Emergency Medical Technician

by Chapleau, Will

• ISBN13: 9780323032728
• ISBN10: 0323032729
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-01
• Publisher: JONES & BARTLETT PUBLISHERS

Summary

Immerse yourself in an unrivalled EMT learning experience with Emergency Medical Technician: Making the Difference. MosbyJems unbeatable combination of a text, DVD, and online resources teach you not only the skills you need to know, but the when and why to perform them. Youll discover step-by-step skills with detailed instructions and clear photos in the text, reinforced by case scenarios in every chapter. The DVD takes you even further, showing real EMTs performing the skills, up close! Youll use the workbook for review and test prep, and go online to access Evolve resources for deeper study. Put it all together, and you will learn! And when you learn, you succeed! Chapter Outlines, Lesson Goals, and Chapter Objectives begin each chapter. Step-by-Step Skills in the text are broken down with detailed instructions and clear photographs, allowing you to clearly see the skills you need to perform. The companion DVD contains more than 40 skills demonstrations, performed the right way by real practitioners. Plus, 20 medical animations demonstrate anatomy and physiology concepts and pathophysiological processes. Case Scenarios reinforce key concepts and skills, allowing you to see how core concepts are applied in the field. Ask Yourself critical thinking boxes promote problem solving skills. Teamwork boxes explain how EMTs interact with other professionals on specific tasks, addressing the need for cooperation. Special Considerations boxes address exceptions to the rules that you may encounter in the field. Special Populations boxes discuss common complications patients with special challenges may face and call attention to relevant cultural considerations. Nuts and Bolts review section at the end of each chapter contains Critical Points, a detailed Learning Checklist, Key Terms with definitions, and the National Standard Curriculum (NSC) Objectives giving you a one-stop refresher.

Table of Contents

Preparatory
Introduction to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems	p. 1
Emergencies	p. 2
Components of an EMS system	p. 3
Regulations Policies, and Protocols	p. 3
Resource Management	p. 3
Human Resources and Training	p. 3
Transportation	p. 3
Medical Facilities	p. 3
Communications	p. 4
Public Information and Education	p. 5
Medical Oversight	p. 5
Trauma Systems	p. 5
Evaluation	p. 5
Access to the EMS System	p. 7
Levels of Training for Prehospital Care Providers	p. 8
First Responder	p. 8
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)	p. 8
EMT-Intermediate	p. 8
Paramedic	p. 8
In-Hospital Care Systems	p. 8
Role of the EMT	p. 10
Scene Safety	p. 10
Patient Care	p. 11
Personal Traits	p. 11
Medical Oversight	p. 12
Specific Statutes and Regulations	p. 13
Well-Being of the Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)	p. 18
Stressful Situations	p. 20
Emotional Aspects of Emergency Care	p. 21
Death and Dying	p. 21
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	p. 25
Burnout	p. 25
Stress Management	p. 25
Recognizing Warning Signs	p. 25
Lifestyle Changes	p. 26
Balance	p. 26
Family and Friends	p. 26
Work Environment Changes	p. 26
Professional Help	p. 27
Critical Incident Stress Management	p. 27
Personal Precautions	p. 28
Risks Facing EMTs	p. 28
Infection Control	p. 28
Personal Protection Equipment	p. 29
Contaminated Equipment	p. 32
Specialized Training	p. 33
Immunizations	p. 33
Exposure Notification and Testing	p. 33
Scene Safety	p. 33
Motor Vehicle Crashes or Rescues	p. 33
