Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design

by Neamen, Donald A.

• ISBN13: 9780256119190
• ISBN10: 0256119198
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780073380643
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: IRWIN PROFESSIONAL PUBL
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Textbook deals with the analysis and design of circuits containing semiconductor devices, such as diodes and transistors. DLC: Electronic circuit design.

Table of Contents

Semiconductor Devices and Basic Applications	p. 1
Semiconductor Materials and Diodes	p. 3
Preview	p. 3
Semiconductor Materials and Properties	p. 4
Intrinsic Semiconductors	p. 4
Extrinsic Semiconductors	p. 7
Drift and Diffusion Currents	p. 9
Excess Carriers	p. 11
The pn Junction	p. 12
The Equilibrium pn Junction	p. 12
Reverse-Biased pn Junction	p. 14
Forward-Biased pn Junction	p. 16
Ideal Current-Voltage Relationship	p. 17
pn Junction Diode	p. 18
Diode Circuits: DC Analysis and Models	p. 23
Iteration and Graphical Analysis Techniques	p. 24
Piecewise Linear Model	p. 27
Computer Simulation and Analysis	p. 30
Summary of Diode Models	p. 31
Diode Circuits: AC Equivalent Circuit	p. 31
Sinusoidal Analysis	p. 31
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit	p. 35
Other Diode Types	p. 35
Solar Cell	p. 35
Photodiode	p. 36
Light-Emitting Diode	p. 36
Schottky Barrier Diode	p. 37
Zener Diode	p. 39
Summary	p. 41
Diode Circuits	p. 49
Preview	p. 49
Rectifier Circuits	p. 50
Half-Wave Rectification	p. 50
Problem-Solving Technique: Diode Circuits	p. 51
Full-Wave Rectification	p. 53
Filters, Ripple Voltage, and Diode Current	p. 56
Voltage Doubler Circuit	p. 63
Zener Diode Circuits	p. 64
Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit	p. 64
Zener Resistance and Percent Regulation	p. 67
Clipper and Clamper Circuits	p. 68
Clippers	p. 68
Clampers	p. 72
Multiple-Diode Circuits	p. 75
Example Diode Circuits	p. 75
Problem-Solving Technique: Multiple Diode Circuits	p. 79
Diode Logic Circuits	p. 80
Photodiode and LED Circuits	p. 82
Photodiode Circuit	p. 82
LED Circuit	p. 83
Summary	p. 85
The Bipolar Junction Transistor	p. 97
Preview	p. 97
Basic Bipolar Junction Transistor	p. 97
Transistor Structures	p. 98
npn Transistor: Forward-Active Mode Operation	p. 99
pnp Transistor: Forward-Active Mode Operation	p. 104
Circuit Symbols and Conventions	p. 105
Current-Voltage Characteristics	p. 107
Nonideal Transistor Leakage Currents and Breakdown Voltage	p. 110
DC Analysis of Transistor Circuits	p. 113
Common-Emitter Circuit	p. 114
Load Line and Modes of Operation	p. 117
Problem-Solving Technique: Bipolar DC Analysis	p. 120
Common Bipolar Circuits: DC Analysis	p. 121
Basic Transistor Applications	p. 131
Switch	p. 131
Digital Logic	p. 133
Amplifier	p. 134
Bipolar Transistor Biasing	p. 138
Single Base Resistor Biasing	p. 138
Voltage Divider Biasing and Bias Stability	p. 140
Integrated Circuit Biasing	p. 145
Multistage Circuits	p. 147
Summary	p. 150
Basic BJT Amplifiers	p. 163
Preview	p. 163
Analog Signals and Linear Amplifiers	p. 163
The Bipolar Linear Amplifier	p. 165
Graphical Analysis and AC Equivalent Circuit	p. 166
Small-Signal Hybrid-[pi] Equivalent Circuit of the Bipolar Transistor	p. 170
Problem-Solving Technique: Bipolar AC Analysis	p. 175
