Electrophysiology of Vision: Clinical Testing and Applications

by Lam; Byron L.

• ISBN13: 9780824740689
• ISBN10: 0824740688
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-02-28
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Univ. of Miami School of Medicine, FL. Provides practical information on the clinical recording techniques, physiologic origins, and applications of electroretinogram (ERG) tests. Also covers electro-oculogram (EOG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) tests. Discusses clinical applications for these tests in ocular vascular disorders and non-organic visual loss.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
I. Clinical Recording Techniques
1. Full-Field Electroretinogram	1	(64)
Clinical Use of Full-Field ERG	1	(5)
Retinal Electrical Responses	6	(1)
Clinical Recording of Full-Field ERG	6	(14)
Physiologic Origin of the Full-Field ERG	20	(4)
ERG Fluctuation Related to Circadian Rhythm	24	(1)
Negative ERG-Selective Reduction of b-Wave	24	(1)
Advanced Clinical Full-Field ERG Topics	25	(13)
Specialized ERG Recordings and Waveforms	38	(9)
Basic Retinal Anatomy and Physiology as Related to ERG	47	(18)
2. Focal and Multifocal Electroretinogram	65	(26)
Focal Electroretinogram	67	(1)
Multifocal Electroretinogram	68	(2)
Multifocal ERG Recording Environment and Patient Set-Up	70	(1)
Multifocal ERG Stimulus	71	(1)
Recording Multifocal ERG	71	(3)
First-Order "Response" of Multifocal ERG	74	(4)
Displaying Multifocal ERG Results	78	(1)
Physiologic Blind Spot in Multifocal ERG	79	(2)
Second-Order "Response" of the Multifocal ERG	81	(2)
Specialized Multifocal ERG Techniques and Waveforms	83	(8)
3. Pattern Electroretinogram	91	(14)
Clinical Utility of Pattern ERG	91	(2)
Basic Concepts and Physiologic Origins of Pattern ERG	93	(5)
Clinical Recording of Pattern ERG	98	(3)
Reporting Pattern ERG Results	101	(4)
4. Electro-oculogram	105	(18)
Physiologic Origins and Characteristics of EOG	105	(6)
Clinical EOG Recording-Patient Set-Up	111	(3)
Obtaining Light Peak and Dark Trough EOG Amplitudes	114	(2)
EOG Amplitude Ratio-Arden Ratio	116	(1)
Alternative EOG Method: Light-Peak to Dark-Adapted Baseline Amplitude Ratio	117	(1)
Reporting the EOG Result	117	(1)
Non-photic EOG Responses	118	(1)
Fast Oscillations of the EOG	118	(5)
5. Visual Evoked Potential	123	(28)
Clinical Utility of VEP	123	(16)
Specialized VEP Techniques	139	(12)
6. Maturation, Aging, and Testing in Infants	151	(34)
Maturation	152	(4)
Delayed Visual Maturation	156	(1)
Electrophysiologic Testing in Infants	156	(3)
Estimating Visual Acuity in Infants	159	(6)
Amblyopia	165	(2)
Aging	167	(5)
Gender	172	(13)
II. Clinical Applications
7. Overview: Clinical Indications and Disease Classification	185	(6)
Clinical Indications of Visual Electrophysiologic Tests	185	(3)
Disease Classification	188	(3)
8. Retinitis Pigmentosa and Pigmentary Retinopathies	191	(52)
Retinitis Pigmentosa (Rod-Cone Dystrophy)	192	(11)
Leber Congenital Amaurosis	203	(1)
Usher Syndrome	204	(2)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome	206	(2)
Refsum Syndrome	208	(1)
Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome)	209	(1)
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis	210	(3)
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: Mitochondrial Retinopathy	213	(1)
Rubella Retinopathy	214	(1)
Syphilitic Retinopathy	214	(1)
Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome	215	(3)
Goldmann-Favre Syndrome	218	(1)
Dominant Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration	219	(1)
Cone-Rod Dystrophy	219	(4)
Alstrom Syndrome	223	(20)
9. Stationary Night Blindness and Stationary Cone Dysfunction Disorders	243	(34)
Stationary Night Blindness Disorders	244	(17)
Stationary Cone Dysfunction Disorders	261	(16)
10. Macular Disorders	277	(54)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	278	(1)
Macular Degeneration-Autosomal Dominant, Recessive	279	(1)
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy	280	(3)
Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy/Malattia Leventinese	283	(1)
Stargardt Macular Dystrophy-Fundus Flavimaculatus	284	(6)
Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy	290	(3)
Cone Dystrophy	293	(2)
Central Cone Dystrophy (Occult Macular Dystrophy)	295	(2)
Peripheral Cone Dystrophy	297	(1)
Cone Dystrophy with Supernormal and Delayed Rod ERG (Supernormal and Delayed Rod ERG Syndrome)	297	(1)
Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy	298	(4)
Pattern Dystrophy	302	(1)
X-Linked Retinoschisis	303	(4)
Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy	307	(1)
North Carolina Macular Dystrophy (Central Areolar Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy)	308	(1)
Progressive Bifocal Chorioretinal Atrophy	309	(1)
Fenestrated Sheen Macular Dystrophy	309	(1)
Familial Internal Limiting Membrane Dystrophy	310	(21)
11. Chorioretinal Disorders	331	(12)
Choroideremia	331	(3)
Gyrate Atrophy	334	(2)
Hereditary Choroidal Atrophy	336	(1)
Helicoid Peripapillary Chorioretinal Degeneration	337	(2)
Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy	339	(4)
12. Vitreoretinal Disorders	343	(8)
Stickler Syndrome	344	(1)
Wagner Vitreoretinopathy	345	(1)
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy	346	(1)
Autosomal Dominant Vitreoretinochoroidopathy	347	(1)
Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy	347	(4)
13. Inflammatory and Immune-Related Ocular Disorders	351	(26)
Inflammatory Retinal Disorders	352	(8)
Zonal Inflammatory Retinal Disorders	360	(7)
Paraneoplastic and Immune-Related Retinopathies	367	(10)
14. Ocular Vascular Disorders	377	(30)
Vascular Occlusions	379	(13)
Other Proliferative Neovascular Disorders	392	(5)
Other Ocular Vascular Disorders	397	(10)
15. Nutritional, Toxic, and Pharmacologic Effects	407	(42)
Vitamin A Deficiency	408	(2)
Nutritional Optic Neuropathy	410	(1)
Metallic Intraocular Foreign Bodies-Ocular Siderosis	411	(3)
Methanol Poisoning	414	(1)
Synthetic Retinoids-Isotretinoin (Accutane®)	415	(1)
Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine	415	(4)
hioridazine (Mellaril®), Chlorpromazine, and Other Phenothiazines	419	(2)
Quinine	421	(4)
Deferoxamine (Desferrioxamine)	425	(3)
Vigabatrin	428	(3)
Sildenafil (Viagra®)	431	(1)
Gentamicin	432	(1)
Ethambutol	433	(1)
Cisplatin	434	(1)
Indomethacin	435	(14)
16. Non-Organic Visual Loss and Other Ocular and Systemic Disorders	449	(24)
Non-Organic Visual Loss	450	(2)
Ocular Disorders	452	(6)
Systemic Disorders	458	(15)
17. Optic Neuropathies and Central Nervous System Disorders	473	(34)
Optic Neuropathies	474	(13)
Central Nervous System Disorders	487	(20)
Index	507