Emi/Emc Computational Modeling Handbook

by Archambeault, Bruce; Brench, Colin; Ramahi, Omar M.

• ISBN13: 9780792374626
• ISBN10: 0792374622
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-08-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

The application of computational electromagnetics to real-world EMI/EMC engineering is an emerging technology. With the advancement in electronics, EMI/EMC issues have greatly increased in complexity. As a result, it is no longer possible to rely exclusively on traditional techniques and expect cost-effective solutions. The first edition of this book introduced computational electromagnetics to EMI/EMC engineering. This second edition continues the introduction of computational electromagnetics to EMI/EMC engineering, but also adds new modeling techniques, namely the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method and the Transmission Line Matrix method, and updates to the science of EMI/EMC modeling that have occurred since the first edition was published. This book combines the essential elements of electromagnetic theory, computational techniques, and EMI/EMC engineering as they apply to computational modeling for EMI/EMC applications. It is intended to provide an understanding for those interested in incorporating modeling techniques in their work. A variety of modeling techniques are needed for anyone interested in using computational modeling in the real world. This book includes an introduction of all the popular modeling techniques, such as the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method, the Method of Moments, the Finite Element Method, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method and the Transmission Line Matrix method. EMI/EMC Computational Modeling Handbook, Second Edition will serve many different levels of readers. It will serve as a basic introduction to modeling as applied to EMI/EMC problems for the engineer interested in getting started, and it will help the person already using modeling as a tool to become more effective in using different modeling techniques. It will also be useful for the engineer who is familiar with computational techniques and wishes to apply them to EMI/EMC applications. This book can also be used as a text to help students of electromagnetic theory and application better understand real-world challenges facing engineers.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(12)
Introduction to EMI/EMC	1	(3)
Why Is EMI/EMC Modeling Important?	4	(1)
State of the Art of EMI/EMC Modeling	5	(1)
Tool Box Approach	6	(1)
Brief Description of EMI Modeling Techniques	7	(4)
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method	8	(1)
Method of Moments	9	(1)
Finite Element Method	10	(1)
Other Uses for Electromagnetic Modeling	11	(1)
Summary	11	(2)
Electromagnetic Theory and Modeling	13	(22)
Introduction	13	(2)
Time-Varying Maxwell's Equations	15	(7)
Quasi-Static Fields	17	(3)
Radiating Fields	20	(2)
Field Solution using Potentials	22	(1)
Maxwell's Equations in the Frequency Domain	23	(3)
Electromagnetic Fields in Two-Dimensional Space	26	(4)
Numerical Modeling	30	(2)
Electromagnetic Modeling	32	(1)
Summary	33	(2)
The Finite-Difference Time Domain Method	35	(36)
Introduction	35	(2)
Two-Dimensional FDTD	37	(4)
Three-Dimensional FDTD	41	(3)
Modeling Primary Radiation Sources	44	(3)
Numerical Dispersion and Anisotropy	47	(2)
Mesh Truncation Techniques	49	(12)
Higdon Absorbing Boundary Condition	50	(4)
Complementary Operators Method	54	(2)
Perfectly Matched Layer	56	(5)
Choosing Mesh Truncation Techniques	61	(1)
Field Extension	61	(7)
FDTD Simulation Errors	68	(3)
Method of Moments	71	(16)
Introduction	71	(1)
Linear Operators	72	(1)
Pocklington Integral Equation	73	(4)
Method of Moments Development	77	(8)
Matrix Construction	77	(4)
Basis and Testing Functions	81	(3)
Matrix Solution	84	(1)
Summary	85	(2)