Hybrid-[pi] Equivalent Circuit, Including the Early Effect	p. 176
Expanded Hybrid-[pi] Equivalent Circuit	p. 180
Other Small-Signal Parameters and Equivalent Circuits	p. 180
Basic Transistor Amplifier Configurations	p. 185
Common-Emitter Amplifiers	p. 189
Basic Common-Emitter Amplifier Circuit	p. 190
Circuit with Emitter Resistor	p. 192
Circuit with Emitter-Bypass Capacitor	p. 196
Advanced Common-Emitter Amplifier Concepts	p. 199
AC Load Line Analysis	p. 200
AC Load Line	p. 200
Maximum Symmetrical Swing	p. 203
Problem-Solving Technique: Maximum Symmetrical Swing	p. 204
Common-Collector (Emitter-Follower) Amplifier	p. 205
Small-Signal Voltage Gain	p. 205
Input and Output Impedance	p. 207
Small-Signal Current Gain	p. 209
Common-Base Amplifier	p. 214
Small-Signal Voltage and Current Gains	p. 214
Input and Output Impedance	p. 216
The Three Basic Amplifiers: Summary and Comparison	p. 218
Multistage Amplifiers	p. 219
Multistage Analysis: Cascade Configuration	p. 219
Cascode Configuration	p. 223
Power Considerations	p. 226
Summary	p. 229
The Field-Effect Transistor	p. 243
Preview	p. 243
MOS Field-Effect Transistor	p. 243
Two-Terminal MOS Structure	p. 244
n-Channel Enhancement-Mode MOSFET	p. 246
Ideal MOSFET Current-Voltage Characteristics	p. 248
Circuit Symbols and Conventions	p. 253
Additional MOSFET Structures and Circuit Symbols	p. 253
Summary of Transistor Operation	p. 258
Nonideal Current-Voltage Characteristics	p. 259
MOSFET DC Circuit Analysis	p. 262
Common-Source Circuit	p. 263
Load Line and Modes of Operation	p. 267
Problem-Solving Technique: MOSFET DC Analysis	p. 268
Common MOSFET Configurations: DC Analysis	p. 269
Constant-Current Source Biasing	p. 281
Basic MOSFET Applications: Switch, Digital Logic Gate, and Amplifier	p. 283
NMOS Inverter	p. 283
Digital Logic Gate	p. 285
MOSFET Small-Signal Amplifier	p. 287
Junction Field-Effect Transistor	p. 287
pn JFET and MESFET Operation	p. 288
Current-Voltage Characteristics	p. 292
Common JFET Configurations: DC Analysis	p. 295
Summary	p. 301
Basic FET Amplifiers	p. 313
Preview	p. 313
The MOSFET Amplifier	p. 313
Graphical Analysis, Load Lines, and Small-Signal Parameters	p. 314
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit	p. 318
Problem-Solving Technique: MOSFET AC Analysis	p. 320
Modeling the Body Effect	p. 322
Basic Transistor Amplifier Configurations	p. 323
The Common-Source Amplifier	p. 324
A Basic Common-Source Configuration	p. 324
Common-Source Amplifier with Source Resistor	p. 329
Common-Source Circuit with Source Bypass Capacitor	p. 331
The Source-Follower Amplifier	p. 334
Small-Signal Voltage Gain	p. 334
Input and Output Impedance	p. 339
The Common-Gate Configuration	p. 341
Small-Signal Voltage and Current Gains	p. 341
Input and Output Impedance	p. 343
The Three Basic Amplifier Configurations: Summary and Comparison	p. 345
Single-Stage Integrated Circuit MOSFET Amplifiers	p. 345
NMOS Amplifier with Enhancement Load	p. 345
NMOS Amplifier with Depletion Load	p. 350
NMOS Amplifier with PMOS Load	p. 353
Multistage Amplifiers	p. 355
DC Analysis	p. 356
Small-Signal Analysis	p. 360
Basic JFET Amplifiers	p. 362
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit	p. 362
Small-Signal Analysis	p. 364
Summary	p. 368
Frequency Response	p. 383
