Electron Paramagnetic Resonance A Practitioners Toolkit

by Brustolon, Marina; Giamello, Elio

• ISBN13: 9780470258828
• ISBN10: 0470258829
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-02-12
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

This book offers a pragmatic guide to navigating through the complex maze of EPR/ESR spectroscopy fundamentals, techniques, and applications. Written for the scientist who is new to EPR spectroscopy, the editors have prepared a volume that de-mystifies the basic fundamentals without weighting readers down with detailed physics and mathematics, and then presents clear approaches in specific application areas. The first part presents basic fundamentals and advantages of electron paramagnetic resonance spectrscopy. The second part explores severalapplication areas including chemistry, biology, medicine, materials and geology. A frequently-asked-questions sections focuses on practicalquestions, such as the size of sample, etc. It's an ideal, hands-on reference for chemists and researchers in the pharmaceutical and materials (semiconductor) industries who are looking for a basic introduction to EPR spectroscopy.

Author Biography

Marina Brustolon is a full professor in physical chemistry at the Università degli Studi di Padova in Italy.

Elio Giamello is a full professor in inorganic chemistry at the Università degli Studi di Torino in Italy.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Contributors	p. xvii
Principles	p. 1
Introduction to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance	p. 3
Chapter Summary	p. 3
EPR Spectrum: What Is It?	p. 4
The Electron Spin	p. 5
Electron Spin in a Magnetic Field (Zeeman Effect)	p. 6
Effect of Electromagnetic Fields	p. 8
Macroscopic Collection of Electron Spins	p. 8
Observation of Magnetic Resonance	p. 10
Electron Spin in Atoms and Molecules	p. 11
Macroscopic Magnetization	p. 14
Spin Relaxation and Bloch Equations	p. 16
Nuclear Spins	p. 18
Anisotropy of the Hyperfine Interaction	p. 22
Endor	p. 25
Two Interacting Electron Spins	p. 28
Quantum Machinery	p. 31
Electron Spin in a Static Magnetic Field	p. 32
Electron Spin Coupled to a Nuclear Spin	p. 32
Electron Spin in a Zeeman Magnetic Field in the Presence of a Microwave Field	p. 34
Basic Experimental Methods in Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance	p. 37
Instrumental Components of a Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (CW-EPR) Spectrometer	p. 37
Experimental Techniques	p. 52
Acknowledgment	p. 80
References	p. 80
Bibliography	p. 82
What Can Be Studied with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance?	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Organic Radicals	p. 84
Organic Molecules with More than One Unpaired Electron	p. 92
Inorganic Radicals, Small Paramagnetic Molecules, and Isolated Atoms	p. 96
Transition Metal Ions	p. 98
Natural Systems and Processes	p. 100
Tailoring and Assembling PS for Magnetic Materials	p. 102
Industrial Applications of EPR	p. 104
References	p. 105
Bibliography	p. 107
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Liquid Phase	p. 109
General Considerations	p. 109
Generation of Radicals and Radical Ions	p. 110
Basic Interactions and Principles	p. 116
Patterns and Line Shapes of Fluid-Solution EPR Spectra	p. 120
Transition-Metal Ions	p. 132
Biradicals	p. 133
Simulation Software	p. 134
How Fluid-Solution Spectra are Analyzed	p. 135
Calculation of EPR Parameters	p. 138
Molecular Properties Mirrored by EPR Spectra in Fluid Solution	p. 139
Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization (CIDEP) and CID Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP): Methods to Study Short-Lived Radicals	p. 151
Acknowledgments	p. 154
References	p. 154
Further Reading	p. 157
Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Vector Model for Pulsed EPR	p. 162
Pulse Sequences	p. 172
Data Analysis	p. 185
Spectrometer	p. 187
References	p. 193
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra in the Solid State	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Anisotropy of the Zeeman Interaction: The g Tensor	p. 198
The Hyperfine Interaction in the Solid State	p. 209
TMIs	p. 229
EPR Spectra for S>1/2: ZFS	p. 233
References	p. 237
Simple Matrix Manipulations	p. 239
Pauli Matrices	p. 241
Transformation of Tensor Coordinates Via Matrices	p. 241
Euler Angles	p. 243
Matrix Elements of Spin-Orbit Coupling	p. 246
Origin of the g and A Values for simple TMIs	p. 246
Appendix References	p. 249
The Virtual Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Laboratory: A User Guide to ab initio Modeling	p. 251
Introduction	p. 251
Modeling Tools	p. 255
Tutorial and Case Studies	p. 262
Conclusions	p. 281
References	p. 283
Applications	p. 285
Spin Trapping	p. 287
What Is Spin Trapping and Why Use It?	p. 287
Spin Traps	p. 288
Experimental Methods	p. 317
Applications	p. 317
Spin Trapping in the Gas Phase or in the Solid State	p. 320
Availability of Spin Traps	p. 321
FAQs	p. 321
Further Readings	p. 322
Radiation Produced Radicals	p. 325
Introduction	p. 325
Interaction of Radiation with Matter	p. 326
Qualitative Detection of DNA Radicals	p. 327
Tools and Procedures for Radical Structure Determinations	p. 341
Quantitative Detection of Radicals	p. 361
Highlighted Reading	p. 374
Acknowledgments	p. 375
References	p. 375
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biochemistry and Biophysics	p. 383
Spin Labels, Paramagnetic Ions, and Oximetry	p. 383
Introduction	p. 383
Experimental Considerations	p. 386
Dynamics	p. 390
Saturation Transfer	p. 393
Two-Dimensional Pulsed EPR	p. 393
Protein Topology and SDSL	p. 394
Surface Potentials/Accessibility and SDSL	p. 394
Oximetry	p. 395
Nanoscale Distance Measurement	p. 396
References	p. 402
Photosynthesis	p. 403
Introduction	p. 403
Oxygenic Photosynthesis	p. 405
Pulse EPR Experiments on Radical Pairs	p. 419
Recombination Triplet States of the Primary Donors	p. 421
References	p. 423
Further Reading	p. 425
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Detection of Radicals in Biology and Medicine	p. 427
Free Radicals in Disease Processes	p. 427
Nature of Free Radicals Involved in Disease Processes and Potential Catalysts for Radical Formation	p. 428
Direct EPR Detection of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo	p. 428
Spin Trapping of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo	p. 430
Spin Scavenging of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo	p. 439
Spin Trapping of Nitric Oxide	p. 440
Verification of the Occurrence of Radical-Mediated Processes	p. 443
Conclusions	p. 445
Acknowledgments	p. 445
References	p. 446
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Applications to Catalytic and Porous Materials	p. 451
Introduction	p. 451
Paramagnetic TMIs	p. 453
Spin Probes	p. 475
Reaction Intermediates and Trapped Radicals	p. 482
Sample Preparation Considerations	p. 483
Summary and Outlook	p. 484
References	p. 484
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Charge Carriers in Solids	p. 489
Introduction	p. 489
Point Defects, Charge Carriers, and EPR	p. 490
Localized Electrons: Color Centers in Ionic Solids	p. 492
Aggregate Color Centers	p. 499
Localized Holes in Ionic Solids	p. 500
Charge Carriers in Semiconductors	p. 505
CESR in Metals	p. 510
References	p. 517
Appendix	p. 519
Subject Index	p. 527
Chemical Index	p. 537
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