Hazardous Materials	p. 34
Violence	p. 34
Physically Unstable Scenes	p. 35
Patient Protection	p. 35
Bystander Protection	p. 35
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Emergency Medical Services (EMS)	p. 40
Scope of Potential Legal Liability	p. 43
Overview of the Legal System	p. 43
Anatomy of an EMS Lawsuit	p. 44
Key Laws Governing EMS	p. 46
Maintaining Certification: A Personal Responsibility	p. 46
The Role of Physicians and Other Medical Professionals	p. 47
Standard of Care and Ethical Responsibility	p. 47
Quality of Life	p. 48
Unethical Situations	p. 48
Principles of Negligence	p. 48
The Immunity Defense	p. 50
Risk Management: A Personal Responsibility	p. 51
Bad Attitudes and Poor Communication: The Liability of Apathy	p. 53
Ethical and Legal Consent Issues and Refusal of Care	p. 54
Living Wills and Advance Directives Limiting Treatment	p. 57
Scope of Practice Issues	p. 58
Completing Accurate and Legal Patient Care Documentation	p. 59
Documenting Care Provided to the Patient by Others	p. 60
Changing the Patient Care Report	p. 60
Five Simple Ways to Improve Your Documentation Skills	p. 61
Confidentiality and Privacy Rights of the Patient: A New Wave of Protection	p. 62
The Patient Care Report: A Legally Protected Medical Record	p. 62
Superprotection for Specific Patient Situations	p. 63
Incident Reporting	p. 63
Testifying in Court	p. 64
The Role of Insurance in EMS	p. 65
The Future of EMS Law and Litigation	p. 65
The Human Body	p. 70
Body Directional Terms	p. 72
Regions of the Body	p. 73
The Abdominal Quadrants	p. 74
Body Systems	p. 74
The Respiratory System	p. 74
The Cardiovascular System	p. 75
The Nervous System	p. 81
The Musculoskeletal System	p. 81
The Integumentary System	p. 89
The Gastrointestinal and Urinary Systems	p. 89
The Reproductive System	p. 91
The Endocrine System	p. 91
The Lymphatic System	p. 92
Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History	p. 96
Baseline Vital Signs	p. 99
Respirations	p. 100
Rate	p. 101
Quality	p. 102
Pattern	p. 103
Pulse	p. 105
Rate	p. 105
Quality	p. 107
Skin	p. 107
Color	p. 107
Temperature	p. 108
Condition	p. 108
Capillary Refill	p. 108
Pupils	p. 108
Blood Pressure	p. 109
Auscultated Blood Pressure	p. 109
Palpated Blood Pressure	p. 112
Reassessment	p. 112
Sample History	p. 112
S-Signs and Symptoms	p. 112
A-Allergies	p. 113
M-Medications	p. 113
P-Past Medical History	p. 114
L-Last Oral Intake	p. 114
E-Events Preceding	p. 114
Bystander Information	p. 114
Lifting and Moving Patients	p. 120
The Role of the Emergency Medical Technician	p. 122
Lifting and Moving Patients Safely	p. 122
Body Mechanics	p. 122
Principles of Lifting and Moving	p. 123
Lifts, Drags, Takedowns, and Carries	p. 123
Wheeled Stretcher Operations	p. 123
Emergency Moves	p. 124
Nonemergency Moves	p. 127
Transporting Patients Safely	p. 127
Patient Positioning	p. 136
Patient Safety Restraints	p. 137
Transportation Devices	p. 138
Airway
Airway Management	p. 142
Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology	p. 144
Respiration and Ventilation	p. 144
Normal Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract	p. 145
Breathing	p. 145
Assessment	p. 151
Airway	p. 151
Breathing	p. 152
Management	p. 153
Opening of the Airway	p. 153
Suctioning of the Airway	p. 153
Airway Adjuncts	p. 156
Assisted Ventilation	p. 159
Supplemental Oxygen	p. 169
Patient Assessment
Scene Size-up	p. 180
Scene Size-Up Factors	p. 182
Scene Safely	p. 182
Entering the Scene	p. 185
Determining What Happened	p. 187
Common Mechanisms of Injury	p. 187
Nature of Illness	p. 188
Patient Numbers	p. 189
Additional Assistance	p. 189
Initial Patient Assessment	p. 194
General Impression	p. 197
