Dielectrophoresis and Electrorotation - Double Layer Effects | p. 284 |
Ponderomotive Forces | p. 284 |
Dielectrophoresis | p. 285 |
Classical Maxwell-Wagner Theory | p. 286 |
Low-Conductivity Limit (a “¿D) - Conducting Stern and Diffuse Layer Correction | p. 288 |
Normal Capacitive Charging | p. 295 |
Intermediate Conductivity Limit (a | |
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