Preview	p. 383
Amplifier Frequency Response	p. 384
Equivalent Circuits	p. 384
Frequency Response Analysis	p. 385
System Transfer Functions	p. 386
s-Domain Analysis	p. 386
First-Order Functions	p. 388
Bode Plots	p. 388
Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Time Constants	p. 394
Frequency Response: Transistor Amplifiers with Circuit Capacitors	p. 398
Coupling Capacitor Effects	p. 398
Problem-Solving Technique: Bode Plot of Gain Magnitude	p. 404
Load Capacitor Effects	p. 405
Coupling and Load Capacitors	p. 407
Bypass Capacitor Effects	p. 410
Combined Effects: Coupling and Bypass Capacitors	p. 414
Frequency Response: Bipolar Transistor	p. 416
Expanded Hybrid-[pi] Equivalent Circuit	p. 416
Short-Circuit Current Gain	p. 418
Cutoff Frequency	p. 420
Miller Effect and Miller Capacitance	p. 422
Frequency Response: The FET	p. 426
High-Frequency Equivalent Circuit	p. 426
Unity-Gain Bandwidth	p. 428
Miller Effect and Miller Capacitance	p. 431
High-Frequency Response of Transistor Circuits	p. 433
Common-Emitter and Common-Source Circuits	p. 433
Common-Base, Common-Gate, and Cascode Circuits	p. 436
Emitter- and Source-Follower Circuits	p. 444
High-Frequency Amplifier Design	p. 448
Summary	p. 450
Output Stages and Power Amplifiers	p. 469
Preview	p. 469
Power Amplifiers	p. 469
Power Transistors	p. 470
Power BJTs	p. 470
Power MOSFETs	p. 474
Heat Sinks	p. 477
Classes of Amplifiers	p. 480
Class-A Operation	p. 481
Class-B Operation	p. 484
Class-AB Operation	p. 489
Class-C Operation	p. 493
Class-A Power Amplifiers	p. 494
Inductively Coupled Amplifier	p. 494
Transformer-Coupled Common-Emitter Amplifier	p. 495
Transformer-Coupled Emitter-Follower Amplifier	p. 497
Class-AB Push-Pull Complementary Output Stages	p. 499
Class-AB Output Stage with Diode Biasing	p. 499
Class-AB Biasing Using the V[subscript BE] Multiplier	p. 501
Class-AB Output Stage with Input Buffer Transistors	p. 504
Class-AB Output Stage Utilizing the Darlington Configuration	p. 507
Summary	p. 508
Analog Electronics	p. 519
The Ideal Operational Amplifier	p. 521
Preview	p. 521
The Operational Amplifier	p. 521
Ideal Parameters	p. 522
Development of the Ideal Parameters	p. 523
Analysis Method	p. 525
PSpice Modeling	p. 526
Inverting Amplifier	p. 526
Basic Amplifier	p. 527
Problem-Solving Technique: Ideal Op-Amp Circuits	p. 529
Amplifier with a T-Network	p. 530
Effect of Finite Gain	p. 532
Summing Amplifier	p. 534
Noninverting Amplifier	p. 536
Basic Amplifier	p. 536
Voltage Follower	p. 537
Op-Amp Applications	p. 539
Current-to-Voltage Converter	p. 539
Voltage-to-Current Converter	p. 540
Difference Amplifier	p. 543
Instrumentation Amplifier	p. 548
Integrator and Differentiator	p. 550
Nonlinear Circuit Applications	p. 553
Op-Amp Circuit Design	p. 555
Summing Op-Amp Circuit Design	p. 555
Reference Voltage Source Design	p. 558
Difference Amplifier and Bridge Circuit Design	p. 560
Summary	p. 562
Integrated Circuit Biasing and Active Loads	p. 577
Preview	p. 577
Bipolar Transistor Current Sources	p. 577
Two-Transistor Current Source	p. 578
Improved Current-Source Circuits	p. 583
Problem-Solving Technique: BJT Current Source Circuits	p. 589
Widlar Current Source	p. 589
Multitransistor Current Mirrors	p. 595
FET Current Sources	p. 598
Basic Two-Transistor MOSFET Current Source	p. 598