Assessing the Patient's Mental Status	p. 200
Assessing the Patient's Airway	p. 203
Assessing the Patient's Breathing	p. 203
Assessing the Patient's Circulation	p. 203
Prioritizing Patients for Care and Transport	p. 204
Focused History and Physical Examination of Trauma Patients	p. 210
Significant Mechanisms of Injury	p. 213
Restraint System Injuries	p. 213
Considerations After Scene Size-Up and Initial Assessment	p. 214
Who Needs a Rapid Trauma Assessment?	p. 214
Why Do a Rapid Trauma Assessment?	p. 214
Elements of a Rapid Trauma Assessment	p. 215
Focused Trauma Assessment	p. 222
Focused History and Physical Examination of Medical Patients	p. 226
Scene Size-Up	p. 228
Initial Assessment	p. 228
Focused History and Physical Exam: Medical	p. 229
Assessing the History of the Present Illness	p. 229
Medical Patient Assessments	p. 231
Providing Emergency Medical Care	p. 238
Specific Chief Complaint: Known History	p. 238
Specific Chief Complaint: No Known History	p. 238
Unresponsive Medical Patient	p. 239
The Detailed Physical Examination	p. 242
The DCAPBTLS Method	p. 245
Head	p. 245
Face	p. 245
Eyes	p. 245
Ears	p. 246
Nose	p. 246
Mouth	p. 247
Neck	p. 247
Chest	p. 247
Abdomen	p. 249
Pelvis	p. 250
Extremities	p. 250
Back	p. 250
Vital Signs	p. 251
Other Assessment Tools	p. 251
Ongoing Assessment	p. 260
Repeat the Initial Assessment	p. 262
Reassess and Record Vital Signs	p. 263
Repeat the Focused Assessment	p. 264
Check Interventions	p. 264
Communications	p. 268
Communication Model	p. 270
Encoding and Decoding	p. 270
Feedback	p. 271
Interference	p. 271
Patient Communication	p. 272
Setting	p. 272
Approach	p. 274
Communication Techniques	p. 276
Nonverbal Communication	p. 277
Pitfalls of Communication	p. 278
Family and Friends	p. 279
Communication Barriers	p. 279
Elderly Patients	p. 282
Remote Communication	p. 282
Communication Systems	p. 282
Federal Communications Commission	p. 287
Radio Procedures	p. 289
Hospital Communications	p. 290
Communication with Medical Direction	p. 290
Hospital Notification	p. 290
Verbal Reports	p. 291
Documentation	p. 296
Components of the Written Report	p. 298
Minimum Data Set	p. 298
Synchronous Clocks	p. 298
Functions of the Written Report	p. 299
Continuity of Care	p. 299
Legal Implications	p. 299
Educational Tool	p. 301
Administrative Uses	p. 302
Research	p. 302
Evaluation and Continuous Quality Improvement	p. 302
Form Types	p. 302
Sections of the Report	p. 302
Run Data	p. 304
Patient Data	p. 304
Check Boxes	p. 304
Patient Narrative	p. 304
Confidentiality	p. 306
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act	p. 307
Falsification	p. 307
Patient Refusal	p. 307
Special Situations/Incident Reporting	p. 307
Error Corrections	p. 307
Multiple-Casualty Incidents	p. 309
Special Situation Reports	p. 309
Medical and Behavioral Emergencies
Pharmacology	p. 314
Drugs and Their Effects	p. 316
Drug Names	p. 317
Forms of Medication	p. 317
Vital Drug Information	p. 319
Assisted Patient Medication Administration	p. 320
Emergency Medical Technician-Administered Medications	p. 320
Determination of Effectiveness and Reassessment	p. 321
Respiratory Emergencies	p. 324
Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology	p. 326
Upper Airway	p. 326
Lower Airway	p. 328
Mechanics of Respiration	p. 328
Gas Exchange	p. 328
Lung Volumes	p. 329
Control of Respiration	p. 329
Assessment of the Respiratory System	p. 330
Adequate Breathing	p. 330
Breathing Status Assessment	p. 331
Pediatric Considerations	p. 332
Inadequate Breathing	p. 332
Respiratory Distress	p. 333
Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Distress	p. 333
Additional Assessment	p. 333
Treatment for Respiratory Distress	p. 334
