Emergency Medicine

by Plantz, Scott H.; Adler, Jonathan N., M.D.

• ISBN13: 9780683181074
• ISBN10: 0683181076
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-10-01
• Publisher: Williams & Wilkins

Summary

NMS Emergency Medicine provides medical students, PA students, nurse practitioners and residents with a comprehensive format for emergency medicine course and USMLE review. Due to the general nature of the specialty, this text provides a great review for boards.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii	(4)
Preface	xvii
Part I: Acute Resuscitation	3	(34)
1 Resuscitation	3	(34)
I. Discussion	3	(1)
II. Approach to the patient	4	(1)
III. Airway	4	(8)
IV. Breathing	12	(2)
V. Circulation	14	(8)
VI. Specific resuscitation situations	22	(15)
Part II: Medical Emergencies	37	(482)
2 Cardiovascular Emergencies	37	(72)
I. Chest pain	37	(3)
II. Myocardial ischemic disease	40	(11)
III. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and pulmonary edema	51	(3)
IV. Rhythm disturbances	54	(9)
V. Implanted cardiac devices	68	(6)
VI. Hypertension	69	(3)
VII. Syncope	72	(4)
VIII. Valvular disease	76	(6)
IX. Pericardial disease	82	(5)
X. Primary myocardial diseases	87	(5)
XI. Infectious endocarditis	92	(4)
XII. Vascular disease	96	(13)
3 Pulmonary Emergencies	109	(26)
I. Acute respiratory failure	109	(2)
II. Asthma	111	(2)
III. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	113	(2)
IV. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE)	115	(1)
V. Hemoptysis	116	(2)
VI. Pulmonary embolism	118	(3)
VII. Pleural effusions	121	(1)
VIII. Pneumonia	122	(3)
IX. Mycobacterial pulmonary disease	125	(3)
X. Pneumothorax	128	(7)
4 Gastrointestinal Emergencies	135	(32)
I. Abdominal pain	135	(4)
II. Esophageal disorders	139	(3)
III. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies	142	(2)
IV. Peptic ulcer disease	144	(1)
V. Gastroenteritis of infectious origin	145	(3)
VI. Intestinal disorders	148	(4)
VII. Anorectal disorders	152	(2)
VIII. Hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and appendicitis	154	(5)
IX. Hernia	159	(1)
X. Vascular disorders	160	(7)
5 Urogenital Emergencies	167	(24)
I. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)	167	(2)
II. Nephrolithiasis	169	(2)
III. Urinary retention	171	(2)
IV. Renal failure	173	(2)
V. Genital lesions	175	(4)
VI. Male urogenital problems	179	(12)
6 Infectious Disease Emergencies	191	(38)
I. Sepsis	191	(3)
II. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)	194	(5)
III. Central nervous system (CNS) infections	199	(6)
IV. Sexually transmitted diseases (other than AIDS)	205	(3)
V. Upper respiratory tract infections	208	(5)
VI. Skin and soft tissue infections	213	(4)
VII. Bone infections (osteomyelitis)	217	(1)
VIII. Other infections	218	(11)
7 Metabolic Emergencies	229	(18)
I. Sodium imbalance	229	(2)
II. Potassium imbalance	231	(3)
III. Calcium imbalance	234	(1)
IV. Magnesium imbalance	235	(2)
V. Acid-base imbalance	237	(10)
8 Endocrine Emergencies	247	(16)
I. Hypoglycemia	247	(1)
II. Diabetic ketoacidosis	248	(1)
III. Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma	249	(2)
IV. Alcoholic ketoacidosis	251	(1)
V. Lactic acidosis	252	(1)
VI. Thyroid disorders	253	(3)
VII. Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis	256	(2)
VIII. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome	258	(5)
9 Neurologic Emergencies	263	(32)
I. Altered mental status and coma	263	(5)
II. Headache	268	(5)
III. Cerebrovascular accident	273	(5)
IV. Vertigo	278	(2)
V. Seizures	280	(3)
VI. Peripheral neuropathies	283	(2)
VII. Multiple sclerosis	285	(2)
VIII. Muscle disorders	287	(2)
IX. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)	289	(6)
10 Rheumatologic and Allergic Emergencies	295	(38)
I. Anaphylaxis	295	(5)
II. Urticaria and angioedema	300	(2)
III. Neck pain	302	(5)
IV. Thoracic and lumbar back pain	307	(6)
V. Monoarticular arthritis	313	(5)
VI. Polyarticular arthritis	318	(5)
VII. Connective tissue disorders	323	(10)
11 Dermatologic Emergencies	333	(22)
I. Approach to the patient with dermatologic lesions	333	(1)
II. Disorders characterized by vesicular lesions	334	(2)
III. Disorders characterized by vesiculobullous lesions	336	(3)
IV. Disorders characterized by papulosquamous eruptions	339	(1)
V. Dermatitis	340	(1)
VI. Erythema nodosum	341	(1)
VII. Fungal skin infections	342	(1)
VIII. Parasitic skin infections	343	(2)
IX. Viral exanthems	345	(2)