Problem-Solving Technique: MOSFET Current-Source Circuit	p. 602
Multi-MOSFET Current-Source Circuits	p. 603
Bias-Independent Current Source	p. 607
JFET Current Sources	p. 609
Circuits with Active Loads	p. 611
DC Analysis: BJT Active Load Circuit	p. 612
Voltage Gain: BJT Active Load Circuit	p. 614
DC Analysis: MOSFET Active Load Circuit	p. 616
Voltage Gain: MOSFET Active Load Circuit	p. 618
Discussion	p. 618
Small-Signal Analysis: Active Load Circuits	p. 619
Small-Signal Analysis: BJT Active Load Circuit	p. 619
Problem-Solving Technique: Active Loads	p. 621
Small-Signal Analysis: MOSFET Active Load Circuit	p. 622
Small-Signal Analysis: Advanced MOSFET Active Load	p. 623
Summary	p. 625
Differential and Multistage Amplifiers	p. 639
Preview	p. 639
The Differential Amplifier	p. 639
Basic BJT Differential Pair	p. 640
Terminology and Qualitative Description	p. 640
DC Transfer Characteristics	p. 643
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Analysis	p. 648
Differential- and Common-Mode Gains	p. 653
Problem-Solving Technique: Diff-Amps with Resistive Loads	p. 656
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio	p. 657
Differential- and Common-Mode Input Impedances	p. 659
Basic FET Differential Pair	p. 663
DC Transfer Characteristics	p. 663
Differential- and Common-Mode Input Impedances	p. 668
Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Analysis	p. 669
JFET Differential Amplifier	p. 672
Differential Amplifier with Active Load	p. 674
BJT Diff-Amp with Active Load	p. 674
Small-Signal Analysis of BJT Active Load	p. 676
MOSFET Differential Amplifier with Active Load	p. 679
MOSFET Diff-Amp with Cascode Active Load	p. 683
BiCMOS Circuits	p. 686
Basic Amplifier Stages	p. 686
Current Sources	p. 688
BiCMOS Differential Amplifier	p. 688
Gain Stage and Simple Output Stage	p. 690
Darlington Pair and Simple Emitter-Follower Output	p. 690
Input Impedance, Voltage Gain, and Output Impedance	p. 691
Simplified BJT Operational Amplifier Circuit	p. 695
Problem-Solving Technique: Multistage Circuits	p. 698
Diff-Amp Frequency Response	p. 699
Due to Differential-Mode Input Signal	p. 699
Due to Common-Mode Input Signal	p. 700
With Emitter-Degeneration Resistors	p. 703
With Active Load	p. 704
Summary	p. 705
Feedback and Stability	p. 727
Preview	p. 727
Introduction to Feedback	p. 727
Advantages and Disadvantages of Negative Feedback	p. 728
Use of Computer Simulation	p. 729
Basic Feedback Concepts	p. 729
Ideal Closed-Loop Gain	p. 730
Gain Sensitivity	p. 732
Bandwidth Extension	p. 734
Noise Sensitivity	p. 735
Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion	p. 738
Ideal Feedback Topologies	p. 738
Series-Shunt Configuration	p. 739
Shunt-Series Configuration	p. 743
Series-Series Configuration	p. 746
Shunt-Shunt Configuration	p. 747
Summary of Results	p. 749
Voltage (Series-Shunt) Amplifiers	p. 749
Op-Amp Circuit Representation	p. 749
Discrete Circuit Representation	p. 752
Current (Shunt-Series) Amplifiers	p. 755
Op-Amp Circuit Representation	p. 755
Simple Discrete Circuit Representation	p. 757
Discrete Circuit Representation	p. 758
Transconductance (Series-Series) Amplifiers	p. 762
Op-Amp Circuit Representation	p. 762
Discrete Circuit Representation	p. 764
Transresistance (Shunt-Shunt) Amplifiers	p. 768
