Electron Crystallography

by Weirich, Thomas E.; Lábár, János L.; Zou, Xiaodong

• ISBN13: 9781402039195
• ISBN10: 1402039190
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-28
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. Moreover, these developments have been accompanied by a now available new generation of computer controlled electron microscopes equipped with high-coherent field-emission sources, cryo-specimen holders, ultra-fast CCD cameras, imaging plates, energy filters and even correctors for electron optical distortions. Thus, a fast and semi-automatic data acquisition from small sample areas, similar to what we today know from imaging plates diffraction systems in X-ray crystallography, can be envisioned for the very near future. This progress clearly shows that the contribution of electron crystallography is quite unique, as it enables to reveal the intimate structure of samples with high accuracy but on much smaller samples than have ever been investigated by X-ray diffraction. As a tribute to these tremendous recent achievements, this NATO Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the novel approaches of electron crystallography for structure determination of nanosized materials.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	xi
Preface	xvii
Lectures
Introduction
What is electron crystallography	3	(14)
X. D. Zou
Exploiting sub-Angstrom abilities	17	(14)
C. Kisielowski
What advantages do different techniques offer?
The way forward for electron crystallography	31	(12)
J.C.H. Spence
Symmetry and structure	43	(18)
M. Hargittai
I. Hargittai
Experimental techniques
Introduction to electron diffraction	61	(12)
J.P. Morniroli
Symmetry determinations by electron diffraction	73	(12)
J.P. Morniroli
Electron diffraction structure analysis	85	(12)
V. Klechkovskaya
Specimens and their electron diffraction patterns
Quantitative electron diffraction structure analysis	97	(24)
A.S. Avilov
Theory and practise of determining the electrostatic potential and chemical bonding in crystals
Quantification of texture patterns	121	(22)
P. Oleynikov
S. Hovmoller
X. D. Zou
Quantitative Convergent Beam electron diffraction	143	(26)
J.M. Zuo
Measurements of lattice parameters and crystal charge density
New instrumentation for TEM electron diffraction structure analysis: Electron diffractometry combined with beam precession	169	(16)
S. Nicolopoulos
A. Kuligin
K. Kuligin
B. Khalid
G. Lepeshov
J. L. DelPlancke
A. Avilov
M. Nickolsky
A. Ponce
Role of electron powder diffraction in solving structures	185	(12)
J.L. Labar
Gas-phase electron diffraction for molecular structure determination	197	(10)
I. Hargittai
Phase identification by combining local composition from EDX with information from diffraction database	207	(12)
J.L. Labar
Analysis of local structure, chemistry and bonding by electron energy loss spectroscopy	219	(16)
J. Mayer
Crystal structure determination from electron microscopy data
From Fourier series towards crystal structures	235	(24)
T.E. Weirich
A survey of conventional methods for solving the phase problem
Crystal structure determination by image deconvolution and resolution enhancement	259	(16)
H. Jiang
F.H. Li
E.I. Kauppinen
Structure determination from HREM by crystallographic image processing	275	(26)
X.D. Zou
S. Hovmoller
3D reconstruction of inorganic crystals	301	(20)
X.D. Zou
S. Hovmoller
Theory and application
Solving and refining crystal structures from electron diffraction data	321	(16)
C.J. Gilmore
A. Stewart
The maximum entropy method of solving crystal structures from electron diffraction data	337	(18)
C.J. Gilmore
Structure refinement by taking dynamical diffraction into account	355	(18)
J. Jansen
Multi-slice least-squares refinement
TrueImage: A software package for focal-series reconstruction in HRTEM	373	(22)
C. Kubel
A. Thust
Applications
New insights into the nanoworld of functional materials	395	(14)
G. Cox
T. Breiner
H. Hibst
U. Muller
Electron crystallography on polymorphs	409	(12)
U. Kolb
T. Gorelik
Electron crystallography in mineralogy and materials science	421	(14)
D. Nihtianova
J. Li
U. Kolb
Structures of zeolites and mesoporous crystals determined by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy	435	(8)
O. Terasaki
HRTEM investigation of nanocrystalline materials	443	(12)
A.M. Tonejc
Electron crystallography on beam sensitive materials	455	(18)
M. Tsuji
Electron microscopy and electron diffraction of polymers
Characterisation of catalysts by transmission electron microscopy	473	(18)
D. Wang
Extended abstracts
Structural investigations of cold worked iron based alloys after nitriding	491	(6)
L. Demchenko
V. Nadutov
D. Beke
L. Daroczi
Structural refinement of nanocrystalline TiO2 samples	497	(6)
I. Djerdj
A.M. Tonejc
A. Tonejc
Relation between magnetic properties and the structure of iron-based amorphous alloys determined by electron diffraction	503	(4)
O.V. Hryhoryeva
Selected issues in quantitative structure analysis of nanocrystalline alloys	507	(6)
D. M. Kepaptsoglou
M. Deanko
D. Janickovic
E. Hristoforou
P. Svec
Charge ordering and tilt modulation in multiferroic fluorides with TTB structure by electron diffraction and single crystal XRD	513	(4)
E. Montanari
S. Fabbrici
G. Calestani
A. Migliori
Electron diffraction by distorted nanocrystals	517	(6)
M.B. Shevchenko
O.V. Pobydaylo
Application of the eikonal representation
Electron microscopy investigations of glassy-like carbon	523	(4)
T.G. Shumilova
J. Akai
Ye.A. Golubev
Image deconvolution on crystals with interfaces	527	(6)
C.Y. Tang
F.H. Li
Crystal structure determination by maximum entropy image deconvolution in combination with image simulation	533
Y.M. Wang
H.B. Wang
F.H. Li