Oxygen Therapy	p. 334
Ventilation	p. 334
Oxygenation versus Ventilation	p. 335
Common Respiratory Conditions	p. 335
Anaphylaxis	p. 336
Pulmonary Edema	p. 336
Emphysema	p. 337
Chronic Bronchitis	p. 338
Pulmonary Embolism	p. 338
Hyperventilation	p. 338
Airway Obstruction	p. 339
Prescribed Inhalers	p. 339
Indications for Inhaler Use	p. 339
Contraindications for Inhaler Use	p. 341
Pediatric Concerns	p. 341
Cardiovascular Emergencies	p. 346
Review of the Circulatory System	p. 349
Anatomy	p. 349
Physiology	p. 351
Cardiac Compromise	p. 352
Assessment	p. 352
Nitroglycerin	p. 353
Reassessment	p. 354
Transport	p. 356
Basic Life Support	p. 356
Automated External Defibrillation	p. 361
Overview of the Automated External Defibrillator	p. 361
Advantages of the Automated External Defibrillator	p. 363
Automated External Defibrillator Operation	p. 363
Standard Operational Procedures	p. 365
Single Rescuer with Automated External Defibrillator	p. 365
Postresuscitation Care	p. 366
Skills Maintenance	p. 367
Vascular Emergencies	p. 367
Aneurysms	p. 367
Aortic Dissection	p. 367
Vascular Occlusions	p. 367
Deep Vein Thrombosis	p. 370
Gastrointestinal/Genitourinary Emergencies	p. 378
Gastrointestinal System	p. 380
General Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology	p. 380
General Assessment	p. 385
Scene Size-up	p. 385
Initial Assessment	p. 386
History and Physical Exam	p. 386
General Treatment	p. 389
Altered Mental Status	p. 394
Altered Level of Consciousness	p. 397
General Care for Patients with Altered Mental Status	p. 398
Specific Causes of Altered Mental Status	p. 398
Diabetes	p. 399
Syncope	p. 402
Seizures	p. 402
Stroke	p. 404
Allergies	p. 411
The Immune System	p. 412
Common Causes of Allergic Reactions	p. 412
Anaphylaxis	p. 414
Assessment	p. 415
Initial Assessment	p. 415
History	p. 415
Secondary Survey and Physical Examination	p. 415
Treatment	p. 416
Pharmacology	p. 416
Poisoning and Overdose	p. 422
Routes of Exposure	p. 424
Common Poisonings	p. 426
Household Products	p. 427
Drug Abuse	p. 428
Common Bites and Stings	p. 429
Common Clinical Effects Caused by Poisons	p. 434
Poisoning Symptoms With No Known History of Exposure	p. 434
Evaluation of Poisoning	p. 435
History and Physical Exam	p. 435
Treatment of Poisoned Patients	p. 436
Environmental Emergencies	p. 444
Thermoregulation and Heat Transfer	p. 446
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer	p. 447
Hypothermia	p. 449
Risk Factors	p. 449
Local Cold Injury	p. 451
Trench Foot, Cold Urticaria, and Frostbite	p. 451
Heat Emergencies	p. 453
Heatstroke	p. 453
Heat Exhaustion	p. 454
Heat Cramps	p. 454
Altitude Illness	p. 454
Water-Related Environments	p. 455
Dybarism (Decompression Sickness)	p. 455
Drowning	p. 455
Trauma
Behavioral Emergencies	p. 460
Behavioral Emergencies	p. 463
General Factors Causing Altered Behavior	p. 464
Specific Reasons and Causes for Altered Behavior	p. 464
Assessing a Patient with a Behavioral Emergency	p. 465
Specific Behavioral Emergencies	p. 466
Anxiety	p. 466
Depression	p. 467
Mania	p. 468
Signs and Symptoms	p. 468
Schizophrenia	p. 468
Signs and Symptoms	p. 468
Domestic Violence	p. 469
Suicidal Patients	p. 470
Violent and Aggressive Patients	p. 471
Views on Behavioral Emergencies	p. 472
Bleeding and Shock	p. 478
Cellular Metabolism	p. 480
Circulatory System	p. 481
Intravascular Space	p. 481
Intracellular Space	p. 483
Circulatory Compromise	p. 483
Volume Loss	p. 484
Compensatory Mechanisms	p. 485
Pump Failure	p. 486
Assessment of Signs and Symptoms	p. 486
Treatment	p. 488
Consequences of Shock	p. 495
Soft Tissue Trauma	p. 500
The Skin	p. 503
Importance of Body Substance Isolation	p. 503
Major Functions of the Skin	p. 503
