Embedded System Design

by Marwedel, Peter

• ISBN13: 9781402076909
• ISBN10: 1402076908
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780387300870
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Embedded systems can be defined as information processing systems embedded into enclosing products such as cars, telecommunication or fabrication equipment. Such systems come with a large number of common characteristics, including real-time constraints, and dependability as well as efficiency requirements. Following the success of information technology (IT) for office and workflow applications, embedded systems are considered to be the most important application area of IT during the coming years. This importance of embedded systems is so far not well reflected in many of the current curricula. Embedded System Design is intended as an aid for changing this situation. It provides the material for a first course on embedded systems, but can also be used by PhD students and professors. A key goal of this book is to provide an overview of embedded system design and to relate the most important topics in embedded system design to each other. It should help to motivate students as well as professors to put more emphasis on education in embedded systems. In order to facilitate teaching from this book, slides, exercises and other related material can be downloaded via the author's web page.

Author Biography

Dr. Peter Marwedel received his PhD in Physics from the University of Kiel in 1974. He is one of the early researchers in high level synthesis, working on the MIMOLA system for a number of years. Dr. Marwedel is a professor at the University of Dortmund since 1989. He has served as the chairman of the computer science department, has played a leading role in establishing the Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE) conference and is the chairman of the Informatik Centrum Dortmund (ICD), a technology transfer centre.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Terms and scope	p. 1
Application areas	p. 5
Growing importance of embedded systems	p. 8
Structure of this book	p. 9
Specifications	p. 13
Requirements	p. 13
Models of computation	p. 16
StateCharts	p. 18
Modeling of hierarchy	p. 19
Timers	p. 23
Edge labels and StateCharts semantics	p. 24
Evaluation and extensions	p. 26
General language characteristics	p. 27
Synchronous and asynchronous languages	p. 27
Process concepts	p. 28
Synchronization and communication	p. 28
Specifying timing	p. 29
Using non-standard I/O devices	p. 30
SDL	p. 30
Petri nets	p. 36
Introduction	p. 36
Condition/event nets	p. 40
Place/transition nets	p. 40
Predicate/transition nets	p. 42
Evaluation	p. 44
Message Sequence Charts	p. 44
UML	p. 45
Process networks	p. 50
Task graphs	p. 50
Asynchronous message passing	p. 53
Synchronous message passing	p. 55
Java	p. 58
VHDL	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Entities and architectures	p. 60
Multi-valued logic and IEEE 1164	p. 62
VHDL processes and simulation semantics	p. 69
SystemC	p. 73
Verilog and System Verilog	p. 75
SpecC	p. 76
Additional languages	p. 77
Levels of hardware modeling	p. 79
Language comparison	p. 82
Dependability requirements	p. 83
Embedded System Hardware	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Input	p. 88
Sensors	p. 88
Sample-and-hold circuits	p. 90
A/D-converters	p. 91
Communication	p. 93
Requirements	p. 94
Electrical robustness	p. 95
Guaranteeing real-time behavior	p. 96
Examples	p. 97
Processing Units	p. 98
Overview	p. 98
Application-Specific Circuits (ASICs)	p. 100
Processors	p. 100
Reconfigurable Logic	p. 115
Memories	p. 118
Output	p. 120
D/A-converters	p. 121
Actuators	p. 122
Embedded Operating Systems, Middleware, and Scheduling	p. 125
Prediction of execution times	p. 126
Scheduling in real-time systems	p. 127
Classification of scheduling algorithms	p. 128
Aperiodic scheduling	p. 131
Periodic scheduling	p. 135
Resource access protocols	p. 140
Embedded operating systems	p. 143
General requirements	p. 143
Real-time operating systems	p. 144
Middleware	p. 148
Real-time data bases	p. 148
Access to remote objects	p. 149
Implementing Embedded Systems: Hardware/Software Codesign	p. 151
Task level concurrency management	p. 153
High-level optimizations	p. 157
Floating-point to fixed-point conversion	p. 157
Simple loop transformations	p. 159
Loop tiling/blocking	p. 160
Loop splitting	p. 163
Array folding	p. 165
Hardware/software partitioning	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
COOL	p. 168
Compilers for embedded systems	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Energy-aware compilation	p. 178
Compilation for digital signal processors	p. 181
Compilation for multimedia processors	p. 184
Compilation for VLIW processors	p. 184
Compilation for network processors	p. 185
Compiler generation, retargetable compilers and design space exploration	p. 185
Voltage Scaling and Power Management	p. 186
Dynamic Voltage Scaling	p. 186
Dynamic power management (DPM)	p. 189
Actual design flows and tools	p. 190
SpecC methodology	p. 190
IMEC tool flow	p. 191
The COSYMA design flow	p. 194
Ptolemy II	p. 195
The OCTOPUS design flow	p. 196
Validation	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Simulation	p. 200
Rapid Prototyping and Emulation	p. 201
Test	p. 201
Scope	p. 201
Design for testability	p. 202
Self-test programs	p. 205
Fault simulation	p. 206
Fault injection	p. 207
Risk- and dependability analysis	p. 207
Formal Verification	p. 209
Bibliography	p. 212
About the author	p. 227
List of Figures	p. 229
Index	p. 237
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