The Finite Element Method	87	(24)
Introduction	87	(1)
Variational Forms	88	(4)
Construction of Finite Elements	92	(8)
Creating the Finite Element Matrix	95	(1)
Matrix Assembly	96	(3)
Matrix Solution	99	(1)
Solving the Two-Dimensional Helmholz Equation	100	(6)
Variational Form for the Helmholz Equation	100	(1)
Absorbing Boundary Conditions	101	(4)
Field Extension	105	(1)
Numerical Considerations	106	(2)
Summary	108	(3)
Preparation for Modeling	111	(42)
The EMI/EMC Problem	112	(6)
The Problem	113	(3)
Application of EMI Modeling	116	(2)
Overview of Modeling Options	118	(6)
Two- and Three- Dimensional Models	119	(3)
Quasi-Static Techniques	122	(1)
Full-Wave Techniques	122	(1)
Time-Domain Techniques	123	(1)
Frequency-Domain Techniques	124	(1)
Selecting a Computational Technique	124	(6)
Finite-Difference Time-Domain	125	(3)
Finite Element Method	128	(2)
Method of Moments	130	(1)
Elements of an EMI/EMC Model	130	(10)
Sources	131	(1)
Physical Source Modeling	132	(1)
Source Excitation	133	(5)
Model Geometry	138	(1)
Completing the Problem Space	138	(2)
Model Goals	140	(8)
Defining Goals	141	(1)
Desired Results	142	(2)
Problem Geometry	144	(1)
Graphics	145	(3)
How to Approach EMI/EMC Modeling	148	(2)
Idealized Models	148	(1)
Isolated Models	149	(1)
Summary	150	(3)
Creating EMI/EMC Models	153	(56)
Introduction	153	(3)
Creating Practical Models	156	(18)
Model Creation with FDTD	157	(5)
Practical Considerations for FDTD Modeling	162	(4)
Model Creation with FEM	166	(3)
Practical considerations for FEM Modeling	169	(1)
Model Creation with MoM	169	(4)
Practical considerations for MoM Modeling	173	(1)
Modeling Electromagnetic Radiators	174	(20)
Modeling a 30 MHz Half Wave Dipole	175	(6)
Modeling Real Systems as Dipoles	181	(3)
Heat Sink Models	184	(10)
Modeling a Shield with Apertures	194	(12)
Creating the Model	199	(3)
Analysis of Results	202	(4)
Summary	206	(3)
Special Topics in EMI/EMC Modeling	209	(44)
Introduction	209	(2)
Multistage Modeling	211	(17)
Multistage Modeling for Practical EMI/EMC Problems and Test Environments	212	(13)
Emissions Through Apertures With Wires	225	(3)
Designing EMI/EMC Filters	228	(3)
Filter Input Impedance	229	(1)
Filter Output Impedance	230	(1)
Intermediate Model Results	231	(5)
RF Current Distribution	232	(4)
Perfect Components	236	(1)
EMI/EMC Test Sites	236	(12)
Open Area Test Sites	237	(6)
Semi-Anechoic Shielded Rooms	243	(3)
GTEM Cells	246	(1)
Mode-Stirred Chambers	246	(2)
Section Summary	248	(1)
Antennas	248	(3)
Dipole Antennas	248	(1)
Horn Antennas	249	(1)
Effects of Ground Plane on Antenna Factor	249	(1)
Effects on Antenna Radiation Inside a Shielded Enclosure	250	(1)
Section Summary	250	(1)
Summary	251	(2)
Model Validation	253	(16)
Introduction	253	(1)
Validation of Computational Technique	254	(1)
Validation of Software Code Implementation	254	(3)
Validation Using Measurements	257	(5)
Validation Using Intermediate Results	262	(5)
RF Currents on a Conducting Surface	263	(2)
Animated Electric Fields	265	(2)
Summary	267	(2)
Standard EMI/EMC Problems for Software Evaluation	269	(20)
Introduction	269	(1)
General Principles	270	(2)
Generalized Modeling Problems	272	(7)
Radiation Through Apertures	272	(1)
Wire Through an Aperture	273	(1)
RF Current on Reference Plane Due to Remote Source	274	(1)
Common Mode Voltage on Connector Due to Known Noise Source	275	(1)
Reduction in Coupling Due to Partial Internal Shield	276	(2)
Direct Radiation from an Unshielded Circuit Module	278	(1)
Standard Problems	279	(7)
Enclosure	279	(2)
Heat Sink Emissions	281	(1)
Decoupling Power and Ground-Reference Plane	282	(3)
Trace-Over-Split in Ground-Plane	285	(1)
Summary	286	(3)
Advanced Modeling Techniques	289	(24)
Introduction	289	(1)
PEEC Model for PC Board Analysis	290	(4)
The Transmission Line Method	294	(15)
The TLM Mesh	297	(3)
Three-D Expanded Node TLM	300	(6)
Condensed Nodes	306	(2)
Advanced TLM Techniques	308	(1)
Summary	309	(4)
Index	313