Layers of the Skin	p. 504
Rule of Nines	p. 504
Bleeding	p. 505
External Bleeding	p. 505
Internal Bleeding	p. 505
Closed Soft Tissue Injuries	p. 505
Contusions	p. 505
Hematomas	p. 506
Crush Injuries	p. 506
Open Soft Tissue Injuries	p. 508
Abrasions	p. 508
Lacerations	p. 508
Punctures and Impaled Objects	p. 508
Avulsions	p. 509
Amputations	p. 510
Bleeding Control	p. 510
Dressing and Bandaging	p. 510
Bleeding Control Techniques	p. 511
Burns	p. 512
Assessment and Classification	p. 512
Burn Treatments	p. 514
Special Burn Situations	p. 515
Chemical Burns	p. 515
Electrical Burns	p. 516
Chest and Abdominal Trauma	p. 520
Injury and Shock	p. 522
Mechanism of Injury	p. 522
Lateral Impacts	p. 524
Frontal Impacts	p. 52
Rollover Impacts	p. 524
Chest Injury	p. 525
Blunt Injury	p. 525
Penetrating Injury	p. 527
Assessment and Treatment	p. 529
Abdominal Injury	p. 530
Assessment and Treatment	p. 531
Crime Scene Assessment	p. 531
Musculoskeletal Trauma	p. 536
The Muscular System	p. 538
Muscular Function	p. 538
Muscle Composition	p. 538
Injuries to the Muscular System	p. 541
I. The Skeletal System	p. 542
Function of the Skeletal System	p. 542
Anatomic Locations	p. 544
Injuries of the Skeletal System	p. 548
Splinting	p. 550
Other Considerations	p. 556
Head and Spinal Trauma	p. 564
Review of the Nervous System	p. 567
The Central Nervous System	p. 567
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 568
Review of the Skeletal System	p. 571
Injuries of the Spine	p. 572
Assessing the Patient with a Possible Spinal Injury	p. 578
Immobilization	p. 579
Injuries of the Brain and Skull	p. 585
Head Injuries	p. 585
Nontraumatic Conditions	p. 593
Management of the Patient with a Head Injury	p. 593
Rapid Extrication	p. 595
Special Populations
Obstetrics and Gynecology	p. 600
Anatomy of the Female Genital Tract	p. 602
Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy	p. 602
Complications of Early Pregnancy	p. 604
Miscarriage	p. 604
Ectopic Pregnancy	p. 605
Complications of Late Pregnancy	p. 605
Placental Abruption	p. 605
Placenta Previa	p. 605
Pre-eclampsia	p. 605
Labor	p. 606
First Stage	p. 606
Second Stage	p. 607
Third Stage	p. 607
Delivery	p. 607
Decision to Transport Versus Delivery in the Field	p. 607
Preparation for Delivery	p. 608
Delivery Procedure	p. 608
Complications of Delivery	p. 612
Vaginal Bleeding	p. 612
Meconium	p. 613
Preterm Delivery	p. 613
Breech Delivery	p. 613
Shoulder Dystocia	p. 614
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord	p. 614
Limb Presentation	p. 615
Multiple Births	p. 615
Fetal Death	p. 615
Postdelivery Care of the Mother	p. 615
Postdelivery Care of the Infant: ABCs	p. 616
Trauma in Pregnancy	p. 618
Gynecologic Emergencies	p. 619
Vaginal Bleeding	p. 619
Sexual Assault	p. 619
Motor Vehicle Accidents	p. 619
Domestic Violence	p. 620
Pediatric Emergencies	p. 626
Developmental Considerations	p. 628
Infants	p. 628
Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children	p. 628
School-Age Children and Adolescents	p. 629
The Pediatric Airway	p. 629
Respiratory Distress	p. 630
Upper Airway Considerations	p. 630
Oxygen Delivery Systems	p. 631
Respiratory Failure	p. 632
Airway Adjuncts	p. 632
Anatomic Considerations and Assisted Ventilation	p. 632
Bag-Mask Ventilation	p. 633
Infant and Child Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	p. 634
Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction	p. 639
Upper Airway Obstruction	p. 639
Shock (Hypoperfusion) and Resuscitation of the Infant and Child	p. 646
Causes of Shock	p. 646
Compensated versus Decompensated Shock	p. 646
Assessment of End Organ Perfusion	p. 647
Management of the Pediatric Patient in Shock	p. 648
Pediatric Cardiac Arrest	p. 648
Pediatric Seizures	p. 649
Treatment of Seizures	p. 650
Pediatric Trauma	p. 651
Child Abuse	p. 651
Physical Abuse	p. 651
Neglect	p. 652
Abandonment	p. 653
Medical-Legal Responsibilities	p. 653
Geriatric Emergencies	p. 660
Physiologic Changes With Age	p. 662
The Respiratory System	p. 663
The Cardiovascular System	p. 663
The Skin	p. 664
The Nervous System	p. 665
Sensory Changes	p. 665
Thermoregulation	p. 666
The Immune System	p. 666
The Musculoskeletal System	p. 666
Assessment	p. 666
Scene Size-Up	p. 666
Initial Assessment	p. 666
History, Physical Examination, and Ongoing Assessment	p. 669
Reporting of Symptoms	p. 669
Medical Emergencies	p. 670
Altered Mental Status	p. 670
Chest Pain	p. 671
Respiratory Emergencies	p. 671
Abdominal Pain	p. 671
Patients with Vague, Nondescriptive Complaints	p. 671
Trauma Emergencies	p. 672
Falls	p. 672
Head Injuries	p. 672
Abuse	p. 673
Operations
Ambulance Operations	p. 678
Phases of an EMS Response	p. 680
Preparation for the Call	p. 680
Dispatch	p. 681
En Route to the Scene	p. 682
Arrival at the Scene	p. 682
Transferring the Patient to the Ambulance	p. 683
The Postrun Phase	p. 683
Air Medical Considerations	p. 683
Summary	p. 685
Response Phases	p. 685
Air Medical Transport	p. 686
Gaining Access	p. 690
Technical Rescue	p. 692
Structural Collapse Rescue	p. 693
	p. 693
	p. 694
	p. 694
	p. 695
Rope Rescue	p. 695
Confined Space Rescue	p. 696
Trench Rescue and Excavation	p. 697
Gaining Access	p. 699
Extrication	p. 700
Vehicle and Machinery Rescue	p. 700
Water Rescue	p. 702
Dive Rescue	p. 702
Ice Rescue	p. 702
Surf Rescue	p. 702
Swift Water Rescue	p. 703
Wilderness Search and Rescue	p. 703
Disasters	p. 708
Definitions	p. 712
Disaster Planning	p. 712
Response to a Disaster	p. 712
Triage	p. 713
Treatment	p. 715
Transport	p. 716
Role of Physicians	p. 717
Incident Command System	p. 717
Communications	p. 717
Resources	p. 719
Staging	p. 720
Identification	p. 720
Call Down	p. 721
Media Relations	p. 721
Aftermath and Debriefing	p. 721
Hazardous Materials	p. 726
Hazardous Materials Response and Training	p. 728
Elements of a Hazardous Materials Response	p. 729
Scene Safety	p. 729
Risk Assessment	p. 729
Incident Command Structure	p. 729
Recognition and Identification of Hazardous Materials	p. 730
Scene Size-Up	p. 730
Interagency Cooperation for Risk Reduction	p. 735
Types of Victim Exposure	p. 736
Response and Recovery	p. 736
Weapons of Mass Destruction	p. 740
Fallacies of Weapons of Mass Destruction	p. 743
Basic Principles	p. 743
Chemical Agents	p. 743
Nerve Agents	p. 744
Vesicants (Blister Agents)	p. 745
Pulmonary Toxicants	p. 746
Cyanide	p. 746
Biologic Agents	p. 746
Bacterial Agents	p. 747
Viral Agents	p. 748
Toxins	p. 749
Biologic Agents: Principles of Decontamination	p. 750
Radiologic/Nuclear Agents	p. 750
Types of Radiation Exposure	p. 750
Radiation Protection	p. 751
Sources of Radiation Exposure	p. 751
Acute Radiation Syndrome	p. 752
Treatment of the Radiation-Contaminated Patient	p. 752
Explosive Devices	p. 753
Mechanism of Blast Injury	p. 753
Advanced Airway (Elective)
Advanced Airway Management	p. 758
Airway Anatomy	p. 760
Normal Upper Airway Anatomy in the Adult	p. 760
Anatomy of the Upper Airway in Infants and Children	p. 762
Assessment	p. 763
Management Techniques	p. 763
Orotracheal Intubation of the Adult	p. 763
Orotracheal Intubation of the Infant or Child	p. 772
Nasogastric Tube Placement	p. 773
Laryngeal Mask Airway	p. 773
Esophageal/Tracheal Combitube	p. 775
Assisting Advanced Life Support Providers	p. 786
NREMT Skills Sheets	p. 788
Glossary	p. 804
Illustration Credits	p. 835
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