Op-Amp Circuit Representation	p. 768
Discrete Circuit Representation	p. 770
Loop Gain	p. 778
Basic Approach	p. 779
Computer Analysis	p. 781
Stability of the Feedback Circuit	p. 784
The Stability Problem	p. 785
Bode Plots: One-, Two-, and Three-Pole Amplifiers	p. 785
Nyquist Stability Criterion	p. 789
Phase and Gain Margins	p. 793
Frequency Compensation	p. 795
Basic Theory	p. 795
Problem-Solving Technique: Frequency Compensation	p. 796
Closed-Loop Frequency Response	p. 797
Miller Compensation	p. 798
Summary	p. 800
Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 817
Preview	p. 817
General Op-Amp Circuit Design	p. 817
General Design Philosophy	p. 818
Circuit Element Matching	p. 819
A Bipolar Operational Amplifier Circuit	p. 820
Circuit Description	p. 820
DC Analysis	p. 823
Small-Signal Analysis	p. 830
Frequency Response	p. 838
Problem-Solving Technique: Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 839
CMOS Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 839
MC14573 CMOS Operational Amplifier Circuit	p. 840
Folded Cascode CMOS Operational Amplifier Circuit	p. 843
CMOS Current-Mirror Operational Amplifier Circuit	p. 846
CMOS Cascode Current-Mirror Op-Amp Circuit	p. 847
BiCMOS Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 848
BiCMOS Folded Cascode Op-Amp	p. 849
CA3140 BiCMOS Circuit Description	p. 850
CA3140 DC Analysis	p. 852
CA3140 Small-Signal Analysis	p. 854
JFET Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 856
Hybrid FET Op-Amp, LH0022/42/52 Series	p. 857
Hybrid FET Op-Amp, LF155 Series	p. 858
Summary	p. 859
Nonideal Effects in Operational Amplifier Circuits	p. 871
Preview	p. 871
Practical Op-Amp Parameters	p. 871
Practical Op-Amp Parameter Definitions	p. 872
Input and Output Voltage Limitations	p. 873
Finite Open-Loop Gain	p. 875
Inverting Amplifier Closed-Loop Gain	p. 875
Noninverting Amplifier Closed-Loop Gain	p. 878
Inverting Amplifier Closed-Loop Input Resistance	p. 879
Noninverting Amplifier Closed-Loop Input Resistance	p. 881
Nonzero Output Resistance	p. 883
Frequency Response	p. 885
Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Frequency Response	p. 885
Gain-Bandwidth Product	p. 887
Slew Rate	p. 888
Offset Voltage	p. 892
Input Stage Offset Voltage Effects	p. 893
Offset Voltage Compensation	p. 901
Input Bias Current	p. 906
Bias Current Effects	p. 906
Bias Current Compensation	p. 907
Additional Nonideal Effects	p. 909
Temperature Effects	p. 909
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio	p. 911
Summary	p. 911
Applications and Design of Integrated Circuits	p. 923
Preview	p. 923
Active Filters	p. 924
Active Network Design	p. 924
General Two-Pole Active Filter	p. 926
Two-Pole Low-Pass Butterworth Filter	p. 927
Two-Pole High-Pass Butterworth Filter	p. 929
Higher-Order Butterworth Filters	p. 931
Switched-Capacitor Filter	p. 933
Oscillators	p. 937
Basic Principles of Oscillation	p. 937
Phase-Shift Oscillator	p. 938
Wien-Bridge Oscillator	p. 941
Additional Oscillator Configurations	p. 945
Schmitt Trigger Circuits	p. 947
Comparator	p. 948
Basic Inverting Schmitt Trigger	p. 951
Additional Schmitt Trigger Configurations	p. 954
Schmitt Triggers with Limiters	p. 959
Nonsinusoidal Oscillators and Timing Circuits	p. 960
Schmitt Trigger Oscillator	p. 961
