Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual

by Fisher, H. G.; Forrest, H. S.; Grossel, Stanley S.; Huff, J. E.; Muller, A. R.; Noronha, J. A.; Shaw, D. A.; Tilley, B. J.

• ISBN13: 9780816905683
• ISBN10: 0816905681
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-04-15
• Publisher: Wiley-AIChE

Summary

OSHA (29 CFR 1910.119) has recognized AIChE/DIERS two-phase flow publications as examples of "good engineering practice" for process safety management of highly hazardous materials. The prediction of when two-phase flow venting will occur, and the applicability of various sizing methods for two-phase vapor-liquid flashing flow, is of particular interest when designing emergency relief systems to handle runaway reactions. This comprehensive sourcebook brings together a wealth of information on methods that can be used to safely size emergency relief systems for two-phase vapor-liquid flow for flashing or frozen, viscous or nonviscous fluids. Design methodologies are illustrated by selected sample problems. Written by industrial experts in the safety field, this book will be invaluable to those charged with operating, designing, or managing today's and tomorrow's chemical process industry facilities.

Author Biography

H. G. Fisher is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

H. S. Forrest is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

Stanley S. Grossel is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

J. E. Huff is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

A. R. Muller is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

J. A. Noronha is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

D. A. Shaw is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

B. J. Tilley is the author of Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Project Manual, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Overview

Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS)

A Strategy for Major Accidental Release Prevention

A Strategy for Emergency Relief System Design

An Approach to Emergency Relief System Design Assessment

Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow

Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow Onset and Disengagement

Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Hydrodynamics

DIERS Bench-Scale Apparatus

Runaway Reaction Emergency Relief System Design Computer Program

References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Vapor Disengagement Dynamics

Overview

Vapor Disengagement Dynamics

Design Considerations

Detailed Discussion

Open Literature References

Project Manual

References

The Coupling Equation and Flow Models

Best Estimate Procedure to Calculate Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Flow Onset/Disengagement

Fluid Behavior in Venting Vessels

Energy and Material Balance Derivations for Emergency Pressure Relief of Vessels

Internal Energy and Venting Calculations

Pressure Relief System Flow

Introduction

Scope

Organization

Special Terminology

Recommended Design Methods

Newtonian Flow

Complex Fluids

Useful Approximations

Technology Base

General Flow Equations

Nozzle Flow Models

Sharp Reductions

Pressure Recovery/Expansions/Equilibrations

Pipe Flow

Application to Pressure Relief System Elements

Networks

Complex Fluids

Nomenclature

Acknowledgments

References

Thermophysical Property Requirements

Equilibrium Flash Calculations

Model Parameters for Pipe Entrance Sections

Computer Routines in SAFIRE Program

Example Problems

Generalized Correlations and Design Charts

DIERS Phase III Large-Scale Integral Tests

Summary

Introduction

Program Objectives

Program Description

Test Configurations

Test Results

Tests T1 to T8

Tests V32-W1 to V32-W8

Tests T9, T10, T11, T14, and T15

Tests T12 and T13

Tests T20

Tests T17 and T18

Tests T21, T22, T23, and T24

ICRE Tests 32-6 to 32-11

ICRE Tests 2000-1 to 2000-5

ICRE Tests 32-14, 32-15, and 32-18

Acknowledgments

References

Test Configurations

Experimental Results and Model Comparisons

Kinetics Model for Styrene Polymerizations

High Viscosity Flashing Two-Phase Flow

Introduction

General Discussion of High Viscosity Flow in Relief Systems

Why High Viscosity Systems Require Special Consideration

Necessity for Conservatism

Summary of DIERS High Viscosity Relief Flow Tests

Project Overview

Styrene Reactive Tests

Small-Scale Rubber Cement Bottom-Vented tests

Large-Scale Rubber Cement Tests

Large-Scale Polystyrene-Ethylbenzene Bottom-Vented Tests

Recommended Design Practices

Theory and Scaling for Highly Viscous Systems

General Equations for Newtonian Fluids

Approximate Momentum Balances for Scaling Power-Law and Newtonian Fluids

Scaling Using Integrated Approximate Momentum Balance for Newtonian Fluids

Scaling Using Approximate Momentum Balance for Power-Law Fluids

Unanswered Questions

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