Elements of Solid State Physics

by Rudden, Michael N.; Wilson, John

• ISBN13: 9780471929734
• ISBN10: 0471929735
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1993-06-07
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Elements of Solid State Physics Second Edition M. N. Rudden and J. Wilson University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK This textbook provides a basic introduction to the principles of solid state physics and semiconductor devices and will prove essential for first and second year students of physics, materials science and electrical/electronic engineering courses. It assumes no prior knowledge of quantum or statistical mechanics and relies on simple models to illustrate the physical principles. However, the opportunity has been taken in this edition to extend the concept of energy bands to a consideration of E-k curves, and certain new material has been added, notably relating to superconductivity and optoelectronic devices, including lasers, following significant developments in these areas. Elements of Solid State Physics, Second Edition, presents the student with an essentially non-mathematical approach to the subject. Arranged in a logical sequence with many clear illustrations, each chapter has a number of worked examples and discussion points, as well as questions and answers. Readers of this fully revised and updated edition will receive a thorough grounding in the principles of solid state physics and should have sufficient knowledge about modern electronic devices to proceed to more advanced texts in this area. Main Contents: Some Aspects of Modern Physics; Structure of Crystalline Solids; Theories of Conduction and Magnetism; Energy Bands in Solids; Quantum Theory of Conduction; Semiconductor Devices.

