Emphasis Art: A Qualitative Art Program for Elementary and Middle Schools

by Wachowiak, Frank; Clements, Robert D.

• ISBN13: 9780321023513
• ISBN10: 032102351X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This beautifully illustrated text reflects the latest trends in art education and demonstrates how to motivate students to learn by integrating art with other content areas. Emphasis Art, 7/e focuses on the intrinsic worth of art-studio experience and the process of implementing art education into classroom practice with a new emphasis on cultural understanding. In addition to a wealth of creative ideas and clear technical direction, this popular text promotes art appreciation and provides teachers with lesson plans that incorporate instructional objectives. It also shows ways to incorporate the widely used "Discipline Based Art Education" method.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART 1 Introduction to Art	1	(22)
The Role of Art in Society and in the Schools	3	(9)
Cultural Understanding	3	(1)
National Needs	4	(1)
Giving Importance and Making Special	4	(1)
Personal Communication and Expression	4	(1)
General Creativity and Artistic Creativity	4	(1)
Vocations	4	(1)
Aesthetic Awareness	4	(2)
Literacy and Cognition	6	(1)
A Core Participant in Learning in School	6	(1)
A Different Way of Learning and Communicating in School	7	(1)
A Qualitative Approach to Teaching Art	7	(5)
Art as Art: The Design Fundamentals	12	(11)
Line	12	(1)
Shape	12	(2)
Value	14	(1)
Color	14	(3)
Space	17	(1)
Texture and Pattern	18	(1)
Balance and Symmetry	19	(1)
Variety, Repetition, Emphasis, and Domination-Subordination	20	(1)
Formalism and Other Concepts	21	(2)
PART 2 Teachers and Teaching	23	(26)
The Role of the Dedicated Teacher	25	(5)
Who Teaches Art?	26	(2)
Guiding Students to Create and to Appreciate	28	(1)
The Teacher's Positive Personality, Rapport, and Respect	28	(2)
Teaching Strategies	30	(8)
The Art Room: Appearance and Atmosphere	30	(1)
Using Nonverbal Instructions	31	(1)
Planning the Distribution, Collection, and Organization of Materials	32	(1)
Beginning the Lesson	32	(1)
Getting the Design Off to a Good Start	32	(1)
Nurturing Creativity During the Working Period	33	(1)
Strategies for Fostering Perseverance	33	(2)
Cleanup and Evaluation	35	(1)
Classroom Management	36	(2)
Art Motivation	38	(11)
Personal Experience	38	(5)
Still Lifes as Artistic Arrangements	43	(1)
Bulletin Boards and Art History	43	(2)
The Art Medium	45	(1)
Amount and Timing of Motivation	46	(1)
Exhibitions	46	(3)
PART 3 Curriculum for and Nature of the Learner	49	(96)
Educational Psychology Considerations on Children's Learning and Creative Development	51	(14)
Mind, Eye, Heart, Hand, or Context?	51	(1)
Constructivism	52	(3)
Role of the Social Context	55	(2)
Role of the Emotions: The Intuitive and the Nonrational	57	(2)
Transformation	59	(1)
Children's Similarities and Variability	60	(5)
A Sequential Curriculum for Kindergarten	65	(14)
Artistic Development and Drawing	69	(4)
Painting and Other Media	73	(3)
Art Criticism	76	(1)
Art History	77	(1)
Aesthetics	77	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	77	(2)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 1 and 2	79	(13)
Developmental Characteristics	79	(1)
Art Development	80	(4)
Art Criticism, Art History, and Aesthetics	84	(1)
Designing, Drawing, and Painting	85	(4)
Collage (Cut and Paste)	89	(1)
Printmaking	89	(1)
Ceramics	89	(2)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	91	(1)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 3 and 4	92	(7)
Developmental Characteristics	92	(1)
Art Development	93	(1)
Art Criticism, Art History, and Aesthetics	94	(1)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	95	(1)
Color Awareness	96	(1)
Collage	97	(1)
Printmaking	97	(1)
Ceramics	98	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	98	(1)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 5 and 6	99	(13)
Developmental Characteristics	100	(1)
Art Development	101	(1)
Art Criticism	102	(1)
Art History and Aesthetics	103	(2)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	105	(2)
Collage	107	(2)
Printmaking	109	(1)
Ceramics and Crafts	110	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	111	(1)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 7 and 8	112	(12)
Developmental Characteristics	113	(1)
Emotional Vulnerability	114	(3)
Art Criticism	117	(1)
Art History and Aesthetics	117	(2)
Art Development	119	(1)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	119	(2)
Printmaking	121	(1)
Ceramics and Sculpture	121	(1)
Crafts	122	(1)
Collage, Photography, and Computer Art	122	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	123	(1)
Art for Students Experiencing Cognitive or Physical Developmental Disabilities	124	(11)
Eight Concepts in Special Education	124	(3)
General Teaching Strategies	127	(6)
Using Art for Community and School Integration	133	(1)
Experiences and Objects That May Appeal to Students with Physical or Cognitive Disabilities	134	(1)
Specialized Materials	134	(1)
Giftedness and Art Thinking	135	(10)
Creativity	138	(1)