Monostable Multivibrator	p. 963
The 555 Circuit	p. 965
Integrated Circuit Power Amplifiers	p. 972
LM380 Power Amplifier	p. 972
PA12 Power Amplifier	p. 975
Bridge Power Amplifier	p. 977
Voltage Regulators	p. 978
Basic Regulator Description	p. 978
Output Resistance and Load Regulation	p. 978
Simple Series-Pass Regulator	p. 980
Positive Voltage Regulator	p. 982
Summary	p. 986
Digital Electronics	p. 1001
MOSFET Digital Circuits	p. 1003
Preview	p. 1003
NMOS Inverters	p. 1003
n-Channel MOSFET Revisited	p. 1004
NMOS Inverter Transfer Characteristics	p. 1007
Noise Margin	p. 1019
Body Effect	p. 1024
Transient Analysis of NMOS Inverters	p. 1026
NMOS Logic Circuits	p. 1028
NMOS NOR and NAND Gates	p. 1028
NMOS Logic Circuits	p. 1032
Fanout	p. 1033
CMOS Inverter	p. 1034
p-Channel Mosfet Revisited	p. 1035
DC Analysis of the CMOS Inverter	p. 1036
Power Dissipation	p. 1043
Noise Margin	p. 1045
CMOS Logic Circuits	p. 1048
Basic CMOS NOR and NAND Gates	p. 1048
Complex CMOS Logic Circuits	p. 1052
Fanout and Propagation Delay Time	p. 1054
Clocked CMOS Logic Circuits	p. 1055
Transmission Gates	p. 1058
NMOS Transmission Gate	p. 1058
NMOS Pass Networks	p. 1063
CMOS Transmission Gate	p. 1065
CMOS Pass Networks	p. 1067
Sequential Logic Circuits	p. 1067
Dynamic Shift Registers	p. 1068
R-S Flip-Flop	p. 1070
D Flip-Flop	p. 1072
CMOS Full-Adder Circuit	p. 1074
Memories: Classifications and Architectures	p. 1075
Classifications of Memories	p. 1075
Memory Architecture	p. 1076
Address Decoders	p. 1077
RAM Memory Cells	p. 1079
NMOS SRAM Cells	p. 1079
CMOS SRAM Cells	p. 1081
SRAM Read/Write Circuitry	p. 1085
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Cells	p. 1087
Read-Only Memory	p. 1089
ROM and PROM Cells	p. 1089
EPROM and EEPROM Cells	p. 1090
Summary	p. 1093
Bipolar Digital Circuits	p. 1113
Preview	p. 1113
Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)	p. 1113
Differential Amplifier Circuit Revisited	p. 1114
Basic ECL Logic Gate	p. 1116
ECL Logic Circuit Characteristics	p. 1120
Voltage Transfer Characteristics	p. 1124
Modified ECL Circuit Configurations	p. 1125
Low-Power ECL	p. 1125
Alternative ECL Gates	p. 1128
Series Gating	p. 1131
Propagation Delay Time	p. 1134
Transistor-Transistor Logic	p. 1135
Basic Diode-Transistor Logic Gate	p. 1136
The Input Transistor of TTL	p. 1138
Basic TTL NAND Circuit	p. 1141
TTL Output Stages and Fanout	p. 1143
Tristate Output	p. 1148
Schottky Transistor-Transistor Logic	p. 1149
Schottky Clamped Transistor	p. 1149
Schottky TTL NAND Circuit	p. 1152
Low-Power Schottky TTL Circuits	p. 1153
Advanced Schottky TTL Circuits	p. 1155
BiCMOS Digital Circuits	p. 1157
BiCMOS Inverter	p. 1157
BiCMOS Logic Circuit	p. 1158
Summary	p. 1159
Appendixes
Physical Constants and Conversion Factors	p. 1173
Introduction to Pspice	p. 1175
Preview	p. 1175
Introduction	p. 1175
Drawing the Circuit	p. 1176
Type of Analysis	p. 1176
Displaying Results of Simulation	p. 1177
Example Analyses	p. 1177
Selected Manufacturers' Data Sheets	p. 1183
Standard Resistor and Capacitor Values	p. 1195
Carbon Resistors	p. 1195
Precision Resistors (One Percent Tolerance)	p. 1196
Capacitors	p. 1196
Reading List	p. 1199
Answers to Selected Problems	p. 1203
Index	p. 1211
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.