Author Biography

Michael N. Rudden and John Wilson are the authors of Elements of Solid State Physics, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface to First Edition	ix	(2)
Preface to Second Edition	xi	(2)
Prologue	xiii
1 SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN PHYSICS	1	(32)
1.1 The formula for blackbody radiation	2	(4)
1.2 The specific heat of solids	6	(2)
1.3 The photoelectric effect	8	(5)
1.4 de Broglie's hypothesis	13	(4)
1.5 Heisenberg's uncertainty principle	17	(2)
1.6 Spectral lines	19	(1)
1.7 Atomic structure	20	(2)
1.8 The Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom	22	(8)
1.9 Summary	30	(1)
Problems	30	(3)
2 STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS	33	(46)
2.1 Structure of solids	34	(1)
2.2 X-ray diffraction by crystals	35	(4)
2.2.1 X-ray diffraction -- the powder method	38	(1)
2.3 The geometry of perfect crystals	39	(3)
2.3.1 Centre of symmetry	39	(2)
2.3.2 Axes of symmetry	41	(1)
2.3.3 Symmetry planes	41	(1)
2.3.4 Rotational inversion symmetry	42	(1)
2.4 Bravais lattices	42	(3)
2.5 Miller indices	45	(2)
2.6 Crystal unit cell structures	47	(4)
2.6.1 Cubic structures	48	(1)
2.6.2 Hexagonal structure	49	(2)
2.7 Atomic bonds	51	(7)
2.7.1 Ionic bond	53	(2)
2.7.2 Covalent bond	55	(2)
2.7.3 Metallic bond	57	(1)
2.7.4 Other bonds	57	(1)
2.8 Real crystals	58	(1)
2.9 Defects in crystalline materials	58	(6)
2.9.1 Point defects	58	(1)
2.9.2 Line defects	59	(3)
2.9.3 Plane defects	62	(1)
2.9.4 Phonons	63	(1)
2.10 Crystal growing techniques	64	(4)
2.10.1 The Czochralski method	66	(1)
2.10.2 The Bridgman-Stockbarger method	66	(2)
2.10.3 The floating-zone method	68	(1)
2.11 Device fabrication	68	(8)
2.12 Summary	76	(1)
Problems	76	(3)
3 THEORIES OF CONDUCTION AND MAGNETISM	79	(38)
3.1 Charge carriers in solids	80	(1)
3.2 Conduction in metals--classical approach	81	(6)
3.2.1 Ohm's law	82	(3)
3.2.2 Wiedemann-Franz law	85	(2)
3.3 Breakdown of the classical theory of conduction	87	(5)
3.3.1 Mean free paths	87	(1)
3.3.2 Specific heats	88	(1)
3.3.3 The Hall effect	88	(3)
3.3.4 Additive nature of resistivity	91	(1)
3.4 The magnetic properties of solids	92	(7)
3.4.1 Atomic theory of magnetism	94	(5)
3.5 Classification of types of magnetism	99	(12)
3.5.1 Diamagnetism	102	(1)
3.5.2 Paramagnetism	103	(1)
3.5.3 Ferromagnetism	103	(6)
3.5.4 Ferrimagnetism	109	(2)
3.6 Superconductivity	111	(2)
3.7 Summary	113	(1)
Problems	114	(3)
4 ENERGY BANDS IN SOLIDS	117	(30)
4.1 The wave equation	117	(4)
4.1.1 Stationary states	118	(1)
4.1.2 Physical interpretation of (Psi)	119	(2)
4.2 Solution of the Schrodinger equation for a particle in a one-dimensional box	121	(3)
4.3 Solution of the Schrodinger equation for a particle in a three-dimensional box	124	(3)
4.4 Removal of degeneracy	127	(1)
4.5 Aggregates of atoms	128	(7)
4.5.1 Origin of energy bands	128	(3)
4.5.2 The Kronig-Penney model	131	(3)
4.5.3 The motion of electrons	134	(1)
4.6 The Fermi level	135	(3)
4.7 Experimental investigation of energy bands	138	(3)
4.8 Classical and quantum statistics	141	(3)
4.9 Classification of solids according to band theory	144	(1)
4.10 Summary	145	(1)
Problems	145	(2)
5 QUANTUM THEORY OF CONDUCTION	147	(36)
5.1 The behaviour of electrons in energy bands	147	(11)
5.1.1 Filled bands	147	(1)
5.1.2 Partially filled bands	148	(3)
5.1.3 Positive holes	151	(5)
5.1.4 Mean free paths	156	(2)
5.2 The electronic properties of semiconductors	158	(4)
5.2.1 Intrinsic semiconductors	158	(1)
5.2.2 Extrinsic semiconductors	159	(3)
5.3 The Fermi level in semiconductors	162	(3)
5.4 Conductivity of semiconductors	165	(4)
5.5 The optical properties of semiconductors	169	(9)
5.5.1 The Haynes-Shockley experiment	172	(6)
5.6 Thermionic emission	178	(2)
5.7 Summary	180	(1)
Problems	181	(2)
6 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES	183	(58)
6.1 Metal-metal junctions	183	(6)
6.2 Metal-semiconductor junctions	189	(5)
6.3 Semiconductor-semiconductor junction devices	194	(9)
6.3.1 The pn junction diode	194	(3)
6.3.2 The pn junction without an applied bias	197	(2)
6.3.3 The pn junction with an external applied bias	199	(4)
6.4 Reverse bias breakdown	203	(4)
6.4.1 Zener breakdown	204	(1)
6.4.2 Avalanche breakdown	204	(3)
6.5 The tunnel diode	207	(3)
6.6 Junction capacitance	210	(1)
6.7 Slope resistance r(e)	211	(1)
6.8 The bipolar junction transistor	212	(8)
6.8.1 The npn transistor	214	(1)
6.8.2 The pnp transistor	215	(1)
6.8.3 Transistor characteristics and gain parameters	216	(3)
6.8.4 Switching mode	219	(1)
6.9 Field effect transistors	220	(6)
6.9.1 The junction field effect transistor	221	(2)
6.9.2 The metal oxide semiconductor transistor	223	(3)
6.10 Optoelectronic devices	226	(12)
6.10.1 Photodetectors	226	(2)
6.10.2 Photodiodes	228	(3)
6.10.3 Light emission	231	(7)
6.11 Concluding remarks	238	(1)
Problems	239	(2)
Suggested Reading List	241	(4)
Discussion Questions	245	(4)
Answers to Problems	249	(4)
Appendices	253	(8)
Appendix 1 Properties of Semiconducting Materials (at 300 K)	253	(2)
Appendix 2 SI Units and Values of Physical Quantities	255	(2)
Appendix 3 Motion of an Electron in a Periodic Lattice: The Kronig-Penney Model	257	(4)
Index	261