Characteristics of Students Gifted in Art	139	(2)
Teaching Strategies	141	(1)
Extending into the School, Home, and Community	141	(4)
PART 4 Art's Content: Integration with Other Subjects	145	(68)
Introduction to Integration and the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Domains	147	(9)
Introduction to Integration	147	(1)
Integration through the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Domains	148	(7)
Clay Dinosaurs: A Sample Lesson Plan Combining Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Objectives with Art Objectives	155	(1)
Science, Math, and Art	156	(18)
Animal Life	159	(1)
Astronomy: Our Solar System	159	(1)
Climate	160	(1)
Foods and Nutrition	160	(1)
Geology	161	(1)
Human Body, Anatomy, and Growth	162	(1)
Insects	163	(1)
Light and Perception	163	(1)
Magnetism	163	(2)
Mathematics	165	(3)
Molecules	168	(1)
Plants and Botany	168	(2)
Simple Machines	170	(1)
Sound	170	(1)
Technology and Energy	171	(1)
Water	171	(1)
Weather, Wind, and Air	172	(2)
Social Studies, Multicultural Inquiry, and Art Integration	174	(23)
Social Studies Curriculum Across the Grades	174	(2)
Personalized Responses	176	(1)
Hands-on Art Activity	177	(1)
Danger of Social Studies/Art Integration	177	(1)
Drawing a Still-Life Arrangement	178	(2)
Use of Models and Speakers	180	(1)
Sketching Trips	181	(1)
Using Art Reproductions for Art Criticism and Social Studies	181	(2)
Anthropology	183	(1)
Economics/Vocations	184	(1)
Geography and Map Reading	185	(2)
History	187	(1)
Law-Related Education	187	(1)
Psychology	188	(2)
Sociology	190	(2)
Multicultural Understanding Through Art	192	(5)
Literacy: Reading, Writing, and Speech Integration with Art	197	(7)
Whole Language Approach	200	(4)
Related Arts Integration	204	(9)
Music	207	(2)
Dance	209	(1)
Drama	210	(3)
PART 5 Art Appreciation, Art History, Art Criticism, and Aesthetics	213	(28)
New Approaches to Art Appreciation	215	(8)
Art Appreciation in the Schools: From Picture Study to Discipline-Based Art Education	215	(3)
General Methods for Art Discussions	218	(2)
Gamelike Educational Activities	220	(3)
Teaching Art History	223	(6)
Conducting Art History Discussions	223	(1)
Art History Teaching Methods	224	(5)
Teaching Art Criticism and Aesthetics	229	(12)
Conducting Art Criticism Discussions	229	(1)
An Approach to Art Criticism	229	(5)
Two Perspectives on Art Criticism: Formalism and Contextualism	234	(1)
Conducting Discussions of Aesthetics	235	(5)
Art Criticism at Home	240	(1)
PART 6 Teaching Art Production	241	(128)
Drawing	243	(23)
Three Kinds of Drawing	243	(2)
Figure Drawing	245	(8)
Portrait and Self-Portrait Drawings	253	(1)
Drawing the Landscape or Cityscape	253	(4)
Drawing the Still Life	257	(3)
Drawing Animals	260	(2)
Drawing Media, Especially Markets	262	(4)
Crayon and Oil Pastels	266	(14)
Crayon	266	(2)
Crayon Resist	268	(3)
Crayon Engraving	271	(3)
Crayon Encaustic	274	(2)
Oil Pastel	276	(1)
Oil-Pastel Resist	277	(3)
Painting	280	(12)
Painting with Watercolors	280	(2)
Painting with Tempera	282	(3)
Tempera Resist	285	(4)
Mural Making	289	(3)
Paper Projects in Two Dimensions	292	(9)
Collage	292	(1)
Tissue-Paper Collage	293	(4)
Mosaics	297	(4)
Printmaking	301	(13)
Printmaking with Found Objects	301	(2)
Glue Line-Relief prints	303	(1)
Collographs	304	(3)
Linoleum Prints and Styrofoam® Prints	307	(3)
Proofing, Inking, and Printing	310	(2)
Aluminum-Foil Reliefs	312	(2)
Visual Technology: Computer Art, Photography, and Video	314	(10)
Computer Art	315	(3)
Photography	318	(3)
Video	321	(3)
Three-Dimensional Design: Additive and Subtractive Sculpture	324	(14)
Box Sculpture and Constructions in Space	325	(5)
Masks	330	(3)
Totem Poles	333	(2)
Subtractive Sculpture in Plaster	335	(3)
Architecture	338	(5)
Crafts	343	(13)
Weaving	349	(3)
Starch-Resist Batik	352	(4)
Clay Modeling	356	(13)
Clay in the Primary Grades	356	(5)
Clay in the Upper Grades	361	(1)
Construction Techniques	362	(2)
Drying, Firing, Glazing, and Staining	364	(1)
Clay Plaster Reliefs	365	(4)
PART 7 Objectives and Evaluation Criteria	369	(23)
Assessment of Art Learning	371	(21)
The Need for Open Objectives and Evaluational Criteria	372	(1)
The Need for Defined Objectives and Evaluational Criteria	372	(2)
Categories of Art Objectives and Assessment	374	(1)
Objectives and Evaluation of Art Production	375	(1)
Formative Objectives: In-Process Evaluation of Student Work	376	(4)
Objectives and Assessment of Artistic Perception	380	(3)
Objectives and Evaluation of Art Criticism	383	(1)
Objectives and Assessment in Aesthetics	383	(1)
Objectives and Evaluation of Art History Learning	384	(1)
Reporting Art Progress to Parents	385	(5)
Summative Evaluation	390	(1)
Concluding Statement	391	(1)
Appendix A Art Materials, Safety Concerns, Modeling Formulas, and Facilities Planning	392	(7)
Appendix B A Brief Chronology of Art Education in the United States	399	(3)
Appendix C Recommended Readings	402	(6)
Appendix D Addresses of Professional Associations, Art Materials Suppliers, Audiovisual Sources, Computer Websites, and Electronic Lesson Plan Databases	408	(2)
Glossary	410	(3)
Photo Credits	413	(1)
Index	414