X. Bacterial skin infections	347	(2)
XI. Life-threatening dermatoses	349	(6)
12 Ear, Eye, Nose, Throat, and Dental Emergencies	355	(40)
I. Eye	355	(15)
II. Ear	370	(4)
III. Nose	374	(6)
IV. Throat	380	(4)
V. Teeth, maxilla, and mandible	384	(11)
13 Psychiatric Emergencies	395	(10)
I. Organic brain disorders and psychosis	395	(1)
II. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa	396	(1)
III. Panic disorder	397	(1)
IV. Conversion reactions	398	(1)
V. Depression and suicide	399	(6)
14 Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies	405	(32)
I. Pelvic pain	405	(2)
II. Ectopic pregnancy	407	(3)
III. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy	410	(3)
IV. Hypertension in pregnancy	413	(4)
V. Emergency delivery	417	(1)
VI. Complications of parturition	417	(3)
VII. Vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)	420	(3)
VIII. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in nonpregnant patients	423	(3)
IX. Amenorrhea	426	(2)
X. Sexual assault	428	(9)
15 Pediatric Emergencies	437	(54)
I. Approach to the ill pediatric patient	437	(4)
II. Pain	441	(2)
III. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)	443	(3)
IV. Ingested foreign bodies	446	(2)
V. Respiratory tract infections	448	(11)
VI. Otitis media	459	(3)
VII. Congenital heart disease	462	(3)
VIII. Kawasaki disease	465	(2)
IX. Bacteremia, meningitis, and sepsis	467	(2)
X. Gastrointestinal disorders	469	(12)
XI. Seizures	481	(3)
XII. Child abuse	484	(7)
16 Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies	491	(28)
I. Approach to the bleeding patient	491	(5)
II. Hematologic emergencies	496	(12)
III. Oncologic emergencies	508	(11)
Part III: Traumatic Emergencies	519	(86)
17 Trauma Emergencies	519	(46)
I. Introduction	519	(1)
II. General approach to the trauma patient	519	(2)
III. Traumatic shock	521	(2)
IV. Head injuries	523	(4)
V. Spinal injuries	527	(4)
VI. Penetrating and blunt neck trauma	531	(3)
VII. Thoracic trauma	534	(5)
VIII. Abdominal trauma	539	(3)
IX. Pelvic trauma	542	(3)
X. Genitourinary trauma	545	(4)
XI. Pediatric trauma	549	(5)
XII. Trauma in pregnancy	554	(2)
XIII. Burns	556	(9)
18 Orthopedic Emergencies	565	(20)
I. Introduction	565	(6)
II. Hand and wrist injuries	571	(3)
III. Forearm, elbow, upper arm, and shoulder injuries	574	(2)
IV. Pelvis, hip, and femur injuries	576	(1)
V. Knee injuries	577	(1)
VI. Lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries	578	(1)
VII. Complications of orthopedic injuries	579	(6)
19 Wound Emergencies	585	(20)
I. Stages of wound healing	585	(1)
II. Prehospital care of wounds	585	(1)
III. Evaluation of wounds in the emergency department (ED)	586	(2)
IV. Wound care	588	(4)
V. Wound closure	592	(2)
VI. Care of specific wound types	594	(2)
VII. Follow-up care	596	(9)
Part IV: Toxicologic and Environmental Emergencies	605	(80)
20 Toxicologic Emergencies	605	(38)
I. Approach to the patient	605	(3)
II. Over-the-counter drugs	608	(5)
III. Prescription drugs	613	(10)
IV. Drugs of abuse	623	(3)
V. Toxic alcohols	626	(3)
VI. Carbon monoxide	629	(1)
VII. Anticholinergics	630	(1)
VIII. Industrial chemicals	631	(3)
IX. Iron toxicity	634	(3)
X. Caustic ingestions	637	(6)
21 Environmental Emergencies	643	(42)
I. Introduction	643	(1)
II. Cold-related illness and injury	643	(7)
III. Heat-related illness	650	(5)
IV. High-altitude emergencies	655	(4)
V. Scuba diving injuries	659	(3)
VI. Drowning and near drowning	662	(2)
VII. Smoke inhalation injuries	664	(2)
VIII. Lightning injuries	666	(1)
IX. Venomous snakebites	667	(3)
X. Insect and arachnid bites and stings	670	(4)
XI. Venomous marine animal injuries	674	(11)
Part V: Special Considerations	685	(36)
22 Emergency Medical Services	685	(16)
I. History of emergency medical services (EMS)	685	(2)
II. Models of EMS delivery	687	(1)
III. EMS personnel	688	(3)
IV. EMS dispatch	691	(1)
V. Medical direction of EMS	691	(2)
VI. EMS equipment	693	(2)
VII. Air EMS	695	(1)
VIII. EMS at mass gatherings	695	(1)
IX. EMS research	696	(5)
23 Disaster Medicine	701	(8)
I. Defining disasters	701	(1)
II. Phases of disaster response	702	(2)
III. Role of the emergency physician	704	(1)
IV. Federal disaster resources	705	(1)
V. Disaster research	706	(3)
24 Legal Issues	709	(12)
I. Introduction	709	(1)
II. Informed consent	710	(1)
III. Patient confidentiality and reportable conditions	711	(1)
IV. Involuntary holds	712	(1)
V. Patient transfer laws	713	(8)
Comprehensive Exam	721	(34)
Index	755