Emerging Public Safety Wireless Communication Systems

by Desourdis, Robert I., Jr.; Smith, David R.; Speights, William D.; Dewey, Richard J.; Disalvo, John R.

• ISBN13: 9780890065754
• ISBN10: 0890065756
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-09-01
• Publisher: Artech House

Summary

With the increasing need for more effective and efficient responses to man-made and natural public safety threats, the necessity for improved private mobile and commercial wireless digital communication systems has become apparent. This one-of-a-kind resource describes today's public safety communication requirements and radio systems from a technical perspective, and shows you how communication systems are evolving to meet the growing demands of multimedia wireless applications.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xxi
Public Safety Communication Requirements	1	(28)
Background	1	(3)
Radio Communications for First Responders	1	(1)
Evolving Mobile Radio Technology	2	(2)
Improving Public Safety Communications	4	(18)
Systems Engineering	4	(5)
Public Safety Communication Needs and Expectations	9	(13)
Measures of Effectiveness	22	(4)
Speed of Response	23	(1)
Voice Quality	23	(1)
Data Quality	24	(1)
Location Availability	24	(1)
Time Availability	25	(1)
Capacity	25	(1)
Reliability	25	(1)
Ease of Use	26	(1)
Contents	26	(3)
References	27	(2)
Spectrum Policy, Regulation, and Legislation	29	(46)
The Need for Spectrum Policy and Regulation	29	(3)
Telecommunications Policy and Regulatory Authority in the United States	32	(29)
Background	32	(2)
The Federal Communications Commission	34	(8)
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration	42	(8)
Evolving Public Safety Spectrum Allocations in the United States	50	(8)
Current Allocations	58	(3)
Telecommunications Policy and Regulatory Authority in Europe	61	(14)
The Conference European des Postes et Telecommunications	61	(6)
National Regulatory Authorities	67	(3)
Police Cooperation Convention	70	(1)
Ten Nation Meetings	70	(1)
Public Safety Frequency Coordination	70	(1)
Developing a Band Plan for TETRA in Europe	71	(2)
References	73	(2)
The Mobile Radio Channel	75	(90)
Introduction	75	(6)
Performance Requirements	75	(4)
Radio Environment	79	(2)
Contents	81	(1)
Open Environments	81	(43)
Free-Space Spreading Loss	82	(3)
Polarization	85	(1)
Flat-Earth Propagation	86	(8)
Spherical Earth	94	(2)
Atmospheric Effects	96	(4)
Irregular Surface Features	100	(21)
Foliage Effects	121	(3)
Urban Environments	124	(17)
In-Street Propagation	125	(6)
Building Penetration	131	(6)
Indoor Propagation	137	(2)
Tunnels and Underground Streets	139	(2)
Fading	141	(8)
Multipath Fading	143	(2)
Shadow Fading	145	(1)
Fading Parameters	146	(3)
Noise and Interference	149	(6)
Natural and Man-Made Noise	149	(4)
Interference	153	(2)
Computer-Based Propagation Models	155	(10)
Terrain Databases	155	(3)
TIA/IEEE Model	158	(1)
Cost 231 Models	159	(1)
ITU IMT-2000 Models	159	(1)
References	160	(5)
Mobile Radio Technologies	165	(84)
Digital Wireless Technology	165	(3)
Source Encoding and Decoding	168	(15)
Speech Encoding	168	(1)
Waveform Coders	169	(6)
Vocoders	175	(8)
Encryption and Decryption	183	(5)
Error Detection and Correction Coding	188	(13)
Block Codes	189	(4)
Convolutional Codes	193	(6)
Interleaving	199	(1)
Example of Error Correction Design	200	(1)
Modulation Techniques	201	(17)
Frequency Modulation	201	(1)
Digital Modulation	202	(16)
Equalization	218	(4)
Spread Spectrum	222	(5)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum	224	(2)
Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum	226	(1)
Access Methods	227	(8)
Frequency-Division Multiple Access	228	(1)
Time-Division Multiple Access	229	(1)
Code-Division Multiple Access	230	(2)
Access Techniques for Mobile Data Networks	232	(3)
Diversity	235	(5)
Explicit Diversity	236	(2)
Implicit Path Diversity	238	(1)
Diversity Combiners	239	(1)
Antennas	240	(9)
Ominidirectional Antennas	242	(1)
Directional Antennas	242	(1)
Sectorized Antennas	243	(1)
Smart Antennas	244	(1)
Antennas and Diversity	245	(1)
References	246	(3)
Land Mobile Radio Systems	249	(166)
Land Mobile Radio System Configuration	249	(25)
Basic System Characteristics	249	(2)
Conventional LMR Systems	251	(4)
Multicasting	255	(1)
Simulcasting (Quasi-Synchronous Transmission)	256	(3)
Trunking	259	(6)
Analog or Digital Modulation	265	(1)
Coverage	266	(8)
Public Safety LMR Standards in the United States	274	(42)
APCO Project 16	274	(4)
APCO Project 25	278	(38)
European Mobile Radio Standards	316	(99)
MPT 1327	317	(2)
Terrestrial Trunked Radio	319	(52)
International Cooperation: Project 25 Phase II/III and TETRA	371	(1)
References	371	(1)
Selected Bibliography	372	(1)
Appendix 5A: Standards-Based and Proprietary Products and Systems	373	(1)
Standards-Based Manufacturers and Their Products	373	(3)
Selected Manufacturer Products and Systems	376	(39)
Commercial Wireless Technologies and Systems	415	(96)
Cellular and PCS Services	416	(25)
Analog Cellular Telephone	416	(4)
Digital Cellular (IS-136)	420	(3)
Groupe Speciale Mobile	423	(9)
IS-95 CDMA	432	(7)
Personal Communication Services (PCS)	439	(2)
Specialized Mobile Radio	441	(3)
Nextel Configuration	441	(1)
Nextel Services Available	442	(2)
Mobile Data Services	444	(11)
Cellular Digital Packet Data	445	(4)
Mobitex	449	(5)
ARDIS	454	(1)
Intersystem Operation	455	(7)
IS-41	457	(2)
GSM Networks	459	(3)
Microcellular Systems	462	(13)
Cordless Phones	463	(1)
Wireless Local Loops	464	(2)
Wireless PBX	466	(1)
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)	467	(7)
Bluetooth	474	(1)
Satellite Services	475	(8)
ORBCOMM	476	(1)
Iridium	477	(2)
Globalstar	479	(2)
Teledesic	481	(2)
Use of Commercial Services for Public Safety Communications	483	(28)
Priority Access	483	(10)
Coverage	493	(1)
Security	494	(10)
Emergency Access	504	(2)
References	506	(5)
Effecting Change in Public Safety Communications	511	(54)
The Need for Interoperability	511	(4)
Legacy	511	(1)
The Problem	512	(2)
Obstacles to Interoperability	514	(1)
Planning Initiatives in the United States	515	(21)
Federal Law Enforcement Wireless Users Group	516	(1)
The Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee	516	(6)
The Public Safety Wireless Network Initiative	522	(9)
The National Public Safety Telecommunications Council	531	(1)
Other Public Safety Programs	532	(4)
Examples of Shared Systems	536	(21)
United States	536	(9)
Europe	545	(12)
Model Plan for the Development of Shared Systems	557	(8)
The ``Business'' Case	558	(1)
The Business Plan	559	(3)
References	562	(3)
Emerging Standards, Technologies, and Systems	565	(24)
The Evolving Need	565	(1)
Advances in LMR Standards	566	(6)
United States	566	(3)
Europe	569	(3)
Next-Generation Wireless	572	(8)
Voice Services	572	(5)
Data Services	577	(3)
Other Advancements	580	(5)
Integrated IP-Based Mobile Data Networks	580	(1)
VolP	581	(4)
A Vision for Public Safety Wireless Communications	585	(4)
References	587	(2)
About the Authors	589